List of countries by Fragile States Index

This is a list of countries by order of appearance in the Fragile States Index (formerly the Failed States Index) of the United States think tank Fund for Peace.

Countries according to the 2020 Fragile States Index
  Very high alert
  High alert
  Alert
  High warning
  Elevated warning
  Warning
  Stable
  More stable
  Very stable
  Sustainable
  Very sustainable
  Data unavailable

A fragile state has several attributes. Common indicators include a state whose central government is so weak or ineffective that it has little practical control over much of its territory; non-provision of public services; widespread corruption and criminality; refugees and involuntary movement of populations; and sharp economic decline.[1] Since 2005, the index has been published annually by the Fund for Peace and the magazine Foreign Policy. The list has been cited by journalists and academics in making broad comparative points about countries or regions.[2][3]

This is the list for 2020,[4] with comparisons of each country's current score to previous years' indices.

The report uses 12 factors to determine the rating for each nation, including security threats, economic implosion, human rights violations and refugee flows.

Indicators of a fragile state

The following factors are used by Fund For Peace to ascertain the status of a country.[5]

Social
  • Mounting demographic pressures and tribal, ethnic and/or religious conflicts.
  • Massive internal and external displacement of refugees, creating severe humanitarian emergencies.
  • Widespread vengeance-seeking group grievances.
  • Chronic and sustained human flight.

Economic

Political
  • Delegitimization of the state.
  • Deterioration of public services.
  • Suspension or arbitrary application of law; widespread human rights abuses.
  • Security forces operating as a "state within a state" often with impunity.
  • Rise of factionalized elites.
  • Intervention of external political agents and foreign states.

Fragile States Index 2013–2020
Very high alert
Rank Country 2020 score[4] Change from 2019[6] Change from 2018[7] Change from 2017[8] Change from 2016[9] Change from 2015[10] Change from 2014

[11]

 Change from 2013[12]
1 Yemen112.4 1.1 0.8 1.6 1.2 4.6 7.3 5.7
2 Somalia110.9 1.4 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7
3 South Sudan110.8 1.4 1.2 0.5 0.4 1.1 0.5 2.8
4 Syria110.7 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.6 3.5 9.8 14.0


