Melting points of the elements (data page)

Melting point

ReferenceKelvinCelsiusFahrenheitComments
1 H hydrogen (H2)
use13.99 K−259.16 °C−434.49 °F
WEL14.01 K−259.14 °C−434.45 °F
CRC−259.16 °C
LNG−259.35 °C
2 He helium
use0 K−273.15 °C−459.67 °Fhcp crystal melting to He-II superfluid at 25.00 atm
1.463 K−271.687 °C−457.037 °Ftriple point hcp−bcc−He-II at 26.036 atm
1.762 K−271.388 °C−456.498 °Ftriple point hcp−bcc−He-II at 29.725 atm
1.772 K−271.378 °C−456.480 °Ftriple point hcp−He-II−He-I at 30.016 atm
WEL0.95 K−272.2 °C−458 °F
LNG−272.15 °C(at 25 atm)
Hoffer et al.0 K−273.15 °C−459.67 °Fhcp crystal melting to He-II superfluid at 25.00 atm
1.463 K−271.687 °C−457.037 °Ftriple point hcp−bcc−He-II at 26.036 atm
1.762 K−271.388 °C−456.498 °Ftriple point hcp−bcc−He-II at 29.725 atm
1.772 K−271.378 °C−456.480 °Ftriple point hcp−He-II−He-I at 30.016 atm
3 Li lithium
use453.65 K180.50 °C356.90 °F
WEL453.69 K180.54 °C356.97 °F
CRC180.50 °C
LNG180.54 °C
4 Be beryllium
use1560 K1287 °C2349 °F
WEL1560 K1287 °C2349 °F
CRC1287 °C
LNG1287 °C
5 B boron
use2349 K2076 °C3769 °F
WEL2349 K2076 °C3769 °F
CRC2075 °C
LNG2076 °C
6 C carbon (graphite)
use
WEL? (3800 K)? (3527 °C)? (6381 °F)
CRCtp 4489 °C(at 10.3 MPa)
LNGsubl. (39154020) °C
6 C carbon (diamond)
use
WEL? (3800 K)? (3527 °C)? (6381 °F)
CRC4440 °C(at 12.4 GPa)
LNG3500 °C(at 63.5 atm)
7 N nitrogen (N2)
use63.15 K−210.00 °C−346.00 °F
WEL63.05 K−210.1 °C−346.18 °F
CRC−210.00 °C
LNG−210.01 °C
8 O oxygen (O2)
use54.36 K−218.79 °C−361.82 °F
WEL54.8 K−218.3 °C−360.9 °F
CRC−218.79 °C
LNG−218.4 °C
9 F fluorine (F2)
use53.48 K−219.67 °C−363.41 °F
WEL53.53 K−219.62 °C−363.32 °F
CRCtp −219.67 °C
LNG−219.61 °C
10 Ne neon
use24.56 K−248.59 °C−415.46 °F
WEL24.56 K−248.59 °C−415.46 °F
CRC−248.59 °C
LNG−248.67 °C
11 Na sodium
use370.944 K97.794 °C207.9 °F
WEL370.87 K97.72 °C207.9 °F
CRC97.794 °C
LNG97.82 °C
12 Mg magnesium
use923 K650 °C1202 °F
WEL923 K650 °C1202 °F
CRC650 °C
LNG651 °C
13 Al aluminium
use933.47 K660.32 °C1220.58 °F
WEL933.47 K660.32 °C1220.58 °F
CRC660.32 °C
LNG660.323 °C
freezing point 933.473 K (660.323 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
14 Si silicon
use1687 K1414 °C2577 °F
WEL1687 K1414 °C2577 °F
CRC1414 °C
LNG1412 °C
15 P phosphorus (white)
use317.30 K44.15 °C111.47 °F
WEL317.3 K44.2 °C111.6 °F
CRC44.15 °C
LNG44.15 °C
15 P phosphorus (red)
use870 K597 °C1107 °F
CRCtp 590 °C
LNG597 °C
15 P phosphorus (black)
use883 K610 °C1130 °F
CRC610 °C
LNG
16 S sulfur (orthorhombic, alpha)
use368.4 K95.3 °C203.5 °F(trans. to beta)
