Taxonomy of invertebrates (Brusca & Brusca, 2003)

The taxonomy of invertebrates as proposed by Richard C. Brusca and Gary J. Brusca in 2003 is a system of classification with emphasis on the invertebrates, in other words, a way to classify animals, primarily those which have no backbone.[1]

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes (Eukaryota, or Eukarya)

Kingdom Animalia (Metazoa)

Parazoa

Phylum Porifera

Mesozoa

Phylum Placozoa
Phylum Monoblastozoa
Phylum Rhombozoa
Phylum Orthonectida

Eumetazoa

Radiata
Phylum Cnidaria
  • Subclass Ceriantipatharia
Phylum Ctenophora
Bilateria

The authors divide the bilaterians in three informal groups:

  • acoelomates (phyla Platyhelminthes, Gastrotricha, Entoprocta, Gnathostomulida, Cycliophora)
  • blastocoelomate (or pseducoelomate, phyla Rotifera, Kinorhyncha, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Acanthocephala, Loricifera)
  • coelomates (or eucoelomates, phyla Nemertea, Priapula, Annelida, Sipuncula, Echiura, Onychophora, Tardigrada, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Phoronida, Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, Echinodermata, Chaetognatha, Hemichordata, Chordata).

Several groups traditionally viewed as having a blastocoelomate condition are viewed here as acoelomates (e.g., Gastrotricha, Entoprocta, Gnathostomulida).

Some of the coelomates groups (e.g., Arthropoda, Mollusca) have greatly reduced celomic spaces; often the main body cavity is a bloodfilled space called a hemocoel, and is associated with an open circulatory system.

The Brachiopoda, Ectoprocta and Phoronida are viewed as lophophorates.

In a phylogeny,[2] the bilaterians are divided in:

Phylum Platyhelminthes
Phylum Nemertea
Phylum Rotifera
  • Class Digonata
Phylum Gastrotricha
Phylum Kinorhyncha
Phylum Nematoda (= Nemata)
Phylum Nematomorpha
  • Order Nectonematoidea
  • Order Gordioidea
Phylum Priapula
Phylum Acanthocephala
Phylum Entoprocta (= Kamptozoa)
  • Family Loxosomatidae
  • Family Loxokalypodidae
  • Family Pedicellinidae
  • Family Barentsiidae
Phylum Gnathostomulida
Phylum Loricifera
Phylum Cycliophora
Phylum Annelida
  • Class Polychaeta, with 25 orders and 87 families (not all are listed)
  • Order Haplotaxida, with 25 families (not all are listed)
  • Subclass Hirudinoidea
Phylum Sipuncula
  • Class Phascolosomida
  • Order Golfingiaformes
Phylum Echiura
  • Order Echiuroinea
  • Order Xenopneusta
  • Order Heteromyota
Phylum Onychophora
Phylum Tardigrada
Phylum Arthropoda
  • Order Lepstostraca
  • Subclass Notostigmophora
  • Subclass Pleurostigmophora
  • Superfamily Mygalomorpha
Phylum Mollusca
  • Order Lepidopleurida
  • Order Ischnochitonida
  • Order Acanthochitonida
Phylum Phoronida
Phylum Ectoprocta (= Bryozoa)
Phylum Brachiopoda
Phylum Echinodermata
  • Subclass Aspidochirotacea
  • Subclass Apodacea
Phylum Chaetognatha
Phylum Hemichordata
Phylum Chordata

References

  1. ↑ Richard C. Brusca & Gary J. Brusca (2003). Invertebrates (2nd ed.). Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-097-5.
  2. ↑ Richard C. Brusca & Gary J. Brusca (2003), p. 875.
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