Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters

Philadelphia Toboggan Company, Inc.
Private
Industry Manufacturing
Founded 1904 (1904)
Headquarters Hatfield, Pennsylvania, United States
Area served
 Worldwide
Key people
 Tom Rebbie (President/CEO)
Products Amusement rides, roller coasters
Owner Tom Rebbie
Website Official website

Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters, commonly referred to as PTC, is one of the oldest existing roller coaster manufacturing companies in the world. Based in Hatfield, Pennsylvania, it was established in 1904 by Henry Auchey and Chester Albright under the name Philadelphia Toboggan Company. The company manufactured carousels, wooden roller coasters, toboggans (roller coaster cars) and later, roller coaster trains.

History

The Philadelphia Toboggan Company was incorporated January 20, 1904.[1] It built and designed roller coasters until 1979. Notable designers included Joe McKee, John A. Miller, Herbert Schmeck, Frank Hoover, and John C. Allen. When Allen retired as president in 1976, the company stopped designing roller coasters but continued to work on coaster projects until 1979 when it exited the coaster-construction industry for good.[2]

The company manufactured carousels which were known for their elaborate carvings and decorations. Lead carvers included Daniel Carl Muller, Leo Zoller, John Zalar and Frank Caretta.[3] Examples of the company's carousels (manufactured 1904–1934) exist throughout the United States.

The Philadelphia Toboggan Company built the Rollo Coaster at Idlewild Park in 1938, and the carousel for the same amusement park in 1931. The company manufactured Skee Ball games from 1946-1977.[4] In 1926, PTC was granted a trademark on a new name, Philtobco.

Flying Turns

Developed by J. Norman Bartlett and John Miller, the Flying Turns coasters came to the attention of PTC. Recognizing the ride's potential, PTC signed a licensing agreement with Bartlett and Miller to market the ride in North America—with the exception of the state of California.[5] With the arrival of the Great Depression, PTC built only one in 1931, at Rocky Point Amusement Park. The coaster was engineered by Herbert Schmeck, but experienced problems. The ride opened late in the summer and Schmeck stayed on site for some time before he was able to get the ride operating consistently. The ride was damaged beyond repair by a storm on September 21, 1938.[5]

Schmeck engineered a second Flying Turns for Hershey Park in August 1941. Due to the entry of the United States into World War II, and the resulting rationing of building materials, the roller coaster was never built. It would have been located in the park next to what is now the Wave Swinger, and part of where the Comet lift hill is located.[6] Though Bartlett and Miller went on to build several more Flying Turns-type coasters, PTC never proposed another.[5]

PTC Today

On November 27, 1991, Tom Rebbie and Bill Dauphinee purchased the Philadelphia Toboggan Company from its former owner, the late Sam High (1934–2011). They incorporated a new company, Philadelphia Toboggan Coaster, shortly thereafter.[7] Rebbie was appointed president of the company. Rebbie bought out Dauphinee in 2007 to become the sole owner and the name was slightly modified to Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters, Inc. (PTCI). The company continues to manufacture roller coaster trains, queue gates and fin brakes.[8]

List of roller coasters


As of 2018, Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters has built 126 roller coasters around the world.[9]