High alert
Rank Country 2020 score Change from 2019 Change from 2018 Change from 2017 Change from 2016 Change from 2015 Change from 2014 Change from 2013
5 Democratic Republic of the Congo109.4 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.5 1.2
6 Central African Republic107.5 1.4 2.2 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.5 5.8
7 Chad106.4 2.1 0.2 1.1 1.8 0.1 0.4 0.7
8 Sudan104.8 3.2 0.7 1.9 2.8 2.1 1.4 2.3
9 Afghanistan102.9 2.1 1.6 0.7 1.3 1.3 0.1 0.1
Alert
Rank Country 2020 score Change from 2019 Change from 2018 Change from 2017 Change from 2016 Change from 2015 Change from 2014 Change from 2013
10 Zimbabwe99.2 0.3 2.8 0.7 1.8 2.3 0.5 2.9
11 Cameroon97.9 0.9 1.7 0.3 2.5 1.0 2.2 1.8
12 Burundi97.9 0.3 0.8 1.5 3.3 0.7 0.3 0.2
13 Haiti97.7 1.6 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.5 2.3 3.8
14 Nigeria97.3 1.2 1.4 1.7 3.6 2.5 0.2 0.8
15 Guinea97.2 2.2 2.2 0.8 2.2 3.3 1.1 0.3
16 Mali96.0 1.5 1.0 0.7 1.6 0.5 3.8 4.3
17 Iraq95.9 3.2 3.1 3.2 2.5 2.3 1.7
18 Eritrea95.8 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.4 0.3 1.7 2.2
19 Niger95.3 0.9 1.2 2.2 1.6 1.7 2.8
20 Libya95.2 3.0 2.4 1.7 1.8 0.7 6.8 10.1
21 Ethiopia94.6 0.4 5.4 1.5 2.4 2.1 1.7 0.7
22 Myanmar94.0 0.3 1.8 0.4 0.2 1.4 1.8 1.5
23 Guinea-Bissau92.9 2.6 2.6 1.4 1.7 1.8 2.5 3.0
24 Uganda92.8 2.5 0.2 0.9 2.6 1.9 0.9 1.5
25 Republic of the Congo92.1 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.9 2.3 3.5 3.1
25 Pakistan92.1 2.1 2.1 2.6 5.4 6.6 6.7 6.6
27 Mozambique91.7 3.0 0.3 0.9 1.8 2.8 5.9
28 Venezuela91.2 1.9 3.1 3.3 4.6 7.6 9.5 10.9
29 Kenya90.3 3.2 3.8 1.0 0.9 1.6 2.2
30 North Korea90.2 2.5 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.9
31 Liberia90.0 0.2 2.7 1.2 2.9 4.7 1.7 2.5
High warning
Rank Country 2020 score Change from 2019 Change from 2018 Change from 2017 Change from 2016 Change from 2015 Change from 2014 Change from 2013
32 Cote d'Ivoire89.7 2.4 2.5 1.9 3.3 5.4 7.1 8.9
33 Mauritania88.7 1.4 2.1 1.5 3.2 2.7 0.8 0.5
34 Angola87.3 0.5 1.6 1.7 1.1 1.3 2.0 2.3
35 Egypt86.0 2.4 0.3 1.1 1.5 1.3 2.3 1.9
35 Rwanda86.0 1.5 1.8 1.5 2.0 0.9 1.2
37 Burkina Faso85.9 2.0 2.6 1.5 2.9 2.7 2.5 3.7
38 Togo85.8 1.6 2.3 1.3 0.6 1.6 2.6 2.6
39 Bangladesh85.7 2.0 2.6 1.2 0.4 1.5 2.5 2.2
40 Lebanon84.7 0.3 1.8 1.4 2.8 1.3 0.1 0.5
41 Zambia84.5 1.2 1.5 0.6 0.9 2.0 1.0 0.6
42 Sierra Leone84.4 2.4 2.3 0.2 1.9 2.8 0.8 2.
43 Malawi84.0 0.7 2.2 2.5 2.1 1.4 3.6 3.7
44 Iran83.4 0.4 1.3 1.5 2.6 2.9 2.9 5.4
45 Equatorial Guinea83.0 0.4 0.8 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.9 2.7
45 Eswatini83.0 2.3 2.2 1.3 0.1 1.2 1.7 1.9
47 Timor-Leste82.7 2.8 2.8 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.7 3.2
