International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics

International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
Abbreviation	IUGG
Formation	1919
Type	INGO
Location	Potsdam, Germany;
Region served	Worldwide
Official language	English, French
President	Michael Sideris (Canada)
Vice President	Kathryn Whaler (UK)
Secretary General	Alik Ismail-Zadeh (Germany/Russia)
Treasurer	Aksel W. Hansen (Denmark)
Website	IUGG Official website

German stamp about the IUGG General Assembly in 1983, Hamburg

The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG; French: Union géodésique et géophysique internationale, UGGI) is an international non-governmental organisation dedicated to the scientific study of the Earth and its space environment using geophysical and geodetic techniques.

The IUGG was established in Brussels, Belgium in 1919.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Some areas within its scope are environmental preservation, reduction of the effects of natural hazards, and mineral resources.

Objectives

IUGG's objectives are the promotion and coordination of studies related to Earth's physical, chemical and mathematical representation. This includes geometrical shape, internal structure, gravity and magnetic fields, seismicity, volcanism, hydrologic cycle, glaciers, oceans, atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere of Earth. It also includes solar, lunar and planetary studies.^[5]

Structures

The IUGG consists of eight semi-autonomous associations:^[6]

International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS)
International Association of Geodesy (IAG)
International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA)
International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS)
International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS)
International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO)
International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (IASPEI)
International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI)

It has also established six commissions to promote interdisciplinary problems:^[7]

Climatic and Environmental Changes (CCEC)
Mathematical Geophysics (CMG)
Geophysical Risk and Sustainability (GRC)
Study of the Earth's Deep Interior (SEDI)
Data and Information (UCDI)
Planetary Sciences (UCPS)

and the Union Working Group on History.

General Assemblies, Presidents, and Secretaries General

List of General Assemblies, Presidents, and Secretaries-General.^[8]

Nr.	Year	General Assembly in		President			Secretary-General
27.	2019	Montreal	Canada
26.	2015	Prague	Czech Republic	2015-2019	Michael Sideris	Canada	2015-2019	Alik Ismail-Zadeh	Germany Russia
25.	2011	Melbourne	Australia	2011-2015	Harsh Gupta	India	2011-2015	Alik Ismail-Zadeh	Germany Russia
24.	2007	Perugia	Italy	2007-2011	Tom Beer	Australia	2007-2011	Alik Ismail-Zadeh	Germany Russia
23.	2003	Sapporo	Japan	2003-2007	Uri Shamir	Israel	2003-2007	JoAnn Joselyn	United States
22.	1999	Birmingham	United Kingdom	1999-2003	Masaru Kono	Japan	1999-2003	JoAnn Joselyn	United States
21.	1995	Boulder	United States	1995-1999	P.J. Wyllie	United States	1995-1999	Georges Balmino	France
20.	1991	Vienna	Austria	1991-1995	H. Moritz	Austria	1991-1995	Georges Balmino	France
19.	1987	Vancouver	Canada	1987-1991	V.I. Keilis-Borok	Soviet Union	1987-1991	Baron Paul Melchior	Belgium
18.	1983	Hamburg	West Germany	1983-1987	D. Lal	India	1983-1987	Baron Paul Melchior	Belgium
17.	1979	Canberra	Australia	1979-1983	G.D. Garland	Canada	1979-1983	Baron Paul Melchior	Belgium
16.	1975	Grenoble	France	1975-1979	A. Ashour	Egypt	1973-1979	Baron Paul Melchior	Belgium
15.	1971	Moscow	Soviet Union	1971-1975	H. Charnock	United Kingdom	1973-1991	Baron Paul Melchior	Belgium
14.	1967	Zurich	Switzerland	1967-1971	J. Coulomb	France	1967-1973	G.D. Garland	Canada
13.	1963	Berkeley	United States	1963-1967	J. Kaplan	United States	1963-1967	G.D. Garland	Canada
12.	1960	Helsinki	Finland	1960-1963	V.V. Beloussov	Soviet Union	1960-1963	G.R. Laclavère	France
11.	1957	Toronto	Canada	1957-1960	J.T. Wilson	Canada	1957-1960	G.R. Laclavère	France
10.	1954	Rome	Italy	1954-1957	K.R. Ramanathan	India	1954-1957	G.R. Laclavère	France
9.	1951	Brussels	Belgium	1951-1954	S. Chapman	United Kingdom	1951-1954	G.R. Laclavère	France
8.	1948	Oslo	Norway	1948-1951	F.A. Vening Meinesz	Netherlands	1946-1951	J.M. Stagg	United Kingdom
7.	1939	Washington DC	United States	1946-1948	B. Helland-Hansen	Norway	1939-1946	H. St. J.L. Winterbotham	United Kingdom
6.	1936	Edinburgh	United Kingdom	1936-1942	D. La Cour	Denmark	1936-1939	H. St. J.L. Winterbotham	United Kingdom
5.	1933	Lisbon	Portugal	1933-1936	W. Bowie	United States	1933-1936	H. St. J.L. Winterbotham	United Kingdom
4.	1930	Stockholm	Sweden	1919-1933	C. Lallemand	France	1930-1933	H. St. J.L. Winterbotham	United Kingdom
3.	1927	Prague	Czechoslovakia	1919-1933	C. Lallemand	France	1927-1930	Sir Henry Lyons	United Kingdom
2.	1924	Madrid	Spain	1919-1933	C. Lallemand	France	1924-1927	Sir Henry Lyons	United Kingdom
1.	1922	Rome	Italy	1919-1933	C. Lallemand	France	1919-1924	Sir Henry Lyons	United Kingdom

