United States Army Transportation Corps class S100

USATC S100 class
Former Southern Railway USA class No. 65 preserved at the Kent and East Sussex Railway
Type and origin Power type Steam Designer Howard G. Hill Builder Davenport Locomotive Works (109), H. K. Porter, Inc (150), Vulcan Iron Works (123) Build date 1942–1944 Total produced 382
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 0-6-0T  • UIC C nt Gauge 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge Driver dia. 4 ft 6 in (1,372 mm) Minimum curve 150 ft (45.72 m) radius Length 29 ft 6 in (8.99 m) Width 9 ft 0 in (2.74 m) Height 12 ft 1 5⁄8 in (3.70 m) Loco weight 100,650 lb (45,654 kilograms) Fuel type Coal or Oil Fuel capacity 2,500 lb (1,130 kilograms) coal, or 300 US gallons (1,100 l; 250 imp gal) oil Water cap 1,200 US gallons (4,500 l; 1,000 imp gal) Firebox:  • Firegrate area First 50: 19.4 sq ft (1.80 m2), Remainder: 18.3 sq ft (1.70 m2) Boiler pressure 210 lbf/in2 (1.45 MPa) Heating surface 876 sq ft (81.4 m2)  • Tubes 790 sq ft (73 m2)  • Firebox 86 sq ft (8.0 m2) Superheater None Cylinders Two, outside Cylinder size 16.5 in × 24 in (419 mm × 610 mm) Valve gear Outside Walschaerts Valve type 8-inch (203 mm) piston valves
Performance figures Tractive effort 21,630 lbf (96.2 kN) Factor of adh. 4.65
Career Operators USATC

The United States Army Transportation Corps (USATC) S100 Class is a 0-6-0 steam locomotive that was designed for switching (shunting) duties in Europe and North Africa during World War II. Several were later used on railways in Austria, Great Britain, France, Greece, Italy, Yugoslavia, Palestine, Iraq, Iran, the Netherlands, Israel and China.

Wartime development and use

The S100 is a side tank design by Col. Howard G. Hill. In 1942, the USATC ordered 382 S100s from Davenport Locomotive Works of Iowa, H. K. Porter, Inc, of Pittsburgh and Vulcan Iron Works of Wilkes-Barre. They were shipped to Great Britain in 1943 where they were stored until 1944. After D-Day, they were shipped to Continental Europe.

Construction

Use after the Second World War

After the Second World War, SNCF bought 77 S100's and designated them class 030TU. Jugoslovenske železnice (Yugoslav State Railways) bought many S100's and designated them class 62. In the 1950s JŽ assembled more examples bringing the number of class 62 to 129. The Hellenic State Railways in Greece acquired 20 S100's and designated them class Δα (Delta-alpha). Österreichische Bundesbahnen in Austria acquired 10 and designated them class 989. Ferrovie dello Stato in Italy acquired four and designated them class 831.

The Oranje-Nassau Mijnen, a coal mining company in The Netherlands acquired two S100's (USATC 4389 and 1948)and numbered them ON-26 (Davenport 2533) and ON-27 (Davenport 2513) respectively. The ON-26 survived the scrapyard and was sold to the museum railway Stoomtrein Goes-Borsele.^[1]

The Southern Railway (GB) bought 15 S100's (14 for operational use and one for spare parts) and designated them USA Class. Other S100's entered British industrial use with the National Coal Board, Longmoor Military Railway, Austin Motor Company and others.

China acquired about 20 S100's, designating them class XK2. In 1946, Egyptian State Railways bought eight and numbered them 1151–1158.^[2] The UK War Department loaned six to Palestine Railways. In 1946 PR bought two of these, both of which subsequently entered the stock of Israel Railways in 1948.^[3]

Iraqi State Railways bought five, designated them Class SA, and gave them fleet numbers 1211-1215.^[4] All five were Davenport-built examples. At least two were still in service in March 1967: 1211 at Basrah^[5] and 1214 as the station pilot at Baghdad West.^[6]

Post-war design influence

Several European railways produced designs based on the S100. JŽ added to their Class 62 by ordering several similar examples from Đuro Đaković (factory) of Slavonski Brod, Croatia. These differed in minor details, principally the use of plate frames instead of bar frames, resulting in a higher boiler pitch. This gives the steam pipes a shoulder instead of being straight, and requires smaller domes with a flatter top to fit JŽ's loading gauge.

Poland built several TKh Ferrum Fablok TKh49 locomotives. These have a similar outline but include various differences such as the use of 2 domes instead of 3, driving onto the second axle instead of the third, a different cab, etc.

The British Great Western Railway (GWR) had used many S100s in South Wales during the Second World War. The GWR 1500 Class was partially inspired by the S100 in its use of outside cylinders and short wheelbase.

Original drawings for the S100, dated 29 November 1941

Continuing commercial use

A small number of former JŽ 62's remain in commercial service, more than 65 years after they were built. At least two work as switchers (shunters) at the ArcelorMittal steel plant in Zenica, Bosnia-Hercegovina.^[7]

Survival and preservation

More than 100 S100s survive: either preserved, stored or derelict. Most are in Europe or North America but there are also two in China and one in Egypt. Project 62 has an online database of them.^[8]

Private owners in Baraboo, Wisconsin are currently restoring S100 #5002. #5002 was used for the Naval Yards in Philadelphia, PA, and later sold to the EJ Lavino Company in Pennsylvania, then sold to the Kentucky Railroad Museum.

Gallery

• 
  Southern Railway (GB) USA Class at Eastleigh locomotive depot in February 1967. Photo: Keith Chambers
• 
  Yugoslav Railways (JŽ) No. 62 070 shunts between Zidani Most and Maribor in August 1971.
• 
  Locomotive (7461 of 1942; originally USATC 5001), operated by the California State Railroad Museum in Sacramento.
• 
  Locomotive 4383 preserved in Longueville dépôt (France).
• 
  Locomotive 4389 in Goes (Davenport No. 2533)

References

External links

• USA 0-6-0T Southern E-Group
• Loc 4389 Stoomtrein Goes-Borsele
• Project 02