47 Djibouti82.7 2.4 2.0 1.8 2.6 1.0 1.6
49   Nepal82.6 2.1 3.2 3.1 3.3 2.6 3.1 3.9
50 Papua New Guinea82.3 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.4 0.7 0.1
51 Gambia82.2 1.7 3.2 2.3 0.3 1.7 4.0 5.3
52 Sri Lanka81.8 2.2 0.9 1.7 2.8 5.7 7.7 8.0
53 Comoros81.2 0.5 0.9 2.2 1.2 0.7 2.5 1.4
54 Philippines81.0 2.1 2.4 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.2 2.7
55 Cambodia80.3 2.2 1.5 1.7 3.4 3.9 4.5 4.0
Elevated warning
Rank Country 2020 score Change from 2019 Change from 2018 Change from 2017 Change from 2016 Change from 2015 Change from 2014 Change from 2013
56 Solomon Islands79.7 2.2 1.2 1.7 2.2 2.8 3.3 2.1
57 Guatemala79.2 2.2 0.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.1
58 Madagascar79.5 1.4 2.7 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.9
59 Turkey79.1 1.2 1.9 1.4 4.9 7.7 8.1 6.3
60 Lesotho78.3 1.4 0.4 1.6 0.8 0.2 1.5 0.7
61 Tanzania78.1 2.0 0.8 0.9 2.4 1.4 1.4 1.7
62 Nicaragua77.1 1.0 2.8 2.1 3.7 3.7 3.1 3.9
63 Laos76.9 1.8 2.0 1.7 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.0
64 Honduras76.8 1.0 0.5 1.8 2.5 0.9 0.6 1.0
65 Colombia76.6 0.9 0.9 2.3 3.6 5.9 6.5 7.2
66 Tajikistan75.5 2.2 1.8 2.3 4.3 3.9 5.1 5.7
67 Jordan75.4 0.5 0.9 1.9 1.2 0.1 0.1 1.1
68 India75.3 0.9 1.9 1.6 3.3 3.1 0.6 1.2
69 Israel/ West Bank
(weighted average)		75.1 1.4 2.0 0.4 1.2 0.9 1.0 2.3
70 Bolivia75.0 2.1 2.3 1.6 3.3 2.8 3.7 5.6
71 Algeria74.6 0.8 0.4 1.0 2.5 3.8 3.0 2.9
71 Senegal74.6 2.6 2.4 2.7 4.0 3.4 3.2 1.8
73 Kyrgyzstan73.9 2.3 2.4 1.7 2.5 3.6 5.3 7.1
74 Uzbekistan73.1 2.6 3.4 2.4 4.4 6.3 7.2 7.8
75 Brazil73.0 1.2 3.1 0.5 3.4 6.1 7.3 6.6
76 Russia72.6 2.1 2.5 2.0 3.8 2.8 0.7 0.1
77 Benin72.5 1.1 2.1 1.9 3.2 3.1 2.5 2.2
78 Azerbaijan71.3 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.7 2.7 3.2 3.6
79 Georgia71.2 0.8 2.0 2.5 4.9 5.3 8.7 10.2
79 Morocco71.2 1.8 1.0 0.9 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.3
79 Micronesia71.2 1.8 1.4 2.0 2.7 0.8 0.2 1.5
82 Thailand70.8 2.3 1.9 1.2 3.8 4.1 2.0 0.1
83 São Tomé and Príncipe70.3 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.6 3.7 2.5
84 Bosnia and Herzegovina70.2 1.1 1.7 3.3 6.1 4.6 5.2
85 South Africa70.1 1.0 1.8 0.6 3.0 5.9 6.3 5.3
Warning
Rank Country 2020 score Change from 2019 Change from 2018 Change from 2017 Change from 2016 Change from 2015 Change from 2014 Change from 2013
86 Fiji69.9 1.8 2.8 2.4 1.7 2.3 4.5 6.3
86 China69.9 1.2 1.3 2.3 2.5 4.0 6.6 8.5
88 Bhutan69.5 2.5 2.3 1.7 3.3 4.4 6.6 7.5
89 Ecuador69.4 1.8 3.1 3.1 1.4 1.7 3.1 4.4
90 Turkmenistan69.1 2.3 1.2 1.8 3.4 4.9 5.6 4.1
90 Gabon69.1 1.4 2.0 1.3 0.5 1.2 0.3 0.4