References

↑ Lyons, Henry G. (1919). "The Brussels Meeting of the International Research Council". Nature. 103 (2598): 464–466.
↑ Cochrane, Rexmond C. (1978). The National Academy of Sciences: The First Hundred Years, 1863-1963. National Academies.
↑ Good, Gregory A. (2000). "The Assembly of Geophysics: Scientific Disciplines as Frameworks of Consensus". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics. 31 (3): 259–292. Bibcode:2000SHPMP..31..259G. doi:10.1016/S1355-2198(00)00018-6.
↑ Ismail-Zadeh, Alik (2016). "Geoscience international: the role of scientific unions". Hist. Geo Space Sci. 7: 103–123.
↑ Burchfiel, B. C. (1987) International Role of U.S. Geoscience US National Academies page 32
↑ "Associations of the IUGG". International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
↑ "Union Commissions". International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
↑ IUGG - Bureau of the Union. Retrieved 01/07/2015.

External links

IUGG official website

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[1] Lyons, Henry G. (1919). "The Brussels Meeting of the International Research Council". Nature. 103 (2598): 464–466.

[Cochrane-2] Cochrane, Rexmond C. (1978). The National Academy of Sciences: The First Hundred Years, 1863-1963. National Academies.

[3] Good, Gregory A. (2000). "The Assembly of Geophysics: Scientific Disciplines as Frameworks of Consensus". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics. 31 (3): 259–292. Bibcode:2000SHPMP..31..259G. doi:10.1016/S1355-2198(00)00018-6.

[4] Ismail-Zadeh, Alik (2016). "Geoscience international: the role of scientific unions". Hist. Geo Space Sci. 7: 103–123.

[5] Burchfiel, B. C. (1987) International Role of U.S. Geoscience US National Academies page 32

[6] "Associations of the IUGG". International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. Retrieved 2 May 2014.

[7] "Union Commissions". International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. Retrieved 2 May 2014.

[Bureau-8] IUGG - Bureau of the Union. Retrieved 01/07/2015.

Geophysics
Overview	Outline Geophysicists
Subfields	Geophysical fluid dynamics Geodesy Geodynamics Geomagnetism Mathematical geophysics Mineral physics Near-surface geophysics Paleomagnetism Seismology Tectonophysics
Physical phenomena	Chandler wobble Coriolis effect Earth's magnetic field Geodynamo Geothermal gradient Gravity of Earth Mantle convection Precession of the equinoxes Seismic wave Tides
Organizations	American Geophysical Union American Meteorological Society Canadian Geophysical Union Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers European Geosciences Union International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Royal Astronomical Society Society of Exploration Geophysicists Seismological Society of America
Category Earth science Commons

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International scientific unions	International Astronomical Union (IAU) International Brain Research Organization (IBRO) International Cartographic Association (ICA) International Geographical Union (IGU) International Mathematical Union (IMU) International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine (IUPESM) International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics (IUPAB) International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (IUAES) International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS) International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST) International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) International Union of History and Philosophy of Science (IUHPS) International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) International Union of Materials Research Societies (IUMRS) International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS) International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS) International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS) International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS) International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) International Union of Radio Science (URSI) International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS) International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM) International Union of Toxicology
Scientific associates	Academia de Ciencias de América Latina (ACAL) Engineering Committee on Oceanic Resources (ECOR) Federation of Asian Scientific Academies and Societies (FASAS) International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR) International Commission for Acoustics (ICA) International Commission for Optics (ICO) International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS) International Council for Scientific and Technical Information (ICSTI) International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) International Federation of Societies for Microscopy (IFSM) International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) International Foundation for Science (IFS) International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) International Union for Vacuum Science, Technique and Applications (IUVSTA) International Union of Speleology (UIS) International Water Association (IWA) Pacific Science Association (PSA) Society for Social Studies of Science (4S) The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS)