Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore

Archdiocese of Baltimore
Archidioecesis Baltimorensis
Location
Country  United States
Territory The City of Baltimore and nine counties across central and western Maryland
Ecclesiastical province Baltimore
Statistics
Area 4,801 km2 (1,854 sq mi)
Population
- Total
- Catholics
(as of 2015)
3,216,626
509,491 (15.8%)
Parishes 144
Information
Denomination Catholic
Sui iuris church Latin Church
Rite Roman Rite
Established November 6, 1789 (228 years)
Cathedral Cathedral of Mary Our Queen
Co-cathedral Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Patron saint Immaculate Conception
St. Ignatius of Loyola[1]
Current leadership
Pope Francis
Metropolitan Archbishop William E. Lori
Auxiliary Bishops Mark E. Brennan
Adam J. Parker
Emeritus Bishops Denis J. Madden
Map
Website
www.archbalt.org

The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Baltimore (Latin: Archidioecesis Baltimorensis) is the premier (or first) see of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States. The archdiocese comprises the City of Baltimore and 9 of Maryland's 23 counties in the central and western portions of the state: Allegany, Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Frederick, Garrett, Harford, Howard, and Washington. The archdiocese is the metropolitan see of the larger regional Ecclesiastical Province of Baltimore.

The Archdiocese of Baltimore is the oldest diocese in the United States whose see city was entirely within the nation's boundaries when the United States declared its independence in 1776. The Holy See granted the Archbishop of Baltimore the right of precedence in the nation at liturgies, meetings, and Plenary Councils on August 15, 1859.[2] Although the Archdiocese of Baltimore does not enjoy "primatial" status, it is the premier episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America, as "prerogative of place".

Within the archdiocese are 518,000 Catholics, 145 parishes, 545 priests (244 diocesan priests, 196 priests resident in diocese), 159 permanent deacons, 55 brothers, 803 sisters, 205 lay extraordinary ministers of Holy Communion, five hospitals, 28 aged homes, 7 diocesan/parish high schools, 13 private high schools, and 4 Catholic colleges/universities

The Archdiocese of Baltimore has two major seminaries: St. Mary's Seminary and University in Baltimore and Mount St. Mary's Seminary in Emmitsburg.[3][4]

This archdiocese was featured in the Netflix documentary The Keepers exposing the sexual abuse history at Archbishop Keough High School and the murder of Sister Catherine Cesnik in 1969. It was revealed in late 2016 that the Archdiocese of Baltimore had paid off numerous settlements since 2011 for abuse victims.[5]

History

Before and during the American Revolutionary War, the Catholics in Great Britain's thirteen colonies in America (and also its colonies in Canada) were under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the bishop of the Apostolic Vicariate of the London District, in England. After the Treaty of Paris, signed September 3, 1783, ended the war, Maryland clergy delivered a petition to the Holy See, on November 6, 1783, for permission for the missionaries in the United States to nominate a superior who would have some of the powers of a bishop. In response, Pope Pius VI on June 6, 1784, confirmed Father John Carroll, who had been selected by his brother priests, as Superior of the Missions in the newly independent thirteen United States of North America, with power to give the sacrament of confirmation. This act established a hierarchy in the United States and removed the Catholic Church in the U.S. from the authority of the Vicar Apostolic of the London District.

The Holy See then established the Apostolic Prefecture of the United States on November 26, 1784. Because Maryland was one of the few regions of the colonial United States with a substantial Roman Catholic population, the apostolic prefecture was elevated to become the Diocese of Baltimore—the first diocese in the United States—on November 6, 1789.[6] In 1790, Father Carroll traveled to England where he was ordained and consecrated as a bishop in Lulworth Castle in Dorset, by Bishop Charles Walmesley, O.S.B.

On April 8, 1808, Pope Pius VII erected the suffragan dioceses of Boston,[7] New York,[8] Philadelphia,[9] and Bardstown in Bardstown, Kentucky, which moved in 1841 to the larger city of Louisville,[10] from the territory of the Diocese of Baltimore and simultaneously raised it to the rank of metropolitan archdiocese, thereby making it the "Archdiocese of Baltimore". The newly established "Province of Baltimore"—whose metropolitan was the Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Baltimore—comprised all of the states and territories of the nation.

