Vidhan Parishad

India
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Article 169 of the Constitution of India provides for the establishment of a Vidhan Parishad. The Vidhan Parishad or Legislative Council is the upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral legislature. As of 2017, seven (7) (out of twenty-nine) states have a Legislative Council.^[1] They are elected by local bodies, legislative assembly, governor, graduates, teacher, etc. Odisha, too, is planning to make a legislative council. And members are known as MLC. There is timing of 6 years of vidhan parishad

Membership

Each Member of the Legislative Council (MLC) serves for a six-year term, with terms staggered so that the terms of one third of a council's membership expire every two years. This arrangement parallels that for the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India.

MLCs must be citizens of India, at least 30 years old, mentally sound, not an insolvent, and on the voters' list of the state for which he or she is contesting an election. He or she may not be a Member of Parliament at the same time.

The size of the Vidhan Parishad cannot be more than one third of the membership of the Vidhan Sabha. However, its size cannot be less than 40 members (except in Jammu and Kashmir, where there are 36 by an Act of Parliament.)

MLCs are chosen in the following manner:

• One third are elected by members of local bodies such as municipalities, gram sabhas/gram panchayats, panchayat samitis and Zila Parishads.
• One third are elected by members of Legislative Assemblies of the State from among the persons who are not members of the Assembly.
• One sixth are nominated by the governor from persons having knowledge or practical experience in fields such as literature, science, arts, the co-operative movement and social service.
• One twelfth are elected by persons who are graduates of three years' standing residing in that state.
• One twelfth are elected by persons engaged for at least three years in teaching in educational institutions within the state not lower than secondary schools, including colleges and universities.

List of Vidhan Parishads

• Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council
• Bihar Legislative Council
• Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council
• Karnataka Legislative Council
• Maharashtra Legislative Council
• Telangana Legislative Council
• Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council

Proposed Vidhan Parishads

The existence of a Legislative Council has proven politically controversial. A number of states that have had their Council abolished have subsequently requested its re-establishment; conversely, proposals for the re-establishment of the Council for a state have also met with opposition. Proposals for abolition or re-establishment of a state's Legislative Council require confirmation by the Parliament of India.

• Assam Vidhan Parishad, which was abolished and wants reconstruction.
• Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Parishad, which was abolished and wants reconstruction.
• Punjab Vidhan Parishad, which was abolished and wants reconstruction.
• Tamil Nadu Vidhan Parishad, whish was abolished and wants reconstruction.
• West Bengal Vidhan Parishad, which was abolished and wants reconstruction.
• Odisha Vidhan Parishad, which wants construction.
• Rajasthan Vidhan Parishad, which wants construction.
• Uttarakhand Vidhan Parishad, which wants construction.

See also

• Legislative assembly
• Legislative council

References