List of first women lawyers and judges in South America

This is a list of the first women lawyer(s) and judge(s) in South America. It includes the year in which the women were admitted to practice law (in parentheses). Also included are the first women in their country to achieve a certain distinction such as obtaining a law degree.

Argentina
Margarita Argúas: First female Minister of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation (1970)

In specific circumstances

From specific ethnic groups

In a particular region in Argentina

Autonomous City of Buenos Aires

Bolivia
Esilda Villa: First female lawyer in Bolivia (1929)

From a specific ethnic group
  • Amalia Laura Villca (2011):[37][38] First Ayllu female lawyer in Bolivia.
  • Amalia Morales Rondo (1990):[39][40] First Cholita female (and woman in pollera) judge in Bolivia (2008)
  • Cristina Mamani Aguilar:[41][42] First indigenous female (and woman in pollera) elected as a Judge of the Bolivian Judicial Power and the Council of Magistrates in Bolivia (2011)

Firsts in a particular region in Bolivia

Brazil
  • Augusta Saraiva (1902):[44][45] First female to obtain a law degree in Brazil
  • Myrthes Gomes de Campos (1906):[46] First female lawyer in Brazil (though she practiced the profession of lawyer beginning in 1899)
  • Thereza Grisólia Tang and Ana Maria da Silveira:[47][48][49][50][51][52] First female judges in Brazil (1954)
  • Maria Rita Soares de Andrade:[53][54] First female appointed as a federal judge in Brazil (1967). She was also the first female lawyer in Bahia, Brazil and Sergipana, Brazil.
  • Ellen Gracie Northfleet (1971):[55] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Brazil (2000), as well as its President (2006)
  • Lydia Dias Fernandes:[56][57] First female judge to serve as a President of a Court of Justice in Brazil (Court of Justice of Pará; 1979-1981)
  • Esther Figueiredo Ferraz:[58] First female to chair the Brazilian Bar Association (Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil) (1949)
  • Raquel Dodge (1986):[59] First female appointed as the Prosecutor General of Brazil (2017)
  • Fides Angélica Ommati:[60] First female lawyer to preside over a section of the Brazilian Bar Association (1987) [Piauí, Northeast Region, Brazil]
  • Joênia Wapixana (1997):[61][62] First indigenous (Wapishana) female lawyer in Brazil. She was also the first female lawyer to argue a case before the Supreme Court of Brazil.
  • Eliana Calmon:[63] First female to serve as the Minister of the Superior Court of Justice of Brazil (1999-2013)
  • Grace Mendonça:[64] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Brazil (2017)
  • Rosa Weber (1971):[65][66] First female judge appointed as the President of the Supreme Electoral Court of Brazil (2018)

Of a specific ethnic group
  • Vercilene Francisco Dias (2016):[67][68] First Quilombola female lawyer in Brazil
  • Mary de Aguiar Silva:[69][70] First female Black judge appointed in Brazil (1962)

Firsts in a particular region in Brazil

Central West Region
  • Maísa de Castro Sousa Barbosa:[71] First female appointed as the Attorney General of the State of Goiás [Central West Region, Brazil]
  • Kadiwéu Carla Mayara Alcântara Cruz (2013):[72] First indigenous female lawyer in Mato Grosso do Sul [Central West Region, Brazil]

North Region
  • Terezinha Lavocat Galvão:[73] First female attorney in the Public Prosecutor's Office of the State of Acre [North Region, Brazil]
  • Sulamir Palmeira Monassa de Almeida:[74] First female lawyer in Amapá [North Region, Brazil]

Northeast Region
  • Maria Aida Pinheiro:[75] First female lawyer in Alagoas [Northeast Region, Brazil]
  • Nelma Torres Padilha:[75] First female judge in Alagoas (1976) [Northeast Region, Brazil]
  • Maria do Socorro Chaves (1964):[76] First female lawyer in Caruaru [Northeast Region, Brazil]
  • Auri Moura Costa:[77] First female judge of the Court of Justice of the State of Ceará (1968). She was also the first female to serve as President of the Regional Electoral Tribunal of Ceará (1974).
  • Helena Alves de Souza:[78] First female judge in Paraíba [Northeast Region, Brazil]
  • Magui Lins Azevedo:[79] First female judge in the Pernambuco State (2002) [Northeast Region, Brazil]
  • Esperança Garcia:[80] Given the symbolic title of the first female lawyer in Piauí [Northeast Region, Brazil]
  • Georgia Nunes:[81] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Teresina (2017) [Northeast Region, Brazil]
  • Wandecy Albanian Ferreira Veras:[82] First female lawyer in Rio Grande do Norte [Northeast Region, Brazil]

South Region
  • Fernanda Kaingáng:[83] Reputed to be the first female lawyer in South Region, Brazil
  • Genésia Minatto Brandão (1956):[84] First female lawyer in Criciúma [South Region, Brazil]
  • Erica Ghedin Orlandin:[85][86] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Criciúma [South Region, Brazil]
  • Maria de Lourdes Bello Zimath:[87] First female lawyer in Joinville, Santa Catarina [South Region, Brazil]
  • Maria Berenice Dias:[88] First female judge in the Rio Grande do Sul State [South Region, Brazil]
  • Sandra Krieger:[89] First female prosecutor in Blumenau, Santa Catarina State [South Region, Brazil]
  • Walkyria Moreira da Silva Kaled:[90] First female lawyer in Paraná [South Region, Brazil]
  • Edni de Andrade Arruda:[91] First female lawyer to join the Federal Council of the Brazilian Bar Association in Paraná [South Region, Brazil]
  • Maria Therezia Butzen Deboni:[92] First female lawyer in Porto União and União da Vitória [South Region, Brazil]