93 Ukraine69.0 2.0 1.6 1.4 2.9 3.7 5.4 6.7
93 El Salvador68.9 0.9 0.4 1.9 1.3 0.2 0.8 2.0
94 Saudi Arabia68.8 1.6 0.2 1.0 2.0 1.4 2.9 2.5
95 Tunisia68.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.5 3.7 5.4 4.4
96 Indonesia67.8 2.6 1.9 0.6 2.6 2.7 4.5 5.9
97 Peru67.6 0.6 1.9 0.2 1.9 1.8 2.8 2.2
98 Mexico67.2 2.5 0.8 2.8 1.1 0.3 0.4 1.6
99 Maldives66.2 3.6 0.6 2.0 1.6 1.8 3.0 3.0
100 Serbia66.1 1.9 0.1 1.9 3.9 5.7 3.9 6.3
101 Guyana66.0 2.2 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.4
101 Moldova66.0 1.1 2.4 2.5 3.7 3.5 5.6 7.0
103 Belarus65.8 2.4 2.3 1.9 3.4 5.1 4.5 6.2
104 Paraguay65.2 1.8 2.8 1.8 2.8 1.5 1.8 2.0
105 Namibia65.1 1.3 2.4 1.6 2.3 2.0 2.7 1.6
106 Cape Verde64.8 1.8 1.4 2.1 3.5 5.5 6.1 5.7
107 Dominican Republic64.4 1.8 3.0 0.2 1.6 2.0 4.2 4.0
108 Armenia64.2 2.5 2.8 1.5 0.1 0.2 1.8 1.8
108 Ghana64.2 1.7 2.2 1.6 3.1 3.8 2.6 1.0
110 Vietnam63.9 2.2 2.3 1.8 2.3 4.0 4.3 4.7
110 Bahrain63.9 0.1 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.1 0.3 1.5
112 Samoa63.3 0.9 1.3 1.6 2.1 2.7 3.8 3.2
113 North Macedonia62.1 2.5 0.2 1.3 2.2 0.3 1.6 3.2
114 Belize60.8 1.7 1.2 1.8 2.3 1.6 3.3 3.5
115 Suriname60.1 1.8 2.1 1.9 2.7 4.4 6.6 7.2
116 Jamaica60.0 1.2 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.5 1.8 2.5
Stable
Rank Country 2020 score Change from 2019 Change from 2018 Change from 2017 Change from 2016 Change from 2015 Change from 2014 Change from 2013
117 Kazakhstan59.8 1.8 1.8 2.5 3.1 4.9 5.1 6.4
118 Cuba59.2 1.7 2.1 1.7 3.4 4.5 7.9 9.9
119 Albania58.8 0.1 1.2 0.4 1.1 1.8 3.5 5.1
120 Malaysia57.6 2.9 3.0 1.8 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.5
121 Botswana57.1 2.4 2.5 1.8 1.5 0.8 2.5 2.0
122 Brunei56.6 0.9 2.3 1.8 2.2 3.2 3.8 3.4
123 Cyprus56.1 1.7 2.5 2.3 3.7 5.9 7.6 6.7
124 Montenegro55.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.1 0.4 0.9
125 Grenada55.2 2.4 2.3 1.6 3.1 3.5 5.3 4.7
126 Seychelles54.7 0.5 1.6 2.6 3.4 5.3 6.9 7.2
127 Greece52.1 1.8 1.4 2.2 0.6 2.7 3.2 4.7
127 Antigua and Barbuda52.1 2.3 1.2 0.8 0.6 2.2 3.4 2.4
129 Trinidad and Tobago51.9 1.1 1.6 2.1 3.2 4.1 6.7 8.0
129 Mongolia51.9 2.2 0.8 1.8 1.7 2.1 3.2 2.9
131 Kuwait50.9 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.6 1.6 3.1 3.7
More stable
Rank Country 2020 score Change from 2019 Change from 2018 Change from 2017 Change from 2016 Change from 2015 Change from 2014 Change from 2013
132 Bahamas49.9 1.1 0.2 2.4 1.6 1.6 4.1 4.7
133 Bulgaria49.2 1.4 1.1 2.0 2.0 3.7 2.7 3.3
134 Oman48.0 2.0 2.6 0.1 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.6
135 Hungary47.6 2.0 0.6 1.8 2.5 1.1 1.9 2.6
136 Romania46.7 1.1 1.6 1.5 3.5 4.8 7.5 8.0