The archdiocese again lost territory in following decades with the creation of the Diocese of Richmond (Virginia) on July 11, 1820;[11] and the Diocese of Wilmington (Delaware) on March 3, 1868.[12]

On July 22, 1939, the City of Washington was erected as a separate archdiocese.[13] The archbishop of Baltimore, Michael J. Curley, was simultaneously named the first archbishop of the new Archdiocese of Washington (D.C.) and continued to administer the two archdioceses as a single unit in persona episcopi.[14] The see was temporarily renamed the Archdiocese of Baltimore-Washington, in recognition of the nation's capital. Eight years later, on November 15, 1947, Patrick A. O'Boyle was appointed the second archbishop and first residential archbishop of the Archdiocese of Washington,[14][13] which consequently began to function as a separate diocese. Therefore, the territory of the "new" archdiocese consisting of the District of Columbia and the two Washington suburban and three southern counties of Maryland were permanently separated from the Archdiocese of Baltimore, which was thus reduced to its current extent.[15]

From 1808 until 1847, Baltimore was the only archdiocese in the United States and therefore the entire country was one ecclesiastical province.[6] As the nation's population grew and waves of Catholic immigrants arrived, the Holy See continued to erect new dioceses and elevate certain others to the status of metropolitan archdioceses, which simultaneously became metropolitan sees of new ecclesiastical provinces. Thus, the Province of Baltimore gradually became smaller and smaller. In 1846, the Diocese of Oregon City, now Portland, Oregon was raised to an archdiocese. Following in 1847, the then Diocese of Saint Louis was elevated to an archdiocese and metropolitan see of the new Province of Saint Louis. Also in 1850, the Diocese of New York was raised to an archdiocese. In 1875, the dioceses of Boston and Philadelphia were likewise elevated.

The archdiocese began to publish its diocesan newspaper, The Baltimore Catholic Review since 1913 as the successor to the earlier diocesan publication The Catholic Mirror, published 1833 to 1908. The name has since been shortened to The Catholic Review. In 2012, it changed from weekly to biweekly issues and in December 2015, it transformed again to a monthly magazine.[16]

Plenary Councils of Baltimore

The Plenary Councils of Baltimore were three national meetings of Catholic bishops in the United States in 1852, 1866 and 1884 in Baltimore, Maryland.

  • First Plenary Council of Baltimore (1852): among the decrees were one that required immigrant priests to provide a letter of reference from their previous bishops, and a requirement that marriage banns be published.
  • Second Plenary Council of Baltimore (1866): promulgated the custom of the Churching of women,the blessing of women after giving birth, focusing on blessing and thanksgiving; and set the age for first communion at ten years of age, as well as, handling other ecclesiastical matters.
  • Third Plenary Council of Baltimore (1884): was presided over by Archbishop of Baltimore James Gibbons as Apostolic Delegate. It set six Holy Days of Obligation, and appointed a commission to draft a catechism, and addressed other subjects.

Sexual abuse cases

In 2016 the Archdiocese of Baltimore confirmed that settlements had been paid to past students of Seton Keough High School who were sexual abused by Father A. Joseph Maskell, a priest at the school in the 1960s and '70s.[17][18] In January 1970, a popular English and drama teacher at Archbishop Keough, Sister Cathy Cesnik, was found murdered in the outskirts of the city of Baltimore. Her murder was never solved and is the topic of a true crime documentary The Keepers that was released on Netflix on May 19, 2017.[19] A report released by Pennsylvania Attorney General Josh Shapiro on August 14, 2018 signaled out Bishop and future Cardinal William Keeler for transferring abusive Pennsylvania priest from the Diocese of Harrisburg to the Archdiocese of Baltimore.[20] On August 15, 2018, one day after the Pennsylvania report was published, the Archdiocese of Baltimore announced that a pre K-8 Catholic school scheduled to be opened in 2018 and was to be named for Keeler would no longer bear his name.[21] A church memo written in 1995, the year Long was removed from ministry, revealed that accusations of "inappropriate behavior" had surfaced against Long in 1991 and 1992 during his time in the Archdiocese of Baltimore, and the Pennsylvania report noted that Keeler was notified of accusations of Long sexually abusing children when he was serving as Bishop of Harrisburg in 1987.[22]

Prelature

"Prerogative of Place"

