Regional Representative Council

Regional Representative Council
Dewan Perwakilan Daerah
Coat of arms or logo
Type
Type
Term limits
 None
Leadership
Speaker
Oesman Sapta Odang
Since 4 April 2017
Deputy Speaker
Nono Sampono
Since 4 April 2017
Deputy Speaker
Damayanti Lubis
Since 4 April 2017
Deputy Speaker
Akhmad Muqowam
Since 26 July 2018
Structure
Seats 132[1]
Political groups
  Independent: 131 seats
Authority

On the area of regional governments only:

  • proposes and give advise on bills to the lower house;
  • oversight on the execution of laws[2]
  • no law-making power[3]
Elections
Single non-transferable vote
Last election
 9 April 2014
Meeting place
Legislative Complex
Jakarta
Indonesia
Website
www.dpd.go.id
Indonesia
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Indonesia
Pancasila (national philosophy)
Constitution
Foreign relations

The Regional Representative Council (Indonesian: Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, DPD; alternatively translatable as the House of Regions or the House of Regional Representatives or the Senate of Indonesia), is one of two parliamentary chambers in Indonesia. Together with the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, (DPR), it makes up the Indonesian national legislative body, the Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR).[4] Under Indonesia's constitution, the authority of the DPD is limited to areas related to regional governments and can only propose and give advise on bills to the DPR.[2] Unlike the DPR, the DPD has no direct law-making power.[3] Its members are usually called senators instead of DPD members.[5]

History

The DPD was created by the third amendment to the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia enacted 9 November 2001 in a move towards bicameralism. The DPD does not have the revising powers of an upper house like the United States Senate. Article 22D restricts the DPD to dealing with bills on "regional autonomy, the relationship of central and local government, formation, expansion and merger of regions, management of natural resources and other economic resources, and Bills related to the financial balance between the centre and the regions."[6]

The International Foundation for Electoral Systems conducted a tracking survey in the Indonesian legislative elections in 2004 which showed that not all voters knew how to vote for candidates for the new Regional Representative Council, or were even aware of its existence.[7]

The DPD is not a true upper house, because power of the DPD is relatively weak compared to the older chamber, the DPR, notably it has no direct law-making or the power to veto bills.[8][9] According to Indonesian constitutional scholar Jimly Asshiddiqie, the relative weakness of the DPD was a result of a compromise in the committee responsible for the constitutional amendment.[9] The reformist faction wanted a strong second chamber in addition to the existing DPR in order to strengthen checks and balances, but this was opposed by the conservative faction.[9]

Membership

Article 22C of the Constitution rules that all members of the DPD are elected through the same Legislative Election every five years, along with the members of DPR. The total number of members is limited so that it does not exceed one third of that of DPR. Each province of Indonesia elects 4 members to the DPD on a non-partisan basis, although many candidates in the April 2004 election had links to the parties represented in the People's Representative Council, the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or DPR. The members represents the interests of their provinces, therefore the DPD can be seen as a reform of the utusan daerah (regional representatives) of the MPR in Suharto era, which were appointed to the MPR at the president's discretion.[8]

Powers and structure

The DPD can propose regional bills to the DPR and must be heard on any regional bill proposed by DPR.[8]

Speakers and Deputy Speakers

# Name Take Office Left Office Province Represented Term Deputies
1
 Ginandjar Kartasasmita
(1941–)
2 October 2004
1 October 2009
West Java
1
Irman Gusman
La Ode Ida
2
 Irman Gusman
(1962–)
2 October 2009
1 October 2014
West Sumatra
2
GKR Hemas
La Ode Ida
2 October 2014
11 October 2016
3
GKR Hemas
Farouk Muhammad
3
 Mohammad Saleh
(1966–)
12 October 2016
3 April 2017
Bengkulu
4
 Oesman Sapta Odang
(1950–)
4 April 2017
Incumbent
West Kalimantan
1
Nono Sampono
Damayanti Lubis

Miscellaneous

The acronym DPD is a common one in Indonesia. In political parties, it usually stands for Indonesian: Dewan Pimpinan Daerah (Regional Leadership Council) and seated at each provincial capital. It should not be confused with the Legislative body.

References

  • Indrayana, Denny (2005). "Indonesian Constitutional Reform 1999–2002: An Evaluation of Constitution-Making in Transition". Faculty of Law, University of Melbourne.
  • Asshiddiqie, Jimly (2009). "Lembaga Perwakilan dan Permusyawaratan Rakyat Tingkat Pusat". jimly.com (in Indonesian).

Notes

  1. ↑ Of Indonesia's 34 provinces, only 33 currently have representatives; the province of North Kalimantan (formed 2012) was not included in the 2014 election.
  2. 1 2 Asshiddiqie 2009, pp. 11-12.
  3. 1 2 Asshiddiqie 2009, p. 12.
  4. ↑ Indrayana 2005, p. 369.
  5. ↑ "Senator Indonesia". twitter.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  6. ↑ Indrayana 2005, p. 446.
  7. ↑ na Thalang, Chanintira (June 2005). "The Legislative Elections in Indonesia, April 2004". Electoral Studies. 24 (2): 326-332. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2004.10.006.
  8. 1 2 3 Harijanti, Susi Dwi; Lindsey, Tim (January 2006). "Indonesia: General elections test the amended Constitution and the new Constitutional Court". International Journal of Constitutional Law. 4 (1): 138–150. doi:10.1093/icon/moi055.
  9. 1 2 3 Asshiddiqie 2009, p. 11.
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