137 Barbados46.4 1.6 0.2 1.4 0.8 1.1 3.2 2.6
138 Croatia46.1 1.4 1.2 1.9 3.7 2.3 4.2 5.4
139 Argentina46.1 0.1 0.1 2.1 2.3 1.5 1.2
140 Panama46.0 1.0 2.5 1.2 3.7 5.1 6.2 6.3
141 Qatar43.7 1.7 2.7 4.1 3.0 1.8 0.8 1.0
142 Chile42.5 3.6 1.8 0.4 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.6
143 Italy42.4 1.4 1.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.8
144 Latvia42.3 1.6 1.0 1.5 2.5 3.7 3.1 3.0
145 Poland41.0 1.8 1.4 0.7 0.8 1.7 0.6 0.6
146 Spain40.4 0.3 0.7 3.5 1.6 0.5 1.7 3.0
147 Costa Rica40.2 1.8 1.2 0.9 1.9 3.5 5.3 5.5
Very stable
Rank Country 2020 score Change from 2019 Change from 2018 Change from 2017 Change from 2016 Change from 2015 Change from 2014 Change from 2013
148 Estonia38.5 2.3 2.2 1.7 0.4 0.8 2.2 2.3
149 United Kingdom38.3 1.6 2.4 1.1 1.9 0.9 1.1
149 United States38.3 0.3 0.3 2.1 3.7 2.4 2.3 4.2
151 Slovakia38.2 2.3 2.5 1.8 2.4 0.1 2.8 2.8
152 United Arab Emirates38.1 2.0 2.7 0.9 1.7 3.4 4.8 4.5
153 Mauritius37.2 1.7 1.6 1.2 2.7 4.7 5.6 4.0
154 Lithuania36.5 1.6 1.3 2.3 3.0 3.6 3.8 3.6
155 Czech Republic35.7 1.9 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.6 0.4 0.9
156 Malta33.6 0.9 1.7 2.4 3.4 4.7 6.8 6.2
157 Uruguay33.4 0.6 1.4 1.4 0.8 1.1 2.5 3.0
158 Japan32.3 2.0 0.2 2.9 0.6 1.5 1.8 1.6
159 South Korea32.0 1.7 2.0 2.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.3
160 France30.5 1.5 0.2 1.3 2.3 1.5 2.6 0.4
Sustainable
Rank Country 2020 score Change from 2019 Change from 2018 Change from 2017 Change from 2016 Change from 2015 Change from 2014 Change from 2013
161 Belgium27.1 1.5 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.7 2.3 1.2
162 Singapore26.3 1.8 2.3 2.1 2.5 4.0 5.5 3.6
163 Slovenia25.8 2.2 2.3 2.1 3.6 1.3 2.3 2.0
164 Austria24.1 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.3 0.2 2.3 0.7
165 Portugal23.5 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.4 5.8 5.3
166 Germany23.2 1.5 1.1 2.3 2.8 2.3 4.8 3.9
167 Netherlands22.9 1.9 1.4 1.2 2.0 0.6 2.4 0.7
Very sustainable
Rank Country 2020 score Change from 2019 Change from 2018 Change from 2017 Change from 2016 Change from 2015 Change from 2014 Change from 2013
168 Ireland19.9 0.7 0.1 1.6 1.8 4.0 5.4 4.1
169 Australia19.7 1.1 1.5 1.7 3.5 5.5 4.6
170 Luxembourg18.8 1.6 0.4 2.6 3.3 1.4 3.8 2.5
171 Canada18.7 1.3 1.5 1.1 2.3 4.2 5.9 4.5
172 Sweden18.2 2.1 0.5 1.3 1.8 0.6 0.6 1.1
173 New Zealand17.9 2.2 0.8 1.7 0.4 1.7 3.2 1.8
174 Iceland17.8 2.0 0.5 2.2 2.5 3.1 5.6 4.4
175 Denmark17.2 2.3 0.3 1.7 1.7 1.7 3.0 2.1
176  Switzerland17.1 1.6 0.5 1.9 2.6 3.1 4.1 2.3
177 Norway16.2 1.8 0.3 2.2 2.9 2.5 4.7 3.2
178 Finland14.6 2.3 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.1 0.8 0.1