The Archdiocese of Baltimore is led by the prelature of the Archbishop of Baltimore and a corps of auxiliary bishops who assist in the administration of the archdiocese as part of a larger curia. Sixteen people have served as Archbishop of Baltimore; the current archbishop is William E. Lori.[23]

In 1858, the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (Propaganda Fide), with the approval of Pope Pius IX, conferred "Prerogative of Place" on the Archdiocese of Baltimore. This decree gave the archbishop of Baltimore precedence over all other archbishops of the United States (but not cardinals) in councils, gatherings, and meetings of whatever kind of the hierarchy (in conciliis, coetibus et comitiis quibuscumque), regardless of the seniority of other archbishops in promotion or ordination.[6]

Co-Cathedrals

The archbishop is concurrently the pastor of the Cathedral of Mary Our Queen in Homeland in north Baltimore and the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (old Baltimore Cathedral). The older cathedral is located on Cathedral Hill above downtown, near the Mount Vernon-Belvedere neighborhood. Both are called co-cathedrals. The Archbishop appoints a rector for each of the co-cathedrals. The Basilica, built in 1806–1821, is the first cathedral constructed in the United States (within its boundaries at the time). It is considered the mother church of the United States. During the time from the first bishop John Carroll's installation in 1790 to the dedication of the old Baltimore Cathedral in 1821, the bishop's throne ("cathedra") was at St. Peter's Church (first parish in the diocese, founded 1770). It was located two blocks south on the northwestern corner of North Charles Street and West Saratoga Streets, serving as the pro-cathedral with its attached rectory, school and surrounding cemetery. Old St. Peter's was across the street from the "Mother Church of the Anglican Church" in Baltimore, Old St. Paul's Church (Anglican/Episcopal) with four successive buildings at the site beginning in 1730 at the southeast corner of Charles and Saratoga, in downtown, overlooking the harbor. St. Peter's Roman Catholic parish was razed in 1841.

The Archdiocese of Baltimore is one of only five United States dioceses that have two churches serving as cathedrals in the same city, the others being the Diocese of Honolulu; the Diocese of Burlington; the Diocese of Brooklyn and the Archdiocese of Anchorage, Alaska.[24] Other dioceses with two cathedrals have them in separate cities.[25]

Bishops

Bishop John Carroll lays the cornerstone in 1806 for the Cathedral of the Assumption on Cathedral Hill in Baltimore, first Roman Catholic cathedral to be constructed in the United States.

Archbishops of Baltimore

The list of archbishops and their terms of service:

  1. John Carroll, S.J. (1784–1815)
  2. Leonard Neale, S.J. (1815–1817)
  3. Ambrose Maréchal, P.S.S. (1817–1828)
  4. James Whitfield (1828–1834)
  5. Samuel Eccleston, P.S.S. (1834–1851)
  6. Francis Patrick Kenrick (1851–1863)
  7. Martin John Spalding (1864–1872)
  8. James Roosevelt Bayley (1872–1877)
  9. Cardinal James Gibbons (1877–1921)
  10. Michael Joseph Curley (1921–1947)
  11. Francis Patrick Keough (1947–1961)
  12. Cardinal Lawrence Shehan (1961–1974)
  13. William Donald Borders (1974–1989)
  14. Cardinal William Henry Keeler (1989–2007)
  15. Edwin Frederick O'Brien (2007–2011), appointed Pro-Grand Master, and later Grand Master, of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre (elevated to Cardinal in 2012)
  16. William Edward Lori (2012–present)