NameParkCountryOpenedStatusRef
Shooting StarWet 'n Wild Emerald Pointe
Lakeside Park		United States United StatesUnknown
1968 to 1986		Removed[10]
[11]
Toboggan SlideElitch GardensUnited States United States1904Removed[12]
Figure EightEuclid BeachUnited States United States1904Removed[13]
Figure Eight TobogganPabst ParkUnited States United States1904Removed[14]
Forest TobogganOlentangy ParkUnited States United States1904Removed[15]
Figure 8White CityUnited States United States1904Removed[16]
Toboggan Figure 8Vinewood ParkUnited States United States1904Removed[17]
Figure 8 TobogganPine Beach ParkUnited States United States1904Removed[18]
Figure EightDelmar GardenUnited States United States1905Removed[19]
Forest CoasterWhite CityUnited States United States1906Removed[20]
Figure 8Idlewood Amusement ParkUnited States United States1906Removed[21]
Jack Rabbit
Formerly Forest Scenic Railway		Point Breeze ParkUnited States United States1912Removed[22]
Jack RabbitWillough Beach ParkUnited States United States1915Removed[23]
North Wind Coaster
Formerly Jack Rabbit		Luna ParkUnited States United States1915Removed[24]
Jack RabbitShellpot ParkUnited States United States1916Removed[25]
Forest RideRoss GroveUnited States United States1917Removed[26]
Jack RabbitRocky Springs ParkUnited States United States1918Removed[27]
Jack RabbitClementon ParkUnited States United States1919Removed[28]
Deep DipperCarlin's ParkUnited States United States1919Removed[29]
Forest RideSix Gun TerritoryUnited States United States1919Removed[30]
Giant CoasterRocky GlenUnited States United States1920Removed[31]
DipsBuckroe Beach ParkUnited States United States1920Removed[32]
Racer DipBay Shore ParkUnited States United States1920Removed[33]
Deep DipperFrederick Road ParkUnited States United States1920Removed[34]
WildcatMerrimack ParkUnited States United States1921Removed[35]
Wildcat
Formerly Thriller
Formerly Wasco Dips		Enna Jettick ParkUnited States United States1921Removed[36]
Alpine DipsSanatoga ParkUnited States United States1921Removed[37]
Roller CoasterWoodlawn ParkUnited States United States1922Removed[38]
DipsSchuylkill ParkUnited States United States1922Removed[39]
Thunderhawk
Formerly Coaster		Dorney ParkUnited States United States1923Operating[40]
WildcatFrederick Road ParkUnited States United States1923Removed[41]
WildcatHersheyparkUnited States United States1923Removed[42]
ThrillerEuclid BeachUnited States United States1924Removed[43]
CycloneParc BelmontCanada Canada1924Removed[44]
Ski RideBroad Ripple ParkUnited States United States1924Removed[45]
Big Roller CoasterMemorial ParkUnited States United States1924Removed[46]
WildcatBertrand IslandUnited States United States1925Removed[47]
Jet Star
Formerly Rocket
Formerly Jet
Formerly Jack Rabbit		Olympic ParkUnited States United States1925Removed[48]
Junior CoasterWoodlawn ParkUnited States United States1925Removed[49]
WildcatShellpot ParkUnited States United States1925Removed[50]
Giant Roller CoasterLakeside ParkUnited States United States1925Removed[51]
WildcatShady Grove ParkUnited States United States1925Removed[52]
Island FlyerIsland ParkUnited States United States1925Removed[53]
Sky RocketElitch GardensUnited States United States1926Removed[54]
WildcatConey IslandUnited States United States1926Removed[55]
TwisterConey IslandUnited States United States1926Removed[56]
WildcatRocky Point ParkUnited States United States1926Removed[57]
WildcatJoyland ParkUnited States United States1926Removed[58]
CoasterLaurel ParkUnited States United States1926Removed[59]
ExpressBrandywine Picnic ParkUnited States United States1926Removed[60]
Wild CatSeabreeze Amusement ParkUnited States United States1926Removed[61]
WildcatFernbrook ParkUnited States United States1926Removed[62]
WildcatLong Branch ParkUnited States United States1926Removed[63]
Kids CoasterCincinnati Zoo & Botanical GardenUnited States United States1926Removed[64]
WildcatLake CompounceUnited States United States1927Operating[65]
TwisterHocus Pocus ParkUnited States United States1927Removed[66]
Wild CatWoodside ParkUnited States United States1927Removed[67]
TornadoWoodside ParkUnited States United States1927Removed[68]
TwisterCroops GlenUnited States United States1927Removed[69]
WildcatEdgewood ParkUnited States United States1927Removed[70]
WildcatBelvedere Beach Amusement ParkUnited States United States1927Removed[71]
TwisterLakemont ParkUnited States United States1927Removed[72]
WildcatRocky Springs ParkUnited States United States1928Removed[73]
WildcatBrady Lake ParkUnited States United States1928Removed[74]
ZipWhite CityUnited States United States1928Removed[75]
Baby DipperHappyland ParkCanada Canada1928Removed[76]
Bear CatSans Souci ParkUnited States United States1928Removed[77]
TwisterWarner ParkUnited States United States1928Removed[78]
WildcatErie Beach ParkCanada Canada1928Removed[79]
TwisterMcCullough Lake ParkUnited States United States1928Removed[80]
