Fethiye

Historic map of Fethiye by Piri Reis

Modern Fethiye is located on the site of the ancient city of Telmessos, the ruins of which can be seen in the city, e.g. the Hellenistic theatre by the main quay.

A Lycian legend explains the source of the name Telmessos as follows: The god Apollo falls in love with the youngest daughter of the King of Phoenicia, Agenor. He disguises himself as a small dog and thus, gains the love of the shy, withdrawn daughter. After he reappears as a handsome man, they have a son, who they name 'Telmessos' (the land of lights).

The city became part of the Persian Empire after the invasion of the Persian general Harpagos in 547 BC, along with other Lycian and Carian cities. Telmessos then joined the Attic-Delos Union (Delian League) established in mid-5th century BC. and, although it later left the union and became an independent city, it continued its relations with the union until the 4th century BC.

Telmessos Theatre – the sign on site says it was late Hellenistic, with stage added in c. 200 AD, abandoned with the city, excavated in 1992–95, and with seating capacity for 6,000 spectators on 28 rows.

Very little is known of the city during the Byzantine times. Surviving buildings attest to considerable prosperity during late Antiquity, but most were abandoned in the 7th–8th centuries due to the Arab-Byzantine Wars. The city was fortified in the 8th century, and appears as "Telmissos or Anastasioupolis" ca. 800. By the 10th century, the ancient name was forgotten and it became known as Makre or Makri (Μάκρη, "long one"), from the name of the island at the entrance to the harbour.[4] There are signs of renewed prosperity in the 12-13th centuries: the city walls were enlarged, a report from 1106 names Makre a centre for perfume production, and geographical works from the 13th century describe the city as a commercial centre. The area fell to the Turks in the late 12th or early 13th century.[5]

Telmessos was ruled by the Anatolian beylik of Menteşe starting in 1284, under the name Beskaza.

It became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1424, and was called مكرى Meğri until 1934.[6]

A view from central Fethiye

The town grew considerably in the 19th century, and had a large Greek population at that time.[4] Following the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, the Greeks of Makri were sent to Greece where they founded the town of Nea Makri (New Makri) in Greece.[4] The town was resettled with Turks from Greece. At nearby Kayaköy, formerly Levissi, the abandoned Greek Orthodox church is still standing.

In 1934, the city was renamed Fethiye in honor of Captain Fethi Bey, one of the first pilots of the Ottoman Air Force, who died (together with First Lieutenant Sadık Bey) during an airplane crash on 27 February 1914 near Al-Samra, while attempting to complete the first flight from Istanbul to Cairo.[7]

Fethiye has experienced many earthquakes. Last significant ones date to 1957 and 1961, with 67 casualties and 3200 damaged buildings after 25 April 1957 earthquake.[8] The town has been rebuilt since then and now has a modern harbor and a marina.

Lycian rock tomb in Fethiye (4th century BCE).

On 3 August 1953, Air France Flight 152, while en route from Rome to Beirut, ditched into the Gulf of Fethiye off Kızılada. Of the 8 crew and 34 passengers on board, four drowned. The survivors were hosted by the residents during their stay in the town.[9][10][11]

Ölüdeniz Beach in Fethiye District

The Tomb of Amyntas in Fethiye.

Fethiye is one of Turkey's well-known tourist centres and is especially popular during the summer.

Lycian tomb in Fethiye

The Fethiye Museum, which is very rich in ancient and more recent artifacts, displays and testifies to the successive chain of civilizations that existed in the area, starting with the ancient Lycians.

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  Fethiye Museum Ceramic
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  Fethiye Museum Gold ceremonial bowl
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  Fethiye Museum Gold laurel wreath
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  Fethiye Museum Bilingual inscription
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  Fethiye Museum Dolls
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  Fethiye Museum Kakasbos
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  Fethiye Museum Lagynos
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  Fethiye Museum Hadrian statue
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  Fethiye Museum Girl statue
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  Fethiye Museum Letoon temple floor decoration

Fethiye is also home to the Tomb of Amyntas, a large tomb built in 350 BC by the Lycians.[12]

Some of the other historical sites worth visiting are: Kadyanda (Cadyanda) Ancient City, Kayaköy- old Greek town, Afkule, Gemiler and Aya Nikola. Most popular touristic towns of Fethiye are: Ölüdeniz, Calis Beach area, Hisaronu and Ovacik.[13]

The island Kızılada in the Gulf of Fethiye, which is 4 mi (6.4 km) off the city,[14] is a popular stopover for boat tours. Alternatively, there are great diving sites Afkule being one of the most famous.[15] The Kızılada Lighthouse on the island houses a seafood restaurant and a hostel with nine rooms.[16]

Butterfly Valley is in the Fethiye district.

Fethiye has a Mediterranean climate consisting of very hot, long and dry summers with an average of 34 °C (93 °F) in the daytime, winters are cool and rainy with a daytime average of 16 °C (61 °F).

Dalaman Airport serves the Fethiye areas. The most common type of public transportation in Fethiye and nearby area is minibus. It is called here dolmus (dol-moosh) and numerous routes connect Fethiye with Oludeniz, Yaniklar, Kargi, Hisaronu, Ovacik, Seydikemer, Karaçulha.[18]

The overall metropolitan area of the city of Fethiye stretches inland from the harbour for more than seven miles, incorporating several villages into the city. To the north of the city centre is the area of Çaliş Plaji (Beach), which incorporates the main street of Bariş Manço Bulvari alongside an extensive promenade along the coast, on which a lot of hotels are based. This beach serves as Fethiye's beach in its own right, since Fethiye does not actually have one itself. To the east, lie the areas of Gunlukbaşi, Çamkoy, Cumhuriyet, and also Esenköy to the south-east. The city centre is defined as the area between the Marina and the Fethiye Market near the football stadium. Approximately two miles to the south-west and south respectively, lie the towns of Kayaköy and Ölüdeniz, the latter being world-famous for its beach spit and associated Blue Lagoon. The opportunity to para glide is available from the mountain of Babadağ next to Öludeniz.

• Turkish Riviera
• Marinas in Turkey
• Göcek, Fethiye
• Seydikemer
• Kayaköy