List of distinct cell types in the adult human body

There are many different types of cell in the human body.

Cells that are derived primarily from endoderm

Exocrine secretory epithelial cells

Salivary gland mucous cell (polysaccharide-rich secretion)
Salivary gland number 1 (glycoprotein enzyme-rich secretion)
Von Ebner's gland cell in tongue (washes taste buds)
Mammary gland cell (milk secretion)
Lacrimal gland cell (tear secretion)
Ceruminous gland cell in ear (earwax secretion)
Eccrine sweat glandering dark cell (glycoprotein secretion)
Eccrine sweat gland clear cell (small molecule secretion)
Apocrine sweat gland cell (odoriferous secretion, sex-hormone sensitive)
Gland of Moll cell in eyelid (specialized sweat gland)
Sebaceous gland cell (lipid-rich sebum secretion)
Bowman's gland cell in nose (washes olfactory epithelium)
Brunner's gland cell in duodenum (enzymes and alkaline mucus)
Seminal vesicle cell (secretes seminal fluid components, including fructose for swimming sperm)
Prostate gland cell (secretes seminal fluid components)
Bulbourethral gland cell (mucus secretion)
Bartholin's gland cell (vaginal lubricant secretion)
Gland of Littre cell (mucus secretion)
Uterus endometrium cell (carbohydrate secretion)
Insolated goblet cell of respiratory and digestive tracts (mucus secretion)
Stomach lining mucous cell (mucus secretion)
Gastric gland zymogenic cell (pepsinogen secretion)
Gastric gland oxyntic cell (hydrochloric acid secretion)
Pancreatic acinar cell (bicarbonate and digestive enzyme secretion
Paneth cell of small intestine (lysozyme secretion)
Type II pneumocyte of lung (surfactant secretion)
Club cell of lung

Hormone-secreting cells

Anterior pituitary cells
Intermediate pituitary cell, secreting melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Magnocellular neurosecretory cells
- nonsecreting oxytocin
- secreting vasopressin
Gut and respiratory tract cells
- secreting serotonin
- secreting endorphin
- secreting somatostatin
- secreting gastrin
- secreting secretin
- nonsecreting cholecystokinin
- secreting insulin
- secreting glucagon
- nonsecreting bombesin
Thyroid gland cells
- Thyroid epithelial cell
- Parafollicular cell
Parathyroid gland cells
- Parathyroid chief cell
- Oxyphil cell
Adrenal gland cells
- Chromaffin cells
- secreting steroid hormones (mineralocorticoids and gluco corticoids)
Leydig cell of testes secreting testosterone
Theca interna cell of ovarian follicle secreting estrogen
Corpus luteum cell of ruptured ovarian follicle secreting progesterone
- Granulosa lutein cells
- Theca lutein cells
Juxtaglomerular cell (renin secretion)
Macula densa cell of kidney
Peripolar cell of kidney
Mesangial cell of kidney
Pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)
- Alpha cells (secreting glucagon)
- Beta cells (secreting insulin and amylin)
- Delta cells (secreting somatostatin)
- PP cells (gamma cells) (secreting pancreatic polypeptide)
- Epsilon cells (secreting ghrelin)

Derived primarily from ectoderm

Integumentary system

Keratinizing epithelial cells

Epidermal keratinocyte (differentiating epidermal cell)
Epidermal basal cell (stem cell)
Keratinocyte of fingernails and toenails
Nail bed basal cell (stem cell)
Medullary hair shaft cell
Cortical hair shaft cell
Cuticular hair shaft cell
Cuticular hair root sheath cell
Hair root sheath cell of Huxley's layer
Hair root sheath cell of Henle's layer
External hair root sheath cell
Hair matrix cell (stem cell)

Wet stratified barrier epithelial cