Periodic table (large cells)

This page shows large-cell versions of the periodic table. For each element name, symbol, atomic number, and mean atomic mass value for the natural isotopic composition of each element are shown. The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular method of displaying the chemical elements.

The two layout forms originate from two graphic forms of presentation of the same periodic table. Historically, when the f-block was identified it was drawn below the existing table, with markings for its in-table location (this page uses dots or asterisks). Also, a common presentation is to put all 15 lanthanide and actinide columns below, while the f-block only has 14 columns. One lanthanide and actinide each are d-block elements, belonging to group 3 with scandium and yttrium, though whether these are the first of each series (lanthanum and actinium) or the last (lutetium and lawrencium) has been disputed. The tables below show lanthanum and actinium as group 3 elements, as this is the more common form in the literature.

Although precursors to this table exist, its invention is generally credited to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Mendeleev invented the table to illustrate recurring ("periodic") trends in the properties of the elements. The layout of the table has been refined and extended over time, as new elements have been discovered, and new theoretical models have been developed to explain chemical behavior.^[1]

Contents
18-column layout	32-column layout	References    Notes

18-column layout

Periodic table (18-column layout)

Group →	1	2	3		4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
	Alkali metal	Alkaline earth metal												Boron group	Carbon group	Pnictogen	Chalcogen	Halogen	Noble gas
CAS:	IA	IIA	IIIB		IVB	VB	VIB	VIIB	VIIIB			IB	IIB	IIIA	IVA	VA	VIA	VIIA	VIIIA
old IUPAC:	IA	IIA	IIIA		IVA	VA	VIA	VIIA	VIII			IB	IIB	IIIB	IVB	VB	VIB	VIIB	0
Period ↓ 1 Period ↓	Hydrogen 1 H   [7000100780000000000♠1.0078, 7000100820000000000♠1.0082] short: 7000100800000000000♠1.008	→element name atomic number chemical symbol standard atomic weight																	Helium 2 He  7000400260200000000♠4.002602(2) short: 7000400260000000000♠4.0026
2	Lithium 3 Li  [7000693800000000000♠6.938, 7000699700000000000♠6.997] short: 7000694000000000000♠6.94	Beryllium 4 Be  7000901218310000000♠9.0121831(5) short: 7000901220000000000♠9.0122												Boron 5 B   [7001108059999999999♠10.806, 7001108210000000000♠10.821] short: 7001108100000000000♠10.81	Carbon 6 C   [7001120090000000000♠12.009, 7001120120000000000♠12.012] short: 7001120110000000000♠12.011	Nitrogen 7 N   [7001140060000000000♠14.006, 7001140079999999999♠14.008] short: 7001140070000000000♠14.007	Oxygen 8 O   [7001159990000000000♠15.999, 7001160000000000000♠16.000] short: 7001159990000000000♠15.999	Fluorine 9 F   7001189984031630000♠18.998403163(6) short: 7001189980000000000♠18.998	Neon 10 Ne  7001201797000000000♠20.1797(6) short: 7001201800000000000♠20.180
