Sangtam language
Sangtam, also called Thukumi, Isachanure, or Lophomi, is a Naga language spoken in northeast India. It is spoken in Kiphire District and in the Longkhim-Chare circle in Tuensang district, Nagaland, India.
| Sangtam | |
|---|---|
| Thukumi | |
| Lophomi | |
| Native to | Nagaland, India |
| Region | East-central Nagaland, Tuensang and Khiphire districts |
| Ethnicity | Sangtam |
Native speakers | 76,000 (2011 census)[1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | nsa |
| Glottolog | sang1321[2] |
Dialects
Ethnologue lists the following dialects of Sangtam.
- Kizare
- Pirr (Northern Sangtam)
- Phelongre
- Thukumi (Central Sangtam)
- Photsimi
- Purr (Southern Sangtam)
The standardized dialect of Sangtam is based on the Tsadanger village speech variety.
Phonology
Sangtam is unusual in having two stops with bilabial trilled release, /t̪͡ʙ, t̪͡ʙ̥ʰ/.[3]
| Labial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||
| Plosive | plain | p | t̪ | ʈ | c | k | ʔ | |||
| aspirated | pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | cʰ | kʰ | |||||
| Affricate | plain | t͡ʙ̥ | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ||||||
| aspirated | t͡ʙ̥ʰ | t͡sʰ | t͡ʃʰ | |||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | (f) | s | ʃ | x | h | ||||
| voiced | (v) | (z) | ||||||||
| Approximant | l | ɹ | j | |||||||
All phonemes with /t/ are dental
/ʈ/ is realised like /ʈʵ/
| Front | Back | ||
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Open/ Open-mid |
a | ʌ | |
All vowels can have high, mid, or low tone
References
- "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Sangtam Naga". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Coupe (2015) "Prestopped bilabial trills in Sangtam", Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Glasgow, 10–14 August 2015
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