Coadjutor Bishop

  1. Dominic Laurence Graessel, S.J. (1793)

Auxiliary Bishops

  1. Alfred Allen Paul Curtis (1897–1908), appointed Bishop of Wilmington
  2. Owen Patrick Bernard Corrigan (1908–1929)
  3. Thomas Joseph Shahan (1914–1932)
  4. John Michael McNamara (1927–1947), appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Washington
  5. Lawrence Joseph Shehan (1945–1953), appointed the Bishop of Bridgeport and later the Coadjutor Archbishop and Archbishop of Baltimore
  6. Jerome Aloysius Daugherty Sebastian (1953–1960)
  7. Thomas Austin Murphy (1962–1984)
  8. Thomas Joseph Mardaga (1966–1968), appointed Bishop of Wilmington
  9. Francis Joseph Gossman (1968–1975), Bishop of Raleigh
  10. Philip Francis Murphy (1976–1999)
  11. James Francis Stafford (1976–1982), appointed Bishop of Memphis and later Archbishop of Denver, President of the Pontifical Council for the Laity, and Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary (elevated to the College of Cardinals in 1998)
  12. William Clifford Newman (1984–2003)
  13. John Ricard S.S.J. (1984–1997), appointed Bishop of Pensacola-Tallahassee
  14. Gordon Dunlap Bennett S.J. (1997–2004), appointed Bishop of Mandeville
  15. William Francis Malooly (2000–2008), appointed Bishop of Wilmington
  16. Mitchell T. Rozanski (2004–2014), appointed Bishop of Springfield in Massachusetts
  17. Denis J. Madden (2005-2016)
  18. Mark E. Brennan (2017–present)
  19. Adam J. Parker (2017–present)

Other Affiliated Bishops

The following men began their service as priests in Baltimore before being appointed bishops elsewhere:

