List of countries by research and development spending

This is a list of countries by research and development (R&D) spending in real terms and as per latest data available.

List

Only those nations which annually spend more than 50 million dollars have been included. The world's total nominal R&D spending was approximately one trillion dollars in 2010.[1]



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Country/Region Expenditures on R&D
(billions of US$, PPP),		 % of GDP PPP Expenditures on R&D per capita
(US$ PPP),		 Year Source
 United States 511.1 2.744% 1,586.35 2016 [2]
 European Union* 379.0 1.64% 658.94 2016 [2]
 China 275.0 2.19% 197.41 2018 [3]
 Japan 165.7 3.147% 1,297.39 2016 [2]
 Germany 118.8 2.94% 1,450.17 2016 [2]
 South Korea 91.6 4.292% 1,518.47 2014 [4]
 India 66.5 0.85% 39.37 2015 [5]
 France 60.0 2.256% 905.8 2014 [6]
 United Kingdom 44.8 1.701% 692.9 2014 [6]
 Russia 42.6 1.187% 290.21 2014 [4]
 Brazil 38.4 1.17% 177.89 2012 [7][2][8]
 Taiwan 33.7 3.1% 1,383.84 2015 [9][4]
 Italy 27.4 1.287% 452.14 2014 [4]
 Canada 25.7 1.612% 723.5 2014 [6]
 Australia 23.3 2.12% 986.86 2014 [10]
 Spain 19.2 1.222% 413.46 2014 [4]
 Netherlands 16.3 1.973% 967.8 2014 [6]
 Turkey 15.3 1.007% 198.36 2014 [4]
 Sweden 14.2 3.161% 1,468.1 2014 [6]
  Switzerland 13.1 2.967% 1,647.90 2012 [4]
 Israel 18.6 4.90% 1,973.0 2018 [11]
 Belgium 12.4 2.465% 1,102.9 2014 [6]
 Austria 11.9 3.1% 1,416.14 2015 [4]
 Poland 11.6 0.935% 301.06 2014 [4][8][2]
 Malaysia 10.6 1.3% 344.3 2015 [7]
 Singapore 10.0 2.186% 1,831.7 2014 [6]
 Mexico 9.0 0.941% 237.57 2014 [4]
 Denmark 8.2 3.085% 1,450.2 2014 [6]
 Finland 7.2 3.174% 1,318.0 2014 [6]
 Czech Republic 6.3 1.997% 600.04 2014 [4]
 Egypt 6.2 0.68% 73.18 2013 [7]
 Norway 5.8 1.710% 1,123.9 2014 [6]
 Argentina 5.0 0.588% 129.09 2013 [4][2][8]
 South Africa 6.1 0.818% 108.47 2016 [2]
 United Arab Emirates 4.28 0.70% 470.7 2014 [6]
 Ireland 3.6 1.519% 779.4 2014 [6]
 Portugal 3.6 1.285% 347.84 2014 [4]
 Thailand 12.4 1.0% 179.89 2017 [2]
 Hungary 3.4 1.371% 343.01 2014 [4]
 Ukraine 3 0.76% 73.7 2013 [7]
 Hong Kong 2.7 0.73% 373.09 2012 [7]
 Greece 2.4 1.007% 216.72 2014 [4][12][8]
 Pakistan 2.4 0.29% 13.29 2013 [7]
 Indonesia 2.0 0.08% 8.09 2013 [7]
 New Zealand 1.8 1.172% 400.99 2013 [4]
 Saudi Arabia 1.8 0.25% 60.01 2012 [13][14]
 Colombia 1.6 0.24% 31 2014 [7][2][8]
 Chile 1.54 0.38% 87.39 2014 [4][2][8]
 Slovenia 1.5 2.386% 712.63 2014 [4]
 Morocco 1.5 0.73% 47.59 2010 [7]
 Romania 2.3 0.48% 114.1 2016 [2]
 Slovakia 1.4 0.886% 250.55 2014 [4]
 Qatar 1.3 0.47% 698.50 2012 [7]
 Belarus 1.12 0.67% 118.44 2013 [7]
 Vietnam 0.87 0.21% 9.91 2011 [15]
 Kuwait 0.83 0.30% 214.16 2013 [7]
 Bulgaria 0.81 0.65% 112.15 2013 [16]
 Ecuador 0.8 0.44% 49.90 2016 [2][8]
 Ethiopia 0.79 0.61% 9.08 2013 [7]
 Tunisia 0.78 0.68% 72.83 2012 [7]
 Lithuania 0.76 0.88% 245.36 2017 [16]
 Luxembourg 0.7 1.256% 1,252.7 2014 [6]
 Croatia 0.7 0.81% 166.75 2013 [16]
 Serbia 0.7 0.73% 97.86 2013 [16]
 Iran 0.7 0.12% 9.08 2014 [17]
 Kazakhstan 0.67 0.17% 39.24 2013 [7]
 Estonia 0.344 1.29% 264.62 2017 [18]
 Philippines 0.48 0.11% 5.4 2007 [7]
 Peru 0.4 0.12% 12.94 2015 [12][2][8]
 Azerbaijan 0.33 0.21% 35.98 2013 [7]
 Latvia 0.28 0.51% 136.8 2017 [16]
 Uganda 0.28 0.48% 8.27 2010 [7]
 Costa Rica 0.28 0.47% 61.55 2011 [7]
 Iceland 0.27 1.891% 831.2 2014 [6]
 Mongolia 0.26 0.17% 73.66 2013 [7]
 Uruguay 0.24 0.34% 69.88 2015 [7][2][8]
 Sudan 0.18 0.23% 4.74 2007 [12]
 Algeria 0.16 0.07% 4.13 2007 [12]
 Cyprus 0.13 0.48% 150.82 2013 [16]
 North Macedonia 0.12 0.44% 55.99 2013 [7]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.12 0.33% 31.73 2013 [7]
 Malta 0.11 0.85% 270.78 2013 [16]
 Bolivia 0.08 0.15% 7.29 2012 [2][8]
 Botswana 0.07 0.25% 37.01 2012 [7]
 Oman 0.07 0.23% 25.40 2013 [7]
 Macau 0.07 0.09% 122.2 2014 [6]
 Moldova 0.06 0.35% 16.44 2013 [7]
 Bahrain 0.06 0.100% 45.2 2014 [6]
 Paraguay 0.06 0.13% 9.13 2015 [2][8]
 Georgia 0.05 0.16% 14.73 2014 [7]
 Montenegro 0.03 0.38% 55.75 2013 [16]