Most improved and worsened countries

Following are the most improved and worsened countries in FSI 2019.[6] As per J.J. Messner, the executive director of the Fund for peace, countries improve at different paces and eventually face setbacks. However on average, world has been becoming less fragile every year.

Most improved countries in 2019
Rank Country 2019 score Change from 2018
1 Ethiopia94.2 5.4
2 Kenya93.5 3.8
3 Uzbekistan75.7 3.4
4   Nepal84.7 3.2
5 Gambia83.9 3.2
6 Iraq99.1 3.1
7 Ecuador71.2 3.0
8 Dominican Republic66.2 3.0
9 Malaysia60.5 3.0
10 Zimbabwe99.5 2.8
11 Timor-Leste85.5 2.8
12 Fiji71.7 2.8
13 Armenia66.7 2.8
Most worsened countries in 2019
Rank Country 2019 score Change from 2018
1 Venezuela89.3 3.1
2 Brazil71.8 3.1
3 Nicaragua78.1 2.8
4 United Kingdom36.7 2.4
5 Togo87.4 2.3
6 Cameroon97.0 1.7
7 Poland42.8 1.4
8 Mali94.1 1.0
9 Yemen113.5 0.8
10 Tanzania80.1 0.8
11 Honduras77.8 0.5
12 United States38.0 0.3

Following summarizes biggest long term improvements & losses by countries between 2009 and 2019. Former Soviet states have continued to dominate the list of most improved countries. Notably, among most improved countries, some continue to be restrictive and autocratic.

Most improved countries (2009–19)
Rank Country 2019 score Change from 2009
1 Georgia72.0 19.8
2 Cuba60.8 19.8
3 Moldova67.1 18.0
4 Uzbekistan75.7 17.1
5 Bhutan72.0 15.3
6 Zimbabwe99.5 14.5
7 Malta34.5 14.3
8 Belarus68.2 14.1
9 Trinidad and Tobago53.0 13.7
10 Indonesia70.4 13.7
11 Romania47.8 13.5
12 Colombia75.7 13.5
13 China71.1 13.5
14 Bolivia72.9 13.4
15 Turkmenistan71.4 12.9
16 Kyrgyzstan76.2 12.9
17 Sri Lanka84.0 12.7
18 Panama47.0 12.7
19 Croatia47.5 12.6
20 Tajikistan77.7 12.6
Most worsened countries (2009–19)
Rank Country 2019 score Change from 2009
1 Libya92.2 22.8
2 Syria111.5 21.7
3 Mali94.1 15.8
4 Yemen113.5 15.4
5 Venezuela89.3 9.8
6 Mozambique88.7 8.0
7 Greece53.9 7.8
8 Eritrea96.4 6.1
9 Gambia83.9 4.9
10 Bahrain63.8 4.8
11 Djibouti85.1 4.5
12 United States38.0 4.0
13 South Africa71.1 3.7
14 Central African Republic108.9 3.5
15 United Kingdom36.7 3.1
16 Japan34.3 3.1
17 Senegal77.2 3.0
18 Eswatini85.3 2.9
19 Angola87.8 2.8
20 Oman50.0 2.8

References
  1. "What Does "State Fragility" Mean?". Fund for Peace. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  2. "Failing States: SOS". The Economist. June 19, 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
  3. Bloom, David E. (May 5, 2011). "Africa's Daunting Challenges". New York Times. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
  4. "Fragile States Index 2020". The Fund for Peace. 11 May 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
  5. "Fragile States Index and CAST Framework Methodology". The Fund for Peace.
  6. "Fragile States Index 2019". The Fund for Peace. 10 April 2019. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
  7. "Fragile States Index 2018: Issues of Fragility Touch the World's Richest and Most Developed Countries in 2018". The Fund for Peace. 19 April 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
  8. Fragile State Index 2017.The Fund for Peace
  9. Fragile State Index 2016.The Fund for Peace
  10. Fragile State Index 2015.The Fund for Peace
  11. Fragile State Index 2014.The Fund for Peace
  12. Fragile State Index 2013.The Fund for Peace
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