Southeast Region
  • Odete Sinhorini Mattar:[93] First female lawyer in Ribeirão Preto [Southeast Region, Brazil]
  • Lúcia Guimarães Léa Tavares:[94] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Rio de Janeiro (c. 2009) [Southeast Region, Brazil]
  • Maria José Saraiva:[95][96][97] First female to be admitted to the Faculty of Laws of São Paulo (1902) [Southeast Region, Brazil]
  • Maria Immaculada Xavier da Silveira:[97][98] First female lawyer admitted to the Order in São Paulo (1932) [Southeast Region, Brazil]
From a specific ethnic group
  • Ivone Ferreira Caetano:[99] First Black female appointed as a Judge (1994) and Tribunal (2014) of the Court of Justice of the State of Rio de Janeiro [Southeast Region, Brazil]

Western Region
  • Shelto Lombardi de Kato:[100] First female judge in Mato Grosso (1969) [Western Region, Brazil]

Chile

Colombia

Firsts in a particular region in Colombia
  • Esmeralda Arboleda:[129][130] First female lawyer in southwestern Colombia (c. 1950s)
  • Gabriela Pelaez (Echeverri) (1944):[115][131][132] First female lawyer to graduate from the National University of Colombia [Bogotá, D.C., Colombia]

Ecuador

Firsts in a particular region in Ecuador

Falkland Islands (GBR)
  • Rosie McIlroy:[156] First woman lawyer (non-native) to enter into private law practice in the Falkland Islands. According to various sources, her legal career also included serving as Crown Solicitor (c. 1987),[157] Senior Magistrate (c. 1989),[158][159] and Chief Magistrate (c. 1989)[160][161] in the Falkland Islands.
  • Melanie Louise Best Chilton:[162][163][164] First woman lawyer (non-native) to serve as Law Commissioner and an Attorney General of the Falkland Islands (2006-2007).
  • Ros Cheek (United Kingdom, 1998):[164][165][166][167][168][169][170] First Falkland Islander female to become Principal Crown Counsel (2006). She later became the second female Law Commissioner in the Falkland Islands (2015).

French Guiana (FRA)

Guyana
  • Iris de Freitas Brazao (1929): Considered the first female lawyer in the Anglophone Caribbean, Brazao practiced law in Guyana when it was known as British Guiana
  • Ena Luckhoo:[173] First Indian female lawyer in Guyana
  • Désirée Bernard (1964):[174][175][176] First female judge in Guyana (upon her appointment as a Judge of the High Court of Guyana in 1980). She is also the first female appointed as a Justice of Appeal in the Court of Appeal of the Supreme Court of Guyana (1992), Chief Justice (1996), Chancellor of the Judiciary of Guyana and the Caribbean (2001) and Judge of the Caribbean Court of Justice (2005).

Firsts in a particular region in Guyana
  • Gertel Thom:(1982):[177] First female lawyer in Essequibo [Essequibo County or "Cinderella County," Guyana]. She is also known as being the first female Attorney-General of Antigua and Barbuda and the first woman to sit in the Antigua and Barbuda Cabinet (2001).

Paraguay

Peru
Trinidad María Enríquez: First female to earn a law degree in Peru (1907)

Firsts in a particular region in Peru
  • Brígida Ramírez Garay:[197] First female elected as a Judge of the Unlettered Peace Court in Colpa Baja [Huánuco Region, Peru]
  • Miguelina Aurora Acosta Cárdenas (1920):[198] First female lawyer to graduate from the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) [Lima Province, Peru]
  • Rosa del Portal Verano de Castellanos:[199] First female appointed as a Judge of the Superior Court of Justice in Lima [Lima Province, Peru]
  • Angelica Bockos Heredia de Grillo:[200] First female appointed as President of the Superior Court of Lima (1986) [Lima Province, Peru]

South Georgia and Sandwich Islands (GBR)
  • Rosalind Catriona Cheek was appointed acting Attorney General on 28 March 2011, and on 21 November 2017 as Acting Attorney General again and also as Acting Coroner.[201]
  • Alison Anne Mackenzie Inglis was appointed Registrar General on 7 February 2012.[201]
  • Clare Faulds was appointed Senior Magistrate and hence also Coroner on 3 November 2014,[201] also of the Falkland Islands and British Antarctic Territory

Suriname

An unknown woman became the first female attorney in Suriname in 1933.[202][203]

  • Cynthia Valstein-Montnor (c. 1956):[204] First female judge in Suriname (upon becoming a member of the High Court of Justice of Suriname in 1998)
  • Joyce van Genderen-Naar (1978):[205][206] First lawyer (and female) of Surinamese origin decorated by the Belgian government as a Knight in the Leopold Order (2018), as well as to register with the Brussels Bar (Belgium; c. 1990s)
  • Samantha Gadjradj:[207][208] First female lawyer to serve as the Dean of the Suriname Bar Association (2019)

Firsts in a particular region in Suriname

Uruguay

Venezuela

Firsts in a particular region in Venezuela
  • Carmen Alcalá de Árraga:[229] First female appointed as a Juvenile Judge (1952-1985) and Juvenile Superior Judge (1986-1988) of the Zulia State in Venezuela

KEY

See also

References
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