Kurmali language

Kurmali
	Panchpargania
	কুড়মালি, কুর্মালী, कुड़मालि, କୁଡ଼ମାଲି
Native to	India
Region	Assam, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal[1]
Native speakers	556,089 (2011 census)[2]; Census results conflate some speakers with Bengali, Odia and Hindi.
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Eastern Group Magadhi Prakrit Eastern Zone (Magadhan) Bihari Kurmali; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Official status
Official language in	India (Jharkhand, West Bengal)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either:; kyw – Kurmali; tdb – Panchpargania
Glottolog	kudm1238 Kudmali[3]; panc1246 Panchpargania[4]
	Kurmali-speaking region of India

Kurmali (Devanagari: कुङमालि, Bengali: কুর্মালী,কুড়মালি , Odia :କୁଡ଼ମାଲି / କୁର୍ମାଲି, kur(a)mālī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in eastern India. Kurmali is generally linked to the Kudumi Mahato (also known as Kurmi, Mahanta or Mohanta) community of Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal. Kurmali is also spoken by the Kudumi people of Assam, and was brought to the tea gardens from Bihar, Odisha and West Bengal. Intellectuals claim that Kurmali may be the nearest form of language used in Charyapada.[5] As a trade dialect, it is known as Panchpargania (Bengali:পঞ্চপরগনিয়া), for the "five districts" of the region it covers, or Tamaria. Kurmali is a traditional language of Kurmi community.

Geographical Distribution

Kurmali language is spoken in south-east Jharkhand in Seraikela Kharswan, East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum and Ranchi districts; north-eastern Odisha in Mayurbhanj, Kendujhar, Jajpur and Sundargarh district; and in western West Bengal in Purulia and Jhargram districts.

Alternate names

Names for the language include Bedia (from the Bedia caste), Dharua, Khotta, Pan Sawasi, Tanti, Tair, and Chik Baraik.

Kurumali sub dialect of Mayurbhanja state

Kurumali sub dialect of Mayurbhanja state agrees very closely with the Kurmali Thar of Manbhum.[6]

Trade language

Panchpargania is the common language for communication for Bundu, Tamar, Silli, Sonahatu, Arki & Angara blocks of Ranchi district of Jharkhand state.

References

"Kudmali". Ethnologue. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
"Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011" (PDF). www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kudmali". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Panchpargania". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
Basu, Sajal (1994). Jharkhand movement: ethnicity and culture of silence – Sajal Basu – Google Books. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
"Kurumali sub dialect of Mayurbhanja state". Linguistic Survey of India by G A.Grierson.

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[1] "Kudmali". Ethnologue. Retrieved 18 May 2019.

[2] "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011" (PDF). www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.

[Glottolog-3] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kudmali". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[Glottolog2-4] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Panchpargania". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[5] Basu, Sajal (1994). Jharkhand movement: ethnicity and culture of silence – Sajal Basu – Google Books. Retrieved 25 August 2012.

[6] "Kurumali sub dialect of Mayurbhanja state". Linguistic Survey of India by G A.Grierson.