Parishes

Operating parishes

NameTownFounded
St. AgnesBaltimore1951[26]
St. Alphonsus (W. Saratoga Street)Baltimore1845[27]
St. Alphonsus RodriguezWoodstock1889[28]
St. AmbroseBaltimore
St. Ambrose (Cumberland)Cumberland1886[29]
St. Andrew by the BayAnnapolis
St. Ann (Greenmount Avenue, Oliver)Baltimore
St. Ann (Grantsville)Grantsville
St. Ann (Hagerstown)Hagerstown
Church of the AnnunciationBaltimore
St. Anthony of PaduaBaltimore
St. Anthony ShrineEmmitsburg
Church of the AscensionHalethorpe1913[30]
St. Athanasius (Curtis Bay)Baltimore
St. Augustine (Elkridge)Elkridge1844[31]
St. Augustine (Williamsport)Williamsport
St. BartholomewManchester
Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin MaryBaltimore1821[32]
St. BenedictBaltimore
St. BernadetteSevern
St. BernardineBaltimore
Blessed SacramentBaltimore
St. BrigidBaltimore
St. CasimirBaltimore
Cathedral of Mary Our QueenBaltimore1959[33]
St. CeciliaBaltimore
St. Charles BorromeoBaltimore
St. ClareBaltimore
St. ClementBaltimore
St. Clement Mary HofbauerBaltimore
Corpus Christi (Mount Royal)Baltimore
Church of the CrucifixionGlen Burnie
St. DominicBaltimore
St. EdwardBaltimore
St. Elizabeth of HungaryBaltimore1895[34]
St. Elizabeth Ann SetonCrofton
St. Francis de SalesAbingdon
St. Francis Xavier (Baltimore)Baltimore
St. Francis of Assisi (Baltimore)Baltimore
St. Francis of Assisi (Brunswick)Brunswick
St. Francis of Assisi (Fulton)Fulton
St. Francis Xavier (Hunt Valley)Hunt Valley
St. GabrielBaltimore
Church of the Good ShepherdGlen Burnie
St. Gregory the GreatBaltimore
Holy Cross (South Baltimore-Federal Hill)Baltimore
Holy Family (Davidsonville)Davidsonville
Holy Family (Middletown)Middletown
Holy Family (Randallstown)Randallstown1876[35]
Holy Korean MartyrsBaltimore
Holy RosaryBaltimore
Church of the Holy SpiritJoppa
Holy Trinity Catholic ChurchGlen Burnie
St. Ignatius (Mount Vernon-Belvedere)Baltimore
St. Ignatius (Hickory)Forest Hill, Bel Air
St. Ignatius LoyolaFrederick
Church of the Immaculate Conception (Baltimore)Baltimore
Church of the Immaculate Conception (Towson)Towson
Immaculate Heart of MaryBaltimore
St. Isaac JoguesBaltimore
St. JamesBoonsboro
St. Jane Frances de ChantalPasadena
St. Joan of ArcAberdeen
St. John NeumannAnnapolis
St. John the Evangelist (Columbia)Columbia
St. John the Evangelist (Frederick)Frederick
St. John the Evangelist (Long Green Valley)Hydes
St. John the Evangelist (Severna Park)Severna Park
St. John (Westminster)Westminster
St. Joseph (Fullerton)Baltimore
St. Joseph’s Passionist Monastery (Irvington)Baltimore
St. Joseph (Cockeysville-Texas)Cockeysville
St. Joseph (Sykesville)Eldersburg
St. Joseph (Emmitsburg)Emmitsburg
St. Joseph-On-Carrollton ManorFrederick
St. Joseph (Hagerstown)Hagerstown
St. Joseph (Midland)Midland
St. Joseph (Odenton)Odenton
St. Joseph (Taneytown)Taneytown
St. Katharine DrexelFrederick
St. Lawrence MartyrHanover
St. LeoBaltimore
St. LouisClarksville
St. LukeBaltimore
St. Mary MagdalenBel Air
St. MargaretBel Air
St. Mark (Catonsville)Baltimore
St. Mark (Fallston)Fallston
St. Mary (Annapolis)Annapolis
St. Mary, Star of the Sea (South Baltimore-Riverside)Baltimore
St. Mary of the Assumption (Govans)Baltimore
St. Mary (Cumberland)Cumberland
St. Mary (Hagerstown)Hagerstown
St. Mary of the AnnunciationLonaconing
St. Mary (Petersville)Petersville
St. Mary of the Assumption (Pylesville)Pylesville
St. MatthewBaltimore
St. Michael the ArchangelOverlea
St. Michael (Clear Spring)Clear Spring
St. Michael (Frostburg)Frostburg
St. Michael (Poplar Springs-Mt. Airey)Mount Airy
Most Precious BloodBaltimore
Nativity of Our Lord Jesus ChristTimonium
New All SaintsBaltimore
Our Lady of FatimaBaltimore
Our Lady of Good Counsel (Locust Point)Baltimore
Our Lady of GraceParkton
Our Lady of HopeBaltimore
Our Lady of LaVangBaltimore
Our Lady of Mount Carmel (Frederick)Thurmont
Our Lady of Mount Carmel (Middle River)Baltimore
Our Lady of Perpetual Help (Edgewater)Edgewater
Our Lady of Perpetual Help (Ellicott City)Ellicott City1893[36]
Our Lady of PompeiiBaltimore
Our Lady of SorrowsWest River
Our Lady of the AngelsCatonsville
Our Lady of the Chesapeake (Lake Shore)Pasadena
Our Lady of the FieldsMillersville
Our Lady of VictoryBaltimore
Our Lady, Queen of PeaceBaltimore
St. Patrick (Broadway-Fells Point)Baltimore
St. Patrick (Cumberland)Cumberland
St. Patrick (Havre de Grace)Havre de Grace
St. Patrick (Little Orleans)Little Orleans
St. Patrick (Mt. Savage)Mount Savage
St. PaulEllicott City1838[37]
St. Peter ClaverBaltimore
SS. Peter & Paul ShrineCumberland
St. Peter (Hancock)Hancock
St. Peter (Libertytown)Libertytown
St. Peter at the Lake CenterMcHenry
St. Peter the Apostle (Oakland)Oakland
St. Peter (Westernport)Westernport
SS. Philip & James (Charles Village)Baltimore
St. Philip NeriLinthicum Heights
St. Pius VBaltimore
St. Pius XBaltimore
Prince of PeaceEdgewood
Church of the ResurrectionEllicott City1974[38]
Resurrection of Our LordLaurel
St. RitaBaltimore
St. Rose of Lima (Brooklyn)Baltimore
Sacred HeartGlyndon
Sacred Heart of JesusBaltimore
Sacred Heart of MaryBaltimore
Shrine of the Little FlowerBaltimore
Shrine of the Sacred HeartBaltimore
St. StephenBradshaw
St. Thomas AquinasBaltimore
St. Thomas MoreBaltimore
St. TimothyWalkersville
Transfiguration Roman Catholic CongregationBaltimore
St. UrsulaBaltimore
St. Veronica (Cherry Hill)Baltimore
St. Vincent de Paul (Jonestown-Old Town)Baltimore
St. WenceslausBaltimore
St. William of YorkBaltimore1914[26]

Closed parishes

NameTownFoundedClosedSuccessor
St. Michael (Wolfe Street)Baltimore185230 July 2011Sacred Heart of Jesus
Church of the Holy ApostlesGambrills199930 June 2014St. Joseph

