Uloboridae
| Uloboridae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Uloborus plumipes | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Uloboridae Thorell, 1869 |
| Diversity | |
| 18 genera, 262 species | |
 | |
Uloboridae is a family of nonvenomous spiders, known as cribellate orb weavers or hackled orb weavers. Their lack of venom glands is a secondarily evolved trait. Instead, they wrap their prey thoroughly in silk, cover it in regurgitated digestive enzymes, and then ingest the liquified body.[1]
All members of this family produce a feathery, fuzzy silk called cribellate (or hackled) silk.[2] These spiders do not use an adhesive on their orb webs, but rather the very fine fibers on each strand of silk tend to ensnare prey. Uloboridae webs often have a stabilimentum or zig-zag pattern through the center.
Distribution
This family has an almost worldwide distribution. Only two species are known from Northern Europe: Uloborus walckenaerius and Hyptiotes paradoxus. Similarly occurring solely in northern North America (e.g. southern Ontario) is Uloborus glomosus.
Genera
- Ariston O. P-Cambridge, 1896 (Central America)
- Astavakra Lehtinen, 1967 (Philippines)
- Conifaber Opell, 1982 (South America)
- Daramulunia Lehtinen, 1967 (Samoa, Fiji, New Hebrides)
- Hyptiotes Walckenaer, 1837 (Palearctic)
- Lubinella Opell, 1984 (New Guinea)
- Miagrammopes O. P.-Cambridge, 1870 (America, Austrasia)
- Octonoba Opell, 1979 (Russia, Central Asia to Japan)
- Orinomana Strand, 1934 (South America)
- Philoponella Mello-Leitão, 1917 (Africa, America, Asia, Australia)
- Polenecia Lehtinen, 1967 (Mediterranean to Azerbaijan)
- Purumitra Lehtinen, 1967 (Australia, Philippines)
- Siratoba Opell, 1979 (USA, Mexico)
- Sybota Simon, 1892 (South America)
- Tangaroa Lehtinen, 1967 (Oceania)
- Uloborus Latreille, 1806 (worldwide)
- Waitkera Opell, 1979 (New Zealand)
- Zosis Walckenaer, 1842 (Pantropical)
See also
References
- ↑ http://www.stri.si.edu/sites/publications/PDFs/2006_Weng_et_a_Can_JZool.pdf
- ↑ Jonathan A. Coddington & Herbert W. Levi (1991). "Systematics and evolution of spiders (Araneae)" (PDF). Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 22: 565–592. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.22.1.565. JSTOR 2097274. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-02.
- Brent D. Opell (1984). "Lubinella, a new genus of Uloboridae (Arachnida, Araneae)" (PDF). Journal of Arachnology. 11: 441–446. JSTOR 3705054.
External links
- World Spider Catalog