Mountain FlyerMountain ParkUnited States United States1929Removed[81]
WildcatPine Island ParkUnited States United States1929Removed[82]
CyclonePalacce PlaylandUnited States United States1930Removed[83]
WildcatLakeside ParkUnited States United States1930Removed[84]
WildcatIdora ParkUnited States United States1930Removed[85]
Blue Flyer
Formerly Zipper Dipper		Blackpool Pleasure BeachUnited Kingdom United Kingdom1934Operating[86]
Teddy BearKennywoodUnited States United States1935Removed[87]
Teddy BearConey IslandUnited States United States1935Removed[88]
WhirlwindDinosaur BeachUnited States United States1935Removed[89]
Yankee Cannonball
Formerly Greyhound
Formerly Roller Coaster		Canobie Lake Park
Lakewood Park		United States United States1936
1930 to 1935		Operating[90]
[91]
Teddy BearElitch GardensUnited States United States1936Removed[92]
WildcatElitch GardensUnited States United States1936Removed[93]
Shooting Star
Formerly Clipper		Coney IslandUnited States United States1937Removed[94]
Rollo CoasterIdlewild and Soak ZoneUnited States United States1938Operating[95]
Thunderbolt
Formerly Cyclone		Six Flags New England
1939 New York World's Fair		United States United States1941
1939 to 1940		Operating[96]
[97]
CometForest Park Highlands Amusement ParkUnited States United States1941Removed[98]
Roller CoasterBayside ParkUnited States United States1942Removed[99]
CometPleasure PierUnited States United States1942Removed[100]
CyclonePalisades Amusement ParkUnited States United States1945Removed[101]
CometHersheyparkUnited States United States1946Operating[102]
CometMeyer's Lake ParkUnited States United States1947Removed[103]
Little DipperHoppylandUnited States United States1949Removed[104]
Nightmare
Formerly Roller Coaster		JoylandUnited States United States1949Removed[105]
CometWaldameerUnited States United States1951Operating[106]
CometGhost Town on the RiverUnited States United States1951Removed[107]
Montaña RusaIsla del CocoCuba Cuba1951Removed[108]
Roller CoasterFunlandUnited States United States1954Removed[109]
Junior CoasterLincoln BeachUnited States United States1955Removed[110]
Little DipperBelmont ParkUnited States United States1955Removed[111]
Sea Dragon
Formerly Jet Flyer		Columbus Zoo and AquariumUnited States United States1956Operating[112]
Valley VolcanoAngela ParkUnited States United States1956Removed[113]
FlyerDinosaur BeachUnited States United States1957Removed[114]
Comet
Formerly Mighty Lightnin
Formerly Ghost Town Jet		Rocky GlenUnited States United States1959Removed[115]
TornadoWedgewood VillageUnited States United States1961Removed[116]
Blue StreakCedar PointUnited States United States1964Operating[117]
Mr. TwisterElitch GardensUnited States United States1964Removed[118]
JetstreamRiverview ParkUnited States United States1964Removed[119]
SkylinerFair ParkUnited States United States1965Removed[120]
Swamp FoxFamily Kingdom Amusement ParkUnited States United States1966Operating[121]
Cannon BallLake WinnepesaukahUnited States United States1967Operating[122]
ZingoBell's Amusement ParkUnited States United States1968Removed[123]
TornadoPetticoat JunctionUnited States United States1970Removed[124]
RacerKings IslandUnited States United States1972Operating[125]
Woodstock Express
Formerly Fairly Odd Coaster
Formerly Beastie
Formerly Scooby Doo		Kings IslandUnited States United States1972Operating[126]
Great American Scream MachineSix Flags Over GeorgiaUnited States United States1973Operating[127]
CometFunway Amusement ParkUnited States United States1973Removed[128]
Woodstock Express
Formerly Ghoster Coaster
Formerly Scooby-Doo's Ghoster Coaster
FormerlyScooby Doo		Kings DominionUnited States United States1974Operating[129]
Woodstock Express
Formerly Fairly Odd Coaster
Formerly Scooby Doo's Ghoster Coaster
Formerly Scooby Doo		CarowindsUnited States United States1975Operating[130]
Racer 75
Formerly Rebel Yell		Kings DominionUnited States United States1975Operating[131]
Screamin' EagleSix Flags St. LouisUnited States United States1976Operating[132]
Thunder RoadCarowindsUnited States United States1976Removed[133]
Phoenix
Formerly Rocket		Knoebels Amusement Park & Resort
Playland Park		United States United States1985
1948 to 1980		Operating[134]
[135]
SkylinerLakemont Park
Roseland Park		United States United States1987
1960 to 1985		Closed[136]
[137]
CometGreat Escape
Crystal Beach		United States United States1994
1948 to 1989		Operating[138]
[139]
Meteor
Formerly Little Dipper		Little Amerricka
Hillcrest Park
Kiddytown		United States United States2006
1967 to 2003
1953 to 1966		Operating[140]
[141]
[142]
StarlinerCypress Gardens
Miracle Strip Amusement Park		United States United States2007
1963 to 2004		Removed[143]
[144]
Little DipperSix Flags Great America
Kiddieland		United States United States2010
1950 to 2009		Operating[145]
[146]
Black Diamond
Formerly Golden Nugget		Knoebels Amusement Park & Resort
Dinosaur Beach		United States United States2011
1960 to 1998		Operating[147]
[148]