Education

High schools

Shrines of the archdiocese

Province of Baltimore

Ecclesiastical Province of Baltimore

See also

References

  1. "St. Ignatius Feast Day The Archdiocese of Baltimore". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  2. "Precedence". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York City: Robert Appleton Company. 1911. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  3. Kay, Liz F. (July 14, 2007). "New home for a new archbishop". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  4. Corrigan, G.M. (August 4, 2007). "Archbishop O'Brien to begin stewardship with listening tour". The Washington Examiner.
  5. Knezevich, Alison (November 15, 2016). "Baltimore archdiocese pays settlements to a dozen people alleging abuse by late priest". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2017-08-05.
  6. 1 2 3 "Our History". Archdiocese of Baltimore. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved 2009-03-30.
  7. Lally, Robert Johnson. "Historical Sketch of The Archdiocese of Boston". Archdiocese of Boston. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  8. "The Archdiocese: Timeline". Archdiocese of New York. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  9. "A Brief History of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia". Archdiocese of Philadelphia. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  10. "Brief History of the Archdiocese". Archdiocese of Louisville. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  11. "History of the Diocese & Diocesan Statistics". Diocese of Richmond. Archived from the original on 2012-02-05. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  12. "A Brief History of the Diocese of Wilmington". Diocese of Wilmington. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  13. 1 2 Most Rev. Michael J. Curley Archived 2015-02-21 at the Wayback Machine.. Archdiocese of Baltimore. Retrieved on 2016-11-19.
  14. 1 2 Archbishops of the Modern Era (1851 - 2012) Archived 2016-11-20 at the Wayback Machine.. Archdiocese of Baltimore. Retrieved on 2016-11-19.
  15. "About Us". Archdiocese of Washington. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  16. "Catholic Review History". The Catholic Review. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  17. http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-maskell-settlements-20161115-story.html
  18. https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2017/jul/15/keepers-church-response-netflix-baltimore-abuse
  19. "Is This Netflix Docuseries the Next Making a Murderer?". Vogue. April 19, 2017. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
  20. http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-lori-keeler-20180814-story.html
  21. https://www.wbaltv.com/article/new-catholic-school-in-baltimore-will-not-be-named-for-keeler/22729913
  22. http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-lori-keeler-20180814-story.html
  23. "RINUNCE E NOMINE: NOMINA DELL'ARCIVESCOVO DI BALTIMORE (U.S.A.)" [Waivers and Appointments: Appointment of Archbishop of Baltimore (U.S.A.)] (PDF) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 20 March 2012. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  24. Co-cathedral
  25. "Cathedrals in United States". GCatholic.org. Retrieved 2008-01-27.
  26. 1 2 "About us". St. Agnes & St. William of York. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
  27. Nancy Miller; Michael Bourne & William Morgan (December 1972). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: St. Alphonsus' Church, Rectory, Convent and Halle" (PDF). Maryland Historical Trust. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
  28. "History and Heritage". St. Alphonsus Rodriguez Catholic Church. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
  29. "St. Ambrose". Our Lady of the Mountains Parish. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
  30. "History of Ascension". Catholic Community of Ascension and St. Augustine. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
  31. "History of St. Augustine". Catholic Community of Ascension and St. Augustine. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
  32. Rice, Laura. Maryland History in Prints 1743-1900. p. 88.
  33. "Cathedral of Mary Our Queen". Archdiocese of Baltimore. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
  34. Ginsberg, Elizabeth (12 November 2011). "100 Jahre St. Elisabethkirche in Baltimore" [100 Years for St. Elizabeth Church in Baltimore]. Fuldaer Zeitung (in German).
  35. "Home". Holy Family Roman Catholic Church-Randallstown, Maryland. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
  36. "Parish History". Our Lady of Perpetual Help Catholic Church. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
  37. "History". St. Paul Catholic Church. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
  38. "History & Tradition". Resurrection-St. Paul School. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
  39. "Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary". americasfirstcathedral.org. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  40. "National Shrine of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton". Seton Heritage. Retrieved 6 October 2014.

Coordinates: 39°17′38″N 76°37′02″W / 39.29389°N 76.61722°W / 39.29389; -76.61722

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