Xanthelasma

Xanthelasma
Synonyms Xanthelasma palpebrarum
Pronunciation
  • /ˌzænθɪˈlæzmə/
Specialty Ophthalmology Edit this on Wikidata

Xanthelasma is a sharply demarcated yellowish deposit of cholesterol underneath the skin, usually on or around the eyelids.[1] While they are neither harmful to the skin nor painful, these minor growths may be disfiguring and can be removed.[1] There is no high-quality evidence that xanthelasma deposits are related to blood low-density lipoprotein levels or increased risk of atherosclerosis.[2]

A xanthelasma may be referred to as a xanthoma when becoming larger and nodular, assuming tumorous proportions.[3] Xanthelasma is often classified simply as a subtype of xanthoma.[4]

Treatment

Xanthelasmata can be removed with a trichloroacetic acid peel, surgery, lasers or cryotherapy. Removal may cause scarring and pigment changes, but it is an uncommon side-effect of treatment.

Prognosis

Recurrence is common: 40% of patients with XP had recurrence after primary surgical excision, 60% after secondary excision, and 80% when all four eyelids were involved. A possible cause might be insufficiently deep excisions. [5]

Epidemiology

Xanthelasma is a rare disorder in the General population, with a variable incidence of 0.56%–1.5% in western developed countries. The age of onset ranges ranges from 15 to 75 with a peak in the 4th to 5th decades of life. There also seems to be a greater prevalance in females, but this might be due to higher consciousness to cosmetic defects[6]

Etymology

The word is derived from Greek xanthós, ξανθός , "yellow" and élasma, έλασμα, "foil". The plural is xanthelasmata.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Frew JW, Murrell DF, Haber RM (October 2015). "Fifty shades of yellow: a review of the xanthodermatoses". International Journal of Dermatology. 54 (10): 1109–23. doi:10.1111/ijd.12945. PMID 26227781.
  2. ↑ Ozdöl S, Sahin S, Tokgözoğlu L (August 2008). "Xanthelasma palpebrarum and its relation to atherosclerotic risk factors and lipoprotein (a)". International Journal of Dermatology. 47 (8): 785–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03690.x. PMID 18717856.
  3. ↑ Shields C, Shields J (2008). Eyelid, conjunctival and orbital tumors: atlas and textbook. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-7578-7.
  4. ↑ Xanthelasma. Mosby's Medical Dictionary (8th ed.). 2009. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
  5. ↑ Nair PA, Singhal R (2017-12-18). "Xanthelasma palpebrarum - a brief review". Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology. 11: 1–5. doi:10.2147/CCID.S130116. PMC 5739544. PMID 29296091.
  6. ↑ Jain A, Goyal P, Nigam PK, Gurbaksh H, Sharma RC (September 2007). "Xanthelasma Palpebrarum-clinical and biochemical profile in a tertiary care hospital of Delhi". Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. 22 (2): 151–3. doi:10.1007/BF02913335. PMC 3453794. PMID 23105704.
Classification
External resources
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