International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame

ITRF reference stations

The International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) describes procedures for creating reference frames suitable for use with measurements on or near the Earth's surface. This is done in much the same way that a physical standard might be described as a set of procedures for creating a realization of that standard. The ITRS defines a geocentric system of coordinates using the SI system of measurement.

An International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) is a realization of the ITRS. New ITRF solutions are produced every few years, using the latest mathematical and surveying techniques to attempt to realize the ITRS as precisely as possible. Due to experimental error, any given ITRF will differ very slightly from any other realization of the ITRF. The difference between the latest WGS84 and the latest ITRF is only a few centimeters.[1]

Practical navigation systems are in general referenced to a specific ITRF solution, or to their own coordinate systems which are then referenced to an ITRF solution. The ITRS and ITRF solutions are maintained by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS).

The Galileo Terrestrial Reference Frame (GTRF) is used for the Galileo navigation system; currently defined as ITRF2005. GTRF is defined by the European Space Agency (ESA).

ITRF solutions

The ITRF realizations developed from the ITRS since 1992 include[2]

Name Epoch Notes
ITRF92 1992.0 First realization of the ITRS
ITRF93 1993.0
ITRF94 1994.0
ITRF96 1996.0
ITRF97 1997.0
ITRF2000 2000.0 First solution that combines unconstrained space geodesy solutions without a tectonic plate motion model[3]
ITRF2005 2005.0 Constructed with input data under the form of time series of station positions and Earth Orientation Parameters[4]
ITRF2008 2008.0 Includes tropospheric modeling and improved solution methods.[5]
ITRF2014 2014.0 Generated with an enhanced modeling of nonlinear station motions[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Clynch, James R. (February 2006). "Earth coordinates" (PDF). GPS Geodesy and Geophysics. James R. Clynch. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  2. ↑ "International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014 (ITRF2014)". confluence.qps.nl. Quality Positioning Services BV (SAAB). Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  3. ↑ Altamimi, Zuheir; Sillard, Patrick; Boucher, Claude (2002). "ITRF2000: A new release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame for earth science applications". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 107 (B10): ETG 2-1–ETG 2-19. Bibcode:2002JGRB..107.2214A. doi:10.1029/2001JB000561.
  4. ↑ Altamimi, Z.; Collilieux, X.; Legrand, J.; Garayt, B.; Boucher, C. (2007). "ITRF2005: A new release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame based on time series of station positions and Earth Orientation Parameters". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 112 (B9). Bibcode:2007JGRB..112.9401A. doi:10.1029/2007JB004949.
  5. ↑ Altamimi, Zuheir; Collilieux, Xavier; Métivier, Laurent (3 February 2011). "ITRF2008: an improved solution of the international terrestrial reference frame". Journal of Geodesy. 85 (8): 457–473. Bibcode:2011JGeod..85..457A. doi:10.1007/s00190-011-0444-4.
  6. ↑ Altamimi, Zuheir; Rebischung, Paul; Métivier, Laurent; Collilieux, Xavier (2016). "ITRF2014: A new release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame modeling nonlinear station motions". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 121 (8): 6109–6131. Bibcode:2016JGRB..121.6109A. doi:10.1002/2016JB013098.
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