Carousels

Most PTC carousels were numbered, so they are easily identified. Most have been moved from their original opening locations. PTC carousels that are still operating or in restoration:

PTC #OwnerCity, StateYear BuiltNotesRef(s)
6Kit Carson Co. FairgroundsBurlington, Colorado
1905
Originally built for Elitch Gardens in 1905, it was removed and sold to Kit Carson County in 1928 in favor of the new, more modern PTC#51.[149]
9Carousel of PottstownPottstown, Pennsylvania
1905
Restoration completed November 2016
15Palisades Center MallWest Nyack, New York
1907
Removed 2009[150]
17Six Flags Over GeorgiaAtlanta, Georgia
1908
18Destiny USASyracuse, New York
1909
19Western Reserve Historical SocietyCleveland, Ohio
1910
Formerly Euclid Beach Park (1910–1969); Palace Playland (1970s–1996); returned to Ohio in 1996 and restoration completed November 2014
21Six Flags Magic MountainValencia, California
1912
30Luna Park, MelbourneSt Kilda, Melbourne Australia
1913
33Como ParkSt. Paul, Minnesota
1914
35Six Flags St. LouisEureka, Missouri
1915
39Lake WinnepesaukahRossville, Georgia
1916
43Washington State FairPuyallup, Washington
1917
44Kings DominionDoswell, Virginia
1917
45Woodland Park ZooSeattle, Washington
1918
46Magic KingdomBay Lake, Florida
1917
Prince Charming Regal Carrousel
47HersheyparkHershey, Pennsylvania
1919
[151][152]
49Louisville ZooLouisville, Kentucky
1919
[153]
50City of HamptonHampton, Virginia
1920
51Elitch GardensDenver, Colorado
1925–1928
Built for the original northwest location of Elitch Gardens to replace PTC#6, it, along with many of Elitch Gardens' original rides, were moved to the park's Downtown Denver location in 1995.[154]
53Charles N. WalkerGriffin, Georgia
1920
[155]
54Battleship CoveFall River, Massachusetts
1920
59Peddler's VillageLahaska, Pennsylvania
1922
61David and Jane WalentasBrooklyn, New York
1922
62Santa Monica PierSanta Monica, California
1922
67CarowindsCharlotte, North Carolina
1923
72Sonny's PlaceSomers, Connecticut
1925
Formerly Kiddieland Amusement Park, Melrose Place, Ill. (1952–2009)[156]
75Gillians Wonderland Pier and Island WaterparkOcean City, New Jersey
1926
76ValleyfairShakopee, Minnesota
1925
79Kings IslandMason, Ohio
1926
Formerly Coney Island, Cincinnati (1926–1971)
80Holyoke Heritage State ParkHolyoke, Massachusetts
1927–1929
83Idlewild ParkLigonier, Pennsylvania
1931
84Canada's WonderlandVaughan, Ontario, Canada
1928
85Carousel Station (formerly part of Paragon Park)Hull, Massachusetts
1928
87Family KingdomMyrtle Beach, South Carolina
1929
Mechanism only - Horses Replaced - formerly Asbury Park, NJ, Casino

Funhouse items

Beginning before World War II, PTC was involved with the booming dark ride and funhouse business. It spawned the company Funni-Frite Industries of Lancaster, Columbus, and (later) Pickerington, Ohio, which ceased manufacturing operations in 2000.[157]