3	Sodium 11 Na  7001229897692800000♠22.98976928(2) short: 7001229899999999999♠22.990	Magnesium 12 Mg  [7001243040000000000♠24.304, 7001243070000000000♠24.307] short: 7001243050000000000♠24.305												Aluminium 13 Al  7001269815384000000♠26.9815384(3) short: 7001269820000000000♠26.982	Silicon 14 Si  [7001280840000000000♠28.084, 7001280860000000000♠28.086] short: 7001280850000000000♠28.085	Phosphorus 15 P   7001309737619980000♠30.973761998(5) short: 7001309740000000000♠30.974	Sulfur 16 S   [7001320590000000000♠32.059, 7001320760000000000♠32.076] short: 7001320600000000000♠32.06	Chlorine 17 Cl  [7001354460000000000♠35.446, 7001354570000000000♠35.457] short: 7001354500000000000♠35.45	Argon 18 Ar  [7001397920000000000♠39.792, 7001399630000000000♠39.963] short: 7001399480000000000♠39.948
4	Potassium 19 K   7001390983000000000♠39.0983(1) short: 7001390980000000000♠39.098	Calcium 20 Ca  7001400780000000000♠40.078(4) short: 7001400780000000000♠40.078(4)	Scandium 21 Sc  7001449559080000000♠44.955908(5) short: 7001449560000000000♠44.956		Titanium 22 Ti  7001478670000000000♠47.867(1) short: 7001478670000000000♠47.867	Vanadium 23 V   7001509415000000000♠50.9415(1) short: 7001509420000000000♠50.942	Chromium 24 Cr  7001519961000000000♠51.9961(6) short: 7001519960000000000♠51.996	Manganese 25 Mn  7001549380430000000♠54.938043(2) short: 7001549380000000000♠54.938	Iron 26 Fe  7001558450000000000♠55.845(2) short: 7001558450000000000♠55.845(2)	Cobalt 27 Co  7001589331940000000♠58.933194(3) short: 7001589330000000000♠58.933	Nickel 28 Ni  7001586934000000000♠58.6934(4) short: 7001586930000000000♠58.693	Copper 29 Cu  7001635460000000000♠63.546(3) short: 7001635460000000000♠63.546(3)	Zinc 30 Zn  7001653800000000000♠65.38(2) short: 7001653800000000000♠65.38(2)	Gallium 31 Ga  7001697230000000000♠69.723(1) short: 7001697230000000000♠69.723	Germanium 32 Ge  7001726300000000000♠72.630(8) short: 7001726300000000000♠72.630(8)	Arsenic 33 As  7001749215950000000♠74.921595(6) short: 7001749220000000000♠74.922	Selenium 34 Se  7001789710000000000♠78.971(8) short: 7001789710000000000♠78.971(8)	Bromine 35 Br  [7001799010000000000♠79.901, 7001799070000000000♠79.907] short: 7001799040000000000♠79.904	Krypton 36 Kr  7001837980000000000♠83.798(2) short: 7001837980000000000♠83.798(2)
5	Rubidium 37 Rb  7001854678000000000♠85.4678(3) short: 7001854680000000000♠85.468	Strontium 38 Sr  7001876200000000000♠87.62(1) short: 7001876200000000000♠87.62	Yttrium 39 Y   7001889058400000000♠88.90584(1) short: 7001889060000000000♠88.906		Zirconium 40 Zr  7001912240000000000♠91.224(2) short: 7001912240000000000♠91.224(2)	Niobium 41 Nb  7001929063700000000♠92.90637(1) short: 7001929060000000000♠92.906	Molybdenum 42 Mo  7001959500000000000♠95.95(1) short: 7001959500000000000♠95.95	Technetium 43 Tc  [98]	Ruthenium 44 Ru  7002101070000000000♠101.07(2) short: 7002101070000000000♠101.07(2)	Rhodium 45 Rh  7002102905490000000♠102.90549(2) short: 7002102910000000000♠102.91	Palladium 46 Pd  7002106420000000000♠106.42(1) short: 7002106420000000000♠106.42	Silver 47 Ag  7002107868200000000♠107.8682(2) short: 7002107870000000000♠107.87	Cadmium 48 Cd  7002112414000000000♠112.414(4) short: 7002112410000000000♠112.41	Indium 49 In  7002114818000000000♠114.818(1) short: 7002114820000000000♠114.82	Tin 50 Sn  7002118710000000000♠118.710(7) short: 7002118710000000000♠118.71	Antimony 51 Sb  7002121760000000000♠121.760(1) short: 7002121760000000000♠121.76	Tellurium 52 Te  7002127600000000000♠127.60(3) short: 7002127600000000000♠127.60(3)	Iodine 53 I   7002126904470000000♠126.90447(3) short: 7002126900000000000♠126.90	Xenon 54 Xe  7002131293000000000♠131.293(6) short: 7002131289999999999♠131.29
