Lufeng, Guangdong
Lufeng, alternately romanized as Lukfung,[lower-alpha 1] is a county-level city in the southeast of Guangdong province, administered as a part of the prefecture-level city of Shanwei. It lies on the mainland on coast of the South China Sea east of Hong Kong.
Lufeng 陆丰市 Lukfung | |
|---|---|
County-level & Sub-prefectural city | |
 The entrance to Xuanwu Mountain in Jieshi | |
  Lufeng Location in Guangdong | |
| Coordinates: 22°55′08″N 115°39′08″E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Guangdong |
| Prefecture-level city | Shanwei |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1,681 km2 (649 sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Lufeng | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 陆丰 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 陸豐 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin | Lùfēng | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cantonese Yale | Luhkfūng | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Postal | Lukfung | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Continent Abundance | ||||||||||||||||||||
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History
Under the Qing, the area was known as Lufeng County. Together with neighboring Haifeng and the now separated Luhe county now carved out from Lufeng, it formed the short-lived Hailufeng Soviet in 1927. It was later promoted to county-level city status.
The area rose to prominence in the early 21st century as a scene of unrest. Jieshi saw serious inter-village violence over road use in October 2009 and March 2010[4] and, in September 2011, a series of protests or riots occurred in Wukan Village over allegations of Communist Party members unfairly selling farmers' land for development.[5] Fresh protests broke out in December, when one of the village leaders died in the police custody. The police blocked the roads leading to the village.[6]
Administration
As of 2005 year's end, the city comprises three urban subdistricts and 17 towns. These are organised into 47 neighbourhood committees and 280 village committees.[7]
The city's executive, legislature and judiciary are located in the Donghai Subdistrict (东海街道), together with the CPC subbranch and PSB suboffice. Wukan Village, site of the Wukan protests, is also located in the Donghai subdistrict.
Urban subdistricts
- Donghai (东海)
- Chengdong (城东)
- Hexi (河西)
Demography
Lufeng has a population of 1.7 million,[8] the most of them are Han chinese. More specifically, a considerable percentage of the population belong to the Minnan sub group; the rest are Teochews, Hakka and Ming Dynasty Jianghuai military speakers. Therefore, dialects of both Min Nan, Teochew and Hakka are spoken, in addition to Mandarin, which is used in official and public life. The Hailufeng dialect, however, only refers to the Hokkien variant.
Climate
| Climate data for Lufeng (1981−2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.7 (83.7) |
29.4 (84.9) |
30.2 (86.4) |
32.5 (90.5) |
34.1 (93.4) |
36.0 (96.8) |
37.8 (100.0) |
37.0 (98.6) |
36.6 (97.9) |
34.7 (94.5) |
32.7 (90.9) |
29.3 (84.7) |
37.8 (100.0) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 19.9 (67.8) |
19.7 (67.5) |
21.9 (71.4) |
25.5 (77.9) |
28.5 (83.3) |
30.5 (86.9) |
31.9 (89.4) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.2 (88.2) |
29.2 (84.6) |
25.9 (78.6) |
21.7 (71.1) |
26.5 (79.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 14.7 (58.5) |
15.2 (59.4) |
17.9 (64.2) |
21.7 (71.1) |
25.0 (77.0) |
27.3 (81.1) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.3 (82.9) |
27.1 (80.8) |
24.3 (75.7) |
20.5 (68.9) |
16.2 (61.2) |
22.2 (72.0) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 11.3 (52.3) |
12.4 (54.3) |
15.1 (59.2) |
19.1 (66.4) |
22.3 (72.1) |
24.8 (76.6) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.4 (77.7) |
24.1 (75.4) |
20.9 (69.6) |
16.8 (62.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
19.2 (66.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 2.6 (36.7) |
3.9 (39.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
9.6 (49.3) |
14.4 (57.9) |
18.6 (65.5) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.7 (71.1) |
17.9 (64.2) |
11.6 (52.9) |
6.2 (43.2) |
1.0 (33.8) |
1.0 (33.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 29.6 (1.17) |
63.6 (2.50) |
112.9 (4.44) |
158.5 (6.24) |
262.9 (10.35) |
440.1 (17.33) |
329.6 (12.98) |
352.9 (13.89) |
199.8 (7.87) |
34.1 (1.34) |
26.6 (1.05) |
28.3 (1.11) |
2,038.9 (80.27) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 73 | 78 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 86 | 84 | 84 | 80 | 74 | 71 | 69 | 79 |
| Source: China Meteorological Data Service Center | |||||||||||||
Notes
References
Citations
- Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed. (1911), Vol. XV, "Kwang-tung".
- Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed. (1878), Vol. V, "China".
- Bolton & al. (1941), p. 262.
- Guangdong Villages Battle over Road-use, Verna Yu, South China Morning Post, 10 March 2010
- https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-15032458
- Michael Bristow (14 December 2011). "China protest worsens in Guangdong after villager death". BBC News. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
- http://baike.baidu.com/view/184974.htm?fr=ala0_1_1#2
- "Beijing: zero tolerance against illegal land-grabs. Asia News. 26 September 2011.
Bibliography
- Bolton, Kingsley; et al. (1941), Triad Societies, Vol. 5, Abingdon: Routledge, reprinted 2000.
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