CRC95.3 °C(trans. to mono)
LNG94.5 °C(trans. to beta)
16 S sulfur (monoclinic, beta, trans. slowly to alpha)
use388.36 K115.21 °C239.38 °F
WEL388.36 K115.21 °C239.38 °F
CRC119.6 °C
LNG115.21 °C
16 S sulfur (gamma)
use380.0 K106.8 °C224.2 °F
LNG106.8 °C
17 Cl chlorine (Cl2)
use171.6 K−101.5 °C−150.7 °F
WEL171.6 K−101.5 °C−150.7 °F
CRC−101.5 °C
LNG−101.5 °C
18 Ar argon
use83.81 K−189.34 °C−308.81 °F
WEL83.8 K−189.3 °C−308.7 °F
CRC−189.34 °C
LNG−189.38 °C
19 K potassium
use336.7 K63.5 °C146.3 °F
WEL336.53 K63.38 °C146.08 °F
CRC63.5 °C
LNG63.38 °C
20 Ca calcium
use1115 K842 °C1548 °F
WEL1115 K842 °C1548 °F
CRC842 °C
LNG842 °C
21 Sc scandium
use1814 K1541 °C2806 °F
WEL1814 K1541 °C2806 °F
CRC1541 °C
LNG1541 °C
22 Ti titanium (hexagonal)
use1941 K1668 °C3034 °F
WEL1941 K1668 °C3034 °F
CRC1668 °C
LNG1668 °C
23 V vanadium
use2183 K1910 °C3470 °F
WEL2183 K1910 °C3470 °F
CRC1910 °C
LNG1917 °C
24 Cr chromium
use2180 K1907 °C3465 °F
WEL2180 K1907 °C3465 °F
CRC1907 °C
LNG1907 °C
25 Mn manganese
use1519 K1246 °C2275 °F
WEL1519 K1246 °C2275 °F
CRC1246 °C
LNG1244 °C(face-centered tetragonal)
26 Fe iron
use1811 K1538 °C2800 °F
WEL1811 K1538 °C2800 °F
CRC1538 °C
LNG1535 °C
27 Co cobalt
use1768 K1495 °C2723 °F
WEL1768 K1495 °C2723 °F
CRC1495 °C
LNG1494 °C
28 Ni nickel
use1728 K1455 °C2651 °F
WEL1728 K1455 °C2651 °F
CRC1455 °C
LNG1453 °C
29 Cu copper
use1357.77 K1084.62 °C1984.32 °F
WEL1357.77 K1084.62 °C1984.32 °F
CRC1084.62 °C
LNG1084.62 °C
freezing point 1357.77 K (1084.62 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
30 Zn zinc
use692.68 K419.53 °C787.15 °F
WEL692.68 K419.53 °C787.15 °F
CRC419.53 °C
LNG419.527 °C
freezing point 692.677 K (419.527 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
31 Ga gallium
use302.9146 K29.7646 °C85.5763 °F
WEL302.91 K29.76 °C85.57 °F
CRCtp 29.771 °C
LNG29.7646 °C
melting point 302.9146 K (29.7646 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
32 Ge germanium
use1211.40 K938.25 °C1720.85 °F
WEL1211.4 K938.3 °C1720.9 °F
CRC938.25 °C
LNG937.3 °C
33 As arsenic
use1090 K817 °C1503 °F
WEL1090 K817 °C1503 °F
CRCtp 817 °C(at 3.70 MPa)
LNG817 °C
34 Se selenium (hexagonal, gray)
use494 K221 °C430 °F
WEL494 K221 °C430 °F
CRC220.5 °C
LNG217 °C
34 Se selenium (vitreous)
use453 K180 °C356 °F(trans. to gray)
CRC180 °C(trans. to gray)
35 Br bromine (Br2)
use265.8 K−7.3 °C19 °F
WEL265.8 K−7.3 °C19 °F
CRC−7.2 °C
LNG−7.25 °C
36 Kr krypton
use115.78 K−157.37 °C−251.27 °F
WEL115.79 K−157.37 °C−251.25 °F
CRCtp −157.38 °C(at 73.2 kPa)
LNG−157.36 °C
37 Rb rubidium
use312.45 K39.30 °C102.74 °F