  • Laffing Sal - automated funhouse character/amusement device

See also

References

  1. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of State, "Philadelphia Toboggan Company"; accessed 2017.08.01.
  2. ↑ Rutherford, Scott. The American Roller Coaster, MBI Publishing, 2000, p. 12
  3. ↑ McDevitt, Barbara. "Holyoke Carousel". carousels.com. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
  4. ↑ Cooper, Thaddeus O.; Kreitman, Kevin B. (2016). Seeking Redemption: The Real Story of the Beautiful Game of Skee-Ball. NoMoreBoxes LLC. p. 366. ISBN 9780998389707.
  5. 1 2 3 Rutherford, Scott (2004). "PTC built one Flying Turns at Rocky Point; Hershey's ride was designed, but never built". Amusement Today. 8 (8.2). p. 23.
  6. ↑ Jenkins Jr., Torrence (2006). Herbert P. Schmeck: The Forgotten Legacy. Knepper Press. pp. 91–93.
  7. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of State, "Philadelphia Toboggan Coaster, Inc."; accessed 2017.08.01.
  8. ↑ Seifert, Jeffrey. "This Month in History," Amusement Today, Volume 15, Issue 8.2, p. 3
  9. ↑ Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters - rcdb.com
  10. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Shooting Star  (Wet 'n Wild Emerald Pointe)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  11. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Shooting Star  (Lakeside Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  12. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Toboggan Slide  (Elitch Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  13. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Figure Eight  (Euclid Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  14. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Figure Eight Toboggan  (Pabst Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  15. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Forest Toboggan  (Olentangy Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  16. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Figure 8  (White City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  17. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Toboggan Figure 8  (Vinewood Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  18. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Figure 8 Toboggan  (Pine Beach Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  19. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Figure Eight  (Delmar Garden)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  20. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Forest Coaster  (White City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  21. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Figure 8  (Idlewood Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  22. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Jack Rabbit  (Point Breeze Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  23. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Jack Rabbit  (Willough Beach Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  24. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Jack Rabbit  (Luna Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  25. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Jack Rabbit  (Shellpot Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  26. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Forest Ride  (Ross Grove)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  27. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Jack Rabbit  (Rocky Springs Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  28. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Jack Rabbit  (Clementon Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  29. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Deep Dipper  (Carlin's Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  30. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Forest Ride  (Six Gun Territory)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  31. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Giant Coaster  (Rocky Glen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  32. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Dips  (Buckroe Beach Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  33. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Racer Dip  (Bay Shore Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  34. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Deep Dipper  (Frederick Road Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  35. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Merrimack Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  36. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Enna Jettick Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  37. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Alpine Dips  (Sanatoga Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  38. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster  (Woodlawn Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  39. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Dips  (Schuylkill Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  40. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Thunderhawk  (Dorney Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  41. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Frederick Road Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  42. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Hersheypark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  43. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Thriller  (Euclid Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  44. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Cyclone  (Parc Belmont)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  45. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Ski Ride  (Broad Ripple Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  46. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Big Roller Coaster  (Memorial Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  47. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Bertrand Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  48. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Olympic Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  49. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Junior Coaster  (Woodlawn Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  50. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Shellpot Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  51. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Giant Roller Coaster  (Lakeside Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  52. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Shady Grove Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  53. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Island Flyer  (Island Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  54. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Sky Rocket  (Elitch Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  55. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Coney Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  56. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Twister  (Coney Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  57. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Rocky Point Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  58. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Joyland Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  59. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Coaster  (Laurel Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  60. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Express  (Brandywine Picnic Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  61. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wild Cat  (Seabreeze Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  62. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Fernbrook Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  63. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Long Branch Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  64. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Kids Coaster  (Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  65. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Lake Compounce)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  66. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Twister  (Hocus Pocus Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  67. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wild Cat  (Woodside Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  68. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Tornado  (Woodside Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  69. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Twister  (Croops Glen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  70. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Edgewood Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  71. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Belvedere Beach Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  72. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Twister  (Lakemont Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  73. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Rocky Springs Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  74. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Brady Lake Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  75. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Zip  (White City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  76. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Baby Dipper  (Happtland Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  77. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Bear Cat  (Sans Souci Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  78. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Twister  (Warner Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  79. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Erie Beach Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  80. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Twister  (McCullough Lake Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  81. