List of spaceplanes

A spaceplane incorporates aspects of both aeroplanes and spacecraft. Most concepts were only capable of sub-orbital spaceflight.

Type	Country	Class	Role	Date	Status	No.	Notes
ASSET	US	Rocket launch	Experimental	1963	Prototype		Uncrewed reentry test vehicle.
Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar	US	Rocket launch	Experimental	1963	Project		Crewed
BOR-4	USSR	Rocket launch	Experimental	1982	Prototype		Uncrewed reentry test vehicle.
Buran Shuttle	USSR	Rocket launch	Utility	1988	Prototype		Crewed orbiter, launched by the Energia rocket. Only one robotic flight made.
HOTOL	UK	SSTO	Utility	1988	Project	0	Airbreathing rocket engine.
Interim HOTOL	UK	Air launch	Utility	1991	Project	0	Launched from the Antonov An-225 Mriya, the Buran air lift carrier aircraft.
Martin X-23 PRIME	US	Rocket launch	Experimental	1966	Prototype		Uncrewed atmospheric re-entry test vehicle
North American X-15	US	Air launch	Experimental	1959	Prototype	3	Air-dropped from a Boeing B-52.
Sanger Silbervogel	Germany	Composite	Bomber	1944	Project	0	Sub-orbital. Mock up and wind tunnel models only.
Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne	US	Composite	Transport	2004	Prototype	1	first civilian-funded reusable spacecraft, lifted by White Knight to about 14 km
Scaled Composites SpaceShipTwo	US	Composite	Transport	2010	Prototype	2	For Virgin Galactic commercial testing.
Skylon	UK	SSTO	Utility	1993	Project		Continuation of cancelled HOTOL.
Space Rider	ESA	Lifting body	Experimental	2021	Project		Robotic, orbital
Space Shuttle	US	Rocket launch	Utility	1981	Retired	4–8	Crewed orbiter.
XCOR Lynx (formerly Xerus)	US	Suborbital	Experimental	2008	Project	0	Horizontal takeoff and landing.

See also