Tanaidacea

Tanaidacea
Tanaissus lilljeborgi
(a tanaid from the North Sea)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Malacostraca
Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Tanaidacea
Dana, 1849
Suborders
  • Anthracocaridomorpha †
  • Apseudomorpha
  • Tanaidomorpha

The crustacean order Tanaidacea (known as tanaids) make up a minor group within the class Malacostraca. There are about 940 species in this order.

Description

Tanaids are small, shrimp-like creatures ranging from 0.5 to 120 millimetres (0.020 to 4.7 in) in adult size, with most species being from 2 to 5 millimetres (0.08 to 0.2 in). Their carapace covers the first two segments of the thorax. There are three pairs of limbs on the thorax; a small pair of maxillipeds, a pair of large clawed gnathopods, and a pair of pereiopods adapted for burrowing into the mud. Unusually among crustaceans, the remaining six thoracic segments have no limbs at all, but each of the first five abdominal segments normally carry pleopods. The final segment is fused with the telson and carries a pair of uropods.[1]

The gills lie on the inner surface of the carapace. The thoracic limbs wash water towards the mouth, filtering out small particles of food with the mouthparts or maxillipeds. Some species actively hunt prey, either as their only food source, or in combination with filter feeding.[1]

Habitat

Most are marine, but some are also found in freshwater coastal habitat or estuaries. The majority of species are bottom-dwellers in shallow water environments, but a few live in very deep water, exceeding for some species 9,000 metres (30,000 ft). In some deep sea environment, they represent the most abundant and diverse fauna to be found.

Life cycle

Tanaids do not undergo a true planktonic stage. The early developmental period is spent while young are within the marsupium of the mother. Subsequently, post-larvae, called mancas, emerge as epibenthic forms. Some species are hermaphroditic.[1]

Taxonomy

The order Tanaidacea is divided into the following sub-orders, superfamilies and families:[2]

  • Suborder Anthracocaridomorpha †
      • Family Anthracocarididae † Brooks, 1962 emend. Schram, 1979
      • Family Niveotanaidae † Polz, 2005
  • Suborder Apseudomorpha
    • Superfamily Apseudoidea Leach, 1814
      • Family Apseudellidae Gutu, 1972
      • Family Apseudidae Leach, 1814
      • Family Gigantapseudidae Kudinova-Pasternak, 1978
      • Family Kalliapseudidae Lang, 1956
      • Family Metapseudidae Lang, 1970
      • Family Numbakullidae Gutu & Heard, 2002
      • Family Pagurapseudidae Lang, 1970
      • Family Pagurapseudopsididae Gutu, 2006
      • Family Parapseudidae Gutu, 1981
      • Family Sphaeromapseudidae Larsen, 2012
      • Family Sphyrapodidae Gutu, 1980
      • Family Tanzanapseudidae Bacescu, 1975
      • Family Whiteleggiidae Gutu, 1972
    • Superfamily Cretitanaoidea † Schram, Sieg, Malzahn, 1983
      • Family Cretitanaidae † Schram, Sieg & Malzahn, 1986
    • Superfamily Jurapseudoidea † Schram, Sieg & Malzahn, 1986
      • Family Jurapseudidae † Schram, Sieg & Malzahn, 1986
      • Genus Palaeotanais † Reiff, 1936
  • Suborder Tanaidomorpha
    • Superfamily Neotanaoidea Sieg, 1980
      • Family Neotanaidae Lang, 1956
    • Superfamily Paratanaoidea Lang, 1949
      • Family Agathotanaidae Lang, 1971
      • Family Akanthophoreidae Sieg, 1986
      • Family Alavatanaidae † Vonk & Schram, 2007
      • Family Anarthruridae Lang, 1971
      • Family Colletteidae Larsen & Wilson, 2002
      • Family Cryptocopidae Sieg, 1977
      • Family Heterotanoididae Bird, 2012
      • Family Leptocheliidae Lang, 1973
      • Family Leptognathiidae Sieg, 1976
      • Family Mirandotanaidae Blazewicz-Paszkowycz & Bamber, 2009
      • Family Nototanaidae Sieg, 1976
      • Family Paratanaidae Lang, 1949
      • Family Paratanaoidea incertae sedis
      • Family Pseudotanaidae Sieg, 1976
      • Family Pseudozeuxidae Sieg, 1982
      • Family Tanaellidae Larsen & Wilson, 2002
      • Family Tanaissuidae Bird & Larsen, 2009
      • Family Tanaopsidae Błażewicz-Paszkowycz & Bamber, 2012
      • Family Teleotanaidae Bamber, 2008
      • Family Typhlotanaidae Sieg, 1984
    • Superfamily Tanaidoidea Nobili, 1906

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 768–769. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
  2. ↑ WoRMS (2018). "Tanaidacea". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved May 7, 2018.

Data related to Tanaidacea at Wikispecies

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