South American Datum

Geodesy
Fundamentals
Geodesy Geodynamics Geomatics Cartography History
Concepts
Geographical distance Geoid Figure of the Earth Geodetic datum Geodesic Geographic coordinate system Horizontal position representation Latitude / Longitude Map projection Reference ellipsoid Satellite geodesy Spatial reference system Spatial relations
Technologies
Global Nav. Sat. Systems (GNSSs) Global Pos. System (GPS) Galileo (Europe) GLONASS (Russia) BeiDou (BDS) (China) NAVIC (India) Quasi-Zenith Sat. Sys. (QZSS) (Japan) Discrete Global Grid and Geocoding
Standards (History)
NGVD 29 Sea Level Datum 1929 OSGB36 Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936 SK-42 Systema Koordinat 1942 goda ED50 European Datum 1950 SAD69 South American Datum 1969 GRS 80 Geodetic Reference System 1980 ISO 6709 Geographic point coord. 1983 NAD 83 North American Datum 1983 WGS 84 World Geodetic System 1984 NAVD 88 N. American Vertical Datum 1988 ETRS89 European Terrestrial Ref. Sys. 1989 GCJ-02 Chinese obfuscated datum 2002 Geo URI Internet link to a point 2010 International Terrestrial Reference System Spatial Reference System Identifier (SRID) Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)

The South American Datum (SAD) is a regional geodesic datum for South America. It was established in Brazil by SIRGAS 2000, and was made official in 2005.

SAD69

SAD was established as the regional geodetic datum for South America in 1969. This datum includes the Brazilian Geodetic System (Sistema Geodésico Brasileiro, or SGB), and uses the geoid as defined by the ellipsoid of the Geodetic Reference System - SGR-67 - accepted and recommended by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics at Lucerne in 1967. This ellipsoid is defined from the parameters:

• Topocentric orientation:
  • an axis of rotation parallel to the Earth's axis of rotation; plan meridian parallel to the Greenwich Meridian;
• Topocentric orientation: considered planimetric datum, the Vertex Chuá chain triangulation of parallel 20° South, in Minas Gerais:
  • geodetic latitude = 19° 45' 41.6527" S
  • astronomical latitude = 19° 45' 41.34" S
  • geodetic longitude = 48° 06' 04.0639" W
  • astronomical longitude = 48° 06' 07.80" W
  • Geodetic Azimuth = 271° 30' 04.05" SWNE; Astronomical Azimuth = 271° 30' 05.42" SWNE for VT-Uberaba
  • geodetic undulation N = 0.0 meters
• SGB Altimetry datum coincides with the equipotential surface that contains the mean sea level, defined by the tide gauge observations taken in Imbituba, on the coast at Santa Catarina.