Anal language

Anāl
Native to	India and Burma
Region	Southeast Manipur
Ethnicity	Anal people
Native speakers	120,000 (2011 census)[1]
Language family	Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman) Anāl; ;
Dialects	Langet?;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	anm
Linguist List	qfs Langet
Glottolog	anal1239[2]

Anāl, also known as Pakan Naga after the two principal villages it is spoken in, is a Southern Naga language, part of the Sino-Tibetan language family, spoken by the Anal people in India and a dwindling number in Burma. It had 83,000 speakers in India according to the 2001 census, and 55000 in Burma in 2010.[1] It has two principal clans, murchal and Moshum, and is closest to Lamkang. The language of wider communication is Meithei. Anal is written in the Latin script,[3] with a literacy rate of about 87%.[1]

History

The Namfau (Anal Naga) language started to be written down in the 19-20th century.

Geographical distribution

Anal is spoken in Chandel district, southeastern Manipur, on the banks of the Chakpi River in Chandel, Chakpikarong, and Tangnoupal subdivisions (Ethnologue).

Alphabet

The Latin alphabet is used. It consists of 26 letters.

Vocabulary

The following vocabulary exemplifies words in the language.[4]

Anal	gloss	Anal	gloss
khol	'deep hole'; 'social division'	ahno	'kind of short skirt'
lunguin	'kind of long shawl'	zupar	'rice beer'
piruili	'elopement'	Jol min	'bride price'
ithin	'divorce'	sinnuperu	'adultery'
pakum	'hearth'	mote	'first-born'
kopu	'second-born'	cakhow	'brown rice'
khon	'fifty rupees'	thunlon	'grave'
dao	'kind of iron blade'	shingkho	'plate'
vopum	'basket'	athiru	'kind of marble necklace'
akarfo	'kind of China necklace'	sanamba	'kind of fiddle'
tilli	'kind of flageolet'	tuklee	'kind of loom'

References

Anāl at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Anal". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
Bareh 2007, p. 120
Bareh 2007, pp. 119–128

External Links

ELAR collection: A community-driven documentation of natural discourse in Anal, an endangered Tibeto-Burman language deposited by Pavel Ozerov

Bibliography

Bareh, Hamlet (2007). Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Manipur. III. New Delhi: Mittai. ISBN 81-7099-790-9. Retrieved 12 July 2011.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Prakash, Col Ved (2007). Encyclopaedia of North-East India. New Delhi: Atlantic. ISBN 81-269-0708-8. Retrieved 12 July 2011.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[e18-1] Anāl at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[Glottolog-2] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Anal". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[B120-3] Bareh 2007, p. 120

[4] Bareh 2007, pp. 119–128