WEL312.46 K39.31 °C102.76 °F
CRC39.30 °C
LNG39.31 °C
38 Sr strontium
use1050 K777 °C1431 °F
WEL1050 K777 °C1431 °F
CRC777 °C
LNG757 °C
39 Y yttrium
use1799 K1526 °C2779 °F
WEL1799 K1526 °C2779 °F
CRC1522 °C
LNG1522 °C
40 Zr zirconium
use2128 K1855 °C3371 °F
WEL2128 K1855 °C3371 °F
CRC1855 °C
LNG1852 °C
41 Nb niobium
use2750 K2477 °C4491 °F
WEL2750 K2477 °C4491 °F
CRC2477 °C
LNG2468 °C
42 Mo molybdenum
use2896 K2623 °C4753 °F
WEL2896 K2623 °C4753 °F
CRC2623 °C
LNG2622 °C
43 Tc technetium (Tc-98 ?)
use2430 K2157 °C3915 °F
WEL2430 K2157 °C3915 °F
CRC2157 °C
LNG2157 °C(Tc-98)
44 Ru ruthenium
use2607 K2334 °C4233 °F
WEL2607 K2334 °C4233 °F
CRC2334 °C
LNG2334 °C
45 Rh rhodium
use2237 K1964 °C3567 °F
WEL2237 K1964 °C3567 °F
CRC1964 °C
LNG1963 °C
46 Pd palladium
use1828.05 K1554.9 °C2830.82 °F
WEL1828.05 K1554.9 °C2830.82 °F
CRC1554.9 °C
LNG1555 °C
47 Ag silver
use1234.93 K961.78 °C1763.2 °F
WEL1234.93 K961.78 °C1763.2 °F
CRC961.78 °C
LNG961.78 °C
freezing point 1234.93 K (961.78 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
48 Cd cadmium
use594.22 K321.07 °C609.93 °F
WEL594.22 K321.07 °C609.93 °F
CRC321.07 °C
LNG321 °C
49 In indium
use429.75 K156.60 °C313.88 °F
WEL429.75 K156.6 °C313.88 °F
CRC156.60 °C
LNG156.60 °C
freezing point 429.7485 K (156.5985 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
50 Sn tin (white)
use505.08 K231.93 °C449.47 °F
WEL505.08 K231.93 °C449.47 °F
CRC231.93 °C
LNG231.928 °C
freezing point 505.078 K (231.928 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
51 Sb antimony
use903.78 K630.63 °C1167.13 °F
WEL903.78 K630.63 °C1167.13 °F
CRC630.63 °C
LNG630.7 °C
52 Te tellurium
use722.66 K449.51 °C841.12 °F
WEL722.66 K449.51 °C841.12 °F
CRC449.51 °C
LNG449.8 °C
53 I iodine (I2)
use386.85 K113.7 °C236.66 °F
WEL386.85 K113.7 °C236.66 °F
CRC113.7 °C
LNG113.60 °C
54 Xe xenon
use161.40 K−111.75 °C−169.15 °F
WEL161.4 K−111.7 °C−169.1 °F
CRCtp −111.795 °C(at 81.6 kPa)
LNG−111.8 °C
55 Cs caesium
use301.7 K28.5 °C83.3 °F
WEL301.59 K28.44 °C83.19 °F
CRC28.5 °C
LNG28.44 °C
56 Ba barium
use1000 K727 °C1341 °F
WEL1000 K727 °C1341 °F
CRC727 °C
LNG726.9 °C
57 La lanthanum
use1193 K920 °C1688 °F
WEL1193 K920 °C1688 °F
CRC918 °C
LNG920 °C
58 Ce cerium
use1068 K795 °C1463 °F
WEL1068 K795 °C1463 °F
CRC798 °C
LNG795 °C
59 Pr praseodymium
use1208 K935 °C1715 °F
WEL1208 K935 °C1715 °F
CRC931 °C
LNG935 °C
60 Nd neodymium
use1297 K1024 °C1875 °F
WEL1297 K1024 °C1875 °F
CRC1021 °C
LNG1024 °C
61 Pm promethium (Pm-147 ?)
use1315 K1042 °C1908 °F
WEL1373 K1100 °C2012 °F
CRC1042 °C