*The EU is a political and economic union and not a country.

See also

References
  1. "- Royal Society" (PDF). royalsociety.org.
  2. "How Much Does Your Country Invest in R&D?". UNESCO.
  3. "China's spending on research and development up 11.8 per cent to US$275 billion in 2018".
  4. "Research and development (R&D) - Gross domestic spending on R&D - OECD Data". data.oecd.org. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  5. "2016 GLOBAL R&D FUNDING FORECAST" (PDF).
  6. "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
  7. "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)". World Bank. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
  8. "Science, technology and innovation". UNESCO.
  9. Taiwan ranked 9th globally for R&D spending in 2015, The Central News Agency, 2017/07/19
  10. "Australian Bureau of Statistics - GROSS EXPENDITURE ON R&D (GERD)". www.abs.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2015-10-28. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  11. "Israel's expenditure on civilian R&D rises 4.6 pct in 2018: report - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  12. "UNESCO science report, 2010: the current status of science around the world; 2010" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  13. "2012 Global R & D Funding Forecast: R & D Spending Growth Continues While Globalization Accelerates". 16 December 2011.
  14. "Data" (PDF). www.natureasia.com.
  15. vietnamnet.vn. "How much does Vietnam spend on R&D? - News VietNamNet". english.vietnamnet.vn. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  16. "File:Gross domestic expenditure on R&D, 2003–13 (% of GDP) YB15.png - Statistics Explained". ec.europa.eu.
  17. "مصاحبه تفصیلی فارس با قائم‌مقام معاون تحقیقات وزارت بهداشت/۱ رشد علمی کشور پارسال منفی شد/ تحقیقات پزشکی بدون بودجه درجا می‌زند". Farsnews.com. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  18. "TD052: Research and development expenditures and their financing from state and local budgets". Eesti Statistkaamet. Retrieved 2018-11-13.
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