6	Caesium 55 Cs  7002132905451960000♠132.90545196(6) short: 7002132910000000000♠132.91	Barium 56 Ba  7002137327000000000♠137.327(7) short: 7002137330000000000♠137.33	Lanthanum 57 La  7002138905470000000♠138.90547(7) short: 7002138910000000000♠138.91	58–71	Hafnium 72 Hf  7002178490000000000♠178.49(2) short: 7002178490000000000♠178.49(2)	Tantalum 73 Ta  7002180947880000000♠180.94788(2) short: 7002180950000000000♠180.95	Tungsten 74 W  7002183840000000000♠183.84(1) short: 7002183840000000000♠183.84	Rhenium 75 Re  7002186207000000000♠186.207(1) short: 7002186210000000000♠186.21	Osmium 76 Os  7002190230000000000♠190.23(3) short: 7002190230000000000♠190.23(3)	Iridium 77 Ir  7002192217000000000♠192.217(2) short: 7002192220000000000♠192.22	Platinum 78 Pt  7002195084000000000♠195.084(9) short: 7002195080000000000♠195.08	Gold 79 Au  7002196966570000000♠196.966570(4) short: 7002196970000000000♠196.97	Mercury 80 Hg  7002200592000000000♠200.592(3) short: 7002200590000000000♠200.59	Thallium 81 Tl  [7002204380000000000♠204.38, 7002204390000000000♠204.39] short: 7002204380000000000♠204.38	Lead 82 Pb  7002207200000000000♠207.2(1) short: 7002207200000000000♠207.2	Bismuth 83 Bi  7002208980400000000♠208.98040(1) short: 7002208980000000000♠208.98	Polonium 84 Po  [209]	Astatine 85 At  [210]	Radon 86 Rn  [222]
7	Francium 87 Fr  [223]	Radium 88 Ra  [226]	Actinium 89 Ac  [227]	90–103	Rutherfordium 104 Rf  [267]	Dubnium 105 Db  [268]	Seaborgium 106 Sg  [269]	Bohrium 107 Bh  [270]	Hassium 108 Hs  [270]	Meitnerium 109 Mt  [278]	Darmstadtium 110 Ds  [281]	Roentgenium 111 Rg  [282]	Copernicium 112 Cn  [285]	Nihonium 113 Nh  [286]	Flerovium 114 Fl  [289]	Moscovium 115 Mc  [290]	Livermorium 116 Lv  [293]	Tennessine 117 Ts  [294]	Oganesson 118 Og  [294]
					Cerium 58 Ce  7002140116000000000♠140.116(1) short: 7002140120000000000♠140.12	Praseodymium 59 Pr  7002140907660000000♠140.90766(1) short: 7002140910000000000♠140.91	Neodymium 60 Nd  7002144242000000000♠144.242(3) short: 7002144240000000000♠144.24	Promethium 61 Pm  [145]	Samarium 62 Sm  7002150360000000000♠150.36(2) short: 7002150360000000000♠150.36(2)	Europium 63 Eu  7002151964000000000♠151.964(1) short: 7002151960000000000♠151.96	Gadolinium 64 Gd  7002157250000000000♠157.25(3) short: 7002157250000000000♠157.25(3)	Terbium 65 Tb  7002158925354000000♠158.925354(8) short: 7002158930000000000♠158.93	Dysprosium 66 Dy  7002162500000000000♠162.500(1) short: 7002162500000000000♠162.50	Holmium 67 Ho  7002164930328000000♠164.930328(7) short: 7002164930000000000♠164.93	Erbium 68 Er  7002167259000000000♠167.259(3) short: 7002167260000000000♠167.26	Thulium 69 Tm  7002168934218000000♠168.934218(6) short: 7002168930000000000♠168.93	Ytterbium 70 Yb  7002173045000000000♠173.045(10) short: 7002173050000000000♠173.05	Lutetium 71 Lu  7002174966800000000♠174.9668(1) short: 7002174970000000000♠174.97
					Thorium 90 Th  7002232037700000000♠232.0377(4) short: 7002232040000000000♠232.04	Protactinium 91 Pa  7002231035880000000♠231.03588(1) short: 7002231040000000000♠231.04	Uranium 92 U   7002238028910000000♠238.02891(3) short: 7002238030000000000♠238.03	Neptunium 93 Np  [237]	Plutonium 94 Pu  [244]	Americium 95 Am  [243]	Curium 96 Cm  [247]	Berkelium 97 Bk  [247]	Californium 98 Cf  [251]	Einsteinium 99 Es  [252]	Fermium 100 Fm  [257]	Mendelevium 101 Md  [258]	Nobelium 102 No  [259]	Lawrencium 103 Lr  [266]

32-column layout

References

Notes