LNG1080 °C(Pm-147)
62 Sm samarium
use1345 K1072 °C1962 °F
WEL1345 K1072 °C1962 °F
CRC1074 °C
LNG1074 °C
63 Eu europium
use1099 K826 °C1519 °F
WEL1099 K826 °C1519 °F
CRC822 °C
LNG822 °C
64 Gd gadolinium
use1585 K1312 °C2394 °F
WEL1585 K1312 °C2394 °F
CRC1313 °C
LNG1312 °C
65 Tb terbium
use1629 K1356 °C2473 °F
WEL1629 K1356 °C2473 °F
CRC1356 °C
LNG1356 °C
66 Dy dysprosium
use1680 K1407 °C2565 °F
WEL1680 K1407 °C2565 °F
CRC1412 °C
LNG1412 °C
67 Ho holmium
use1734 K1461 °C2662 °F
WEL1734 K1461 °C2662 °F
CRC1474 °C
LNG1474 °C
68 Er erbium
use1802 K1529 °C2784 °F
WEL1770 K1497 °C2727 °F
CRC1529 °C
LNG1529 °C
talk
  • The Gmelin rare earths handbook lists 1522 °C and 1550 °C as two melting points given in the literature, the most recent reference [Handbook on the chemistry and physics of rare earths, vol.12 (1989)] is given with 1529 °C.
  • The World Book encyclopedia from 2002 lists 1529 °C.
69 Tm thulium
use1818 K1545 °C2813 °F
WEL1818 K1545 °C2813 °F
CRC1545 °C
LNG1545 °C
70 Yb ytterbium
use1097 K824 °C1515 °F
WEL1097 K824 °C1515 °F
CRC819 °C
LNG819 °C
71 Lu lutetium
use1925 K1652 °C3006 °F
WEL1925 K1652 °C3006 °F
CRC1663 °C
LNG1663 °C
72 Hf hafnium
use2506 K2233 °C4051 °F
WEL2506 K2233 °C4051 °F
CRC2233 °C
LNG2227 °C
73 Ta tantalum
use3290 K3017 °C5463 °F
WEL3290 K3017 °C5463 °F
CRC3017 °C
LNG2996 °C
74 W tungsten
use3695 K3422 °C6192 °F
WEL3695 K3422 °C6192 °F
CRC3422 °C
LNG3387 °C
75 Re rhenium
use3459 K3186 °C5767 °F
WEL3459 K3186 °C5767 °F
CRC3186 °C
LNG3180 °C
76 Os osmium
use3306 K3033 °C5491 °F
WEL3306 K3033 °C5491 °F
CRC3033 °C
LNG3045 °C
77 Ir iridium
use2719 K2446 °C4435 °F
WEL2739 K2466 °C4471 °F
CRC2446 °C
LNG2447 °C
78 Pt platinum
use2041.4 K1768.3 °C3214.9 °F
WEL2041.4 K1768.3 °C3214.9 °F
CRC1768.4 °C
LNG1769 °C
79 Au gold
use1337.33 K1064.18 °C1947.52 °F
WEL1337.33 K1064.18 °C1947.52 °F
CRC1064.18 °C
LNG1064.18 °C
freezing point 1337.33 K (1064.18 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
80 Hg mercury
use234.32 K−38.83 °C−37.89 °F
WEL234.32 K−38.83 °C−37.89 °F
CRCtp −38.837 °C
LNG−38.83 °C
81 Tl thallium
use577 K304 °C579 °F
WEL577 K304 °C579 °F
CRC304 °C
LNG303.5 °C
82 Pb lead
use600.61 K327.46 °C621.43 °F
WEL600.61 K327.46 °C621.43 °F
CRC327.46 °C
LNG327.43 °C
83 Bi bismuth
use544.7 K271.5 °C520.7 °F
WEL544.4 K271.3 °C520.3 °F
CRC271.40 °C
LNG271.5 °C
84 Po polonium
use527 K254 °C489 °F
WEL527 K254 °C489 °F
CRC254 °C
LNG254 °C
85 At astatine
use575 K302 °C576 °F
WEL575 K302 °C576 °F
CRC302 °C
LNG302 °C
86 Rn radon
use202 K−71 °C−96 °F
WEL202 K−71 °C−96 °F
CRC−71 °C
