Barium nitrate

Barium nitrate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ba(NO3)2. It, like most barium salts, is colorless, toxic, and water-soluble. It burns with a green flame and is an oxidizer; the compound is commonly used in pyrotechnics.[3]

Barium nitrate
Names
Other names
Barium dinitrate,
, barium salt
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.006
EC Number
  • 233-020-5
RTECS number
  • CQ9625000
UNII
UN number 1446
Properties
Ba(NO3)2
Molar mass 261.337 g/mol
Appearance white, lustrous crystals
Odor odorless
Density 3.24 g/cm3
Melting point 592 °C (1,098 °F; 865 K) (decomposes)
4.95 g/100 mL (0 °C)
10.5 g/100 mL (25 °C)
34.4 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility insoluble in alcohol
-66.5·10−6 cm3/mol
1.5659
Structure
cubic
Hazards
Safety data sheet See: data page
GHS pictograms
GHS Signal word Danger
GHS hazard statements
 H272, H301, H302, H319, H332
P210, P220, P221, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+310, P301+312, P304+312, P304+340, P305+351+338, P312, P321, P330, P337+313, P370+378, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterHealth code 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasReactivity code 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g. hydrogen peroxideSpecial hazards (white): no code
0
3
3
Flash point noncombustible[1]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
355 mg/kg (oral, rat)
187 mg/kg (rat, oral)[2]
79 mg Ba/kg (rabbit, oral)
421 mg Ba/kg (dog, oral)[2]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 0.5 mg/m3[1]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.5 mg/m3[1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 50 mg/m3[1]
Supplementary data page
Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic
data
 Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Manufacture, occurrence, and reactions

Barium nitrate is manufactured by two processes that start with the main source material for barium, the carbonate. The first involves dissolving barium carbonate in nitric acid, allowing any iron impurities to precipitate, then filtered, evaporated, and crystallized. The second requires combining barium sulfide with nitric acid.[3]

It occurs naturally as the very rare mineral nitrobarite.[4]

At elevated temperatures, barium nitrate decomposes to barium oxide:

2Ba(NO3)2 → 2BaO + 4NO2 + O2

Applications

Barium nitrate is used in the production of BaO-containing materials.

Military

Although no longer produced, Baratol is an explosive composed of barium nitrate, TNT and binder; the high density of barium nitrate results in baratol being quite dense as well. Barium nitrate mixed with aluminium powder, a formula for flash powder, is highly explosive. It is mixed with thermite to form Thermate-TH3, used in military thermite grenades. Barium nitrate was also a primary ingredient in the "SR 365" incendiary charge used by the British in the De Wilde incendiary ammunition with which they armed their interceptor fighters, such as the Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire, during the Battle of Britain.[5] It is also used in the manufacturing process of barium oxide, the vacuum tube industry and for green fire in pyrotechnics.

Safety

Like all soluble barium compounds, barium nitrate is toxic by ingestion or inhalation.[6]

Solutions of sulfate salts such as Epsom salts or sodium sulfate may be given as first aid for barium poisoning, as they precipitate the barium as the insoluble (and non-toxic) barium sulfate.

Inhalation may also cause irritation to the respiratory tract.

While skin or eye contact is less harmful than ingestion or inhalation, it can still result in irritation, itching, redness, and pain.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health have set occupational exposure limits at 0.5 mg/m3 over an eight-hour time-weighted average.[7]

References
  1. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0046". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. "Barium (soluble compounds, as Ba)". Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. Kresse, Robert; Baudis, Ulrich; Jäger, Paul; Riechers, H. Hermann; Wagner, Heinz; Winkler, Jocher; Wolf, Hans Uwe (2007). "Barium and Barium Compounds". In Ullman, Franz (ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_325.pub2.
  4. Mindat, http://www.mindat.org/min-2918.html
  5. Williams, Anthony G; Emmanuel Gustin (2004). "THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN: ARMAMENT OF THE COMPETING FIGHTERS". Flying Guns: World War 2. Crowood Press. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2012. The B. Mk VI 'De Wilde' incendiary (named after the original Belgian inventor but in fact completely redesigned by Major Dixon), which contained 0.5 grams of SR 365 (a composition including barium nitrate which ignited on impact with the target) was twice as effective as these, scoring one in five.
  6. Barium Nitrate
  7. CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Salts and covalent derivatives of the nitrate ion
HNO3 He
LiNO3 Be(NO3)2 B(NO
3)−
4		 RONO2 NO−
3
NH4NO3		 O FNO3 Ne
NaNO3 Mg(NO3)2 Al(NO3)3 Si P S ClONO2 Ar
KNO3 Ca(NO3)2 Sc(NO3)3 Ti(NO3)4 VO(NO3)3 Cr(NO3)3 Mn(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2
Fe(NO3)3		 Co(NO3)2
Co(NO3)3		 Ni(NO3)2 CuNO3
Cu(NO3)2		 Zn(NO3)2 Ga(NO3)3 Ge As Se Br Kr
RbNO3 Sr(NO3)2 Y(NO3)3 Zr(NO3)4 Nb Mo Tc Ru(NO3)3 Rh(NO3)3 Pd(NO3)2
Pd(NO3)4		 AgNO3
Ag(NO3)2		 Cd(NO3)2 In Sn Sb(NO3)3 Te I Xe(NO3)2
CsNO3 Ba(NO3)2   Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt(NO3)2
Pt(NO3)4		 Au(NO3)3 Hg2(NO3)2
Hg(NO3)2		 TlNO3
Tl(NO3)3		 Pb(NO3)2 Bi(NO3)3
BiO(NO3)		 Po(NO3)4 At Rn
FrNO3 Ra(NO3)2   Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
↓
La(NO3)3 Ce(NO3)3
Ce(NO3)4		 Pr(NO3)3 Nd(NO3)3 Pm(NO3)3 Sm(NO3)3 Eu(NO3)3 Gd(NO3)3 Tb(NO3)3 Dy(NO3)3 Ho(NO3)3 Er(NO3)3 Tm(NO3)3 Yb(NO3)3 Lu(NO3)3
Ac(NO3)3 Th(NO3)4 PaO2(NO3)3 UO2(NO3)2 Np(NO3)4 Pu(NO3)4 Am(NO3)3 Cm(NO3)3 Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
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