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Mountain Flyer  (Mountain Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  82. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Pine Island Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  83. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Cyclone  (Palace Playland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  84. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Lakeside Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  85. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Idora Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  86. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Blue Flyer  (Blackpool Pleasure Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  87. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Teddy Bear  (Kennywood)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  88. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Teddy Bear  (Coney Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  89. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Whirlwind  (Dinosaur Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  90. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Yankee Cannonball  (Canobie Lake Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  91. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster  (Lakewood Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  92. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Teddy Bear  (Elitch Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  93. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Elitch Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  94. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Shooting Star  (Coney Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  95. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Rollo Coaster  (Idlewild Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  96. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Thunderbolt  (Six Flags New England)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  97. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Cyclone  (1939 New York World's Fair)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  98. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Comet  (Forest Park Highlands Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  99. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster  (Bayside Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  100. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Comet  (Pleasure Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  101. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Cyclone  (Palisades Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  102. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Comet  (Herseypark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  103. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Comet  (Meyer's Lake Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  104. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Little Dipper  (Hoppyland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  105. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Nightmare  (Joyland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  106. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Comet  (Waldameer)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  107. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Comet  (Ghost Town on the River)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  108. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Montaña Rusa  (Isla del Coco)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  109. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster  (Funland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  110. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Junior Coaster  (Lincoln Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  111. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Little Dipper  (Belmont Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  112. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Sea Dragon  (Columbus Zoo and Aquarium)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  113. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Valley Volcano  (Angela Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  114. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Flyer  (Dinosaur Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  115. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Comet  (Rocky Glen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  116. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Tornado  (Wedgewood Village)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  117. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Blue Streak  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  118. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Mr. Twister  (Elitch Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  119. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Jetstream  (Riverview Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  120. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Skyliner  (Fair Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  121. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Swamp Fox  (Family Kingdom Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  122. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Cannon Ball  (Lake Winnepesaukah)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  123. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Zingo  (Bell's Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  124. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Tornado  (Petticoat Junction)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  125. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Racer  (Kings Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  126. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Woodstock Express  (Kings Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  127. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Great American Scream Machine  (Six Flags Over Georgia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  128. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Comet  (Funway Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  129. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Woodstock Express  (Kings Dominion)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  130. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Woodstock Express  (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  131. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Racer 75  (Kings Dominion)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  132. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Screamin' Eagle  (Six Flags St. Louis)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  133. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Thunder Road  (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  134. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Phoenix  (Knoebels Amusement Park & Resort)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  135. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Rocket  (Playland Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  136. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Skyliner  (Lakemont Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  137. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Skyliner  (Roseland Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  138. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Comet  (Great Escape)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  139. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Comet  (Crystal Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  140. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Meteor  (Little Amerricka)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  141. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Little Dipper  (Hillcrest Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  142. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Little Dipper  (Kiddytown)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  143. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Starliner  (Cypress Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  144. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Starliner  (Miracle Strip Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  145. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Little Dipper  (Six Flags Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  146. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Little Dipper  (Kiddieland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  147. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Black Diamond  (Knoebels Amusement Park & Resort)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  148. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Golden Nugget  (Dinosaur Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  149. ↑ http://www.kitcarsoncountycarousel.com/history
  150. ↑ "Palisades Center Replaces Historic Carousel". New York Post. August 27, 2009. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
  151. ↑ "Hershey Park Opens Sunday". Harrisburg Telegraph. May 14, 1945. p. 14. Following the practice of having something new every year, the Park has disposed of the carrousel, which has brought untold pleasure to thousands of children, and purchased one of the finest merry-go-rounds that has ever been built in this country.
  152. ↑ "Hershey Park Opens Sunday". Gettysburg Times. May 15, 1945. p. 8.
  153. ↑ Bussabarger, Kara (July 25, 2008). "PTC 49 Carousel at Louisville Zoo". Retrieved September 20, 2015.
  154. ↑ https://www.elitchgardens.com/plan-a-visit/park-history/
  155. ↑ Gardner, Richard; Williams, Barbara (June 2010). "Philadelphia Toboggan Company Carousel History; 1904-1941" (PDF). Carousel News & Trader. 26 (6): 36. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  156. ↑ Steve Smith (August 16, 2017). "Sonny's Place Adding Antique Carousel". Hartford Courant. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  157. ↑ http://www.ochh.net/funni-catalogs.html
  158. ↑ National Park Service (2009-03-13). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
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