LNG−71 °C
87 Fr francium
use300 K27 °C80 °F
CRC27 °C
88 Ra radium
use973 K700 °C1292 °F
WEL973 K700 °C1292 °F
CRC700 °C
LNG700.1 °C
89 Ac actinium (Ac-227 ?)
usecirca 1323 Kcirca 1050 °Ccirca 1922 °F
WEL1323 K1050 °C1922 °F
CRC1051 °C
LNG1050(50) °C(Ac-227)
90 Th thorium
use2115 K1842 °C3348 °F
WEL2115 K1842 °C3348 °F
CRC1750 °C
LNG1750 °C
91 Pa protactinium
use1841 K1568 °C2854 °F
WEL1841 K1568 °C2854 °F
CRC1572 °C
92 U uranium
use1405.3 K1132.2 °C2070 °F
WEL1405.3 K1132.2 °C2070 °F
CRC1135 °C
LNG1135 °C
93 Np neptunium
use917 K644 °C1191 °F
WEL910 K637 °C1179 °F
CRC644 °C
LNG644 °C
94 Pu plutonium
use912.5 K639.4 °C1182.9 °F
WEL912.5 K639.4 °C1182.9 °F
CRC640 °C
LNG639.5 °C
95 Am americium
use1449 K1176 °C2149 °F
WEL1449 K1176 °C2149 °F
CRC1176 °C
LNG1176 °C
96 Cm curium (Cm-244 ?)
use1613 K1340 °C2444 °F
WEL1613 K1340 °C2444 °F
CRC1345 °C
LNG1340 °C(Cm-244)
97 Bk berkelium (alpha)
use1323 K1050 °C1922 °F
CRC1050 °C
LNG1050 °C
97 Bk berkelium (beta)
use1259 K986 °C1807 °F
WEL1259 K986 °C1807 °F
CRC986 °C
LNG986 °C
98 Cf californium (Cf-252 ?)
use1173 K900 °C1652 °F
WEL1173 K900 °C1652 °F
CRC900 °C
LNG900 °C(Cf-252)
99 Es einsteinium
use1133 K860 °C1580 °F
WEL1133 K860 °C1580 °F
CRC860 °C
LNG860 °C
100 Fm fermium (Fm-257 ?)
use1800 K1527 °C2781 °F
WEL1800 K1527 °C2781 °F
CRC1527 °C
LNG1527 °C(Fm-257)
101 Md mendelevium
use1100 K827 °C1521 °F
WEL1100 K827 °C1521 °F
CRC827 °C
102 No nobelium
use1100 K827 °C1521 °F
WEL1100 K827 °C1521 °F
CRC827 °C
103 Lr lawrencium
use1900 K1627 °C2961 °F
WEL1900 K1627 °C2961 °F
CRC1627 °C
LNG1627 °C

Notes

  • All values at standard pressure (101.325 kPa) unless noted. Triple point temperature values (marked "tp") are not valid at standard pressure.

References

WEL

As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:

  • A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992
  • G.W.C. Kaye and T.H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993

CRC

  • Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4.121–4.123. ISBN 1439855110.

LNG

As quoted from:

  • J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 3; Table 3.2 Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds

Hoffer et al.

  • Hoffer, J. K.; Gardner, W. R.; Waterfield, C. G.; Phillips, N. E. (April 1976). "Thermodynamic properties of 4He. II. The bcc phase and the P-T and VT phase diagrams below 2 K". Journal of Low Temperature Physics. 23 (1): 63–102. Bibcode:1976JLTP...23...63H. doi:10.1007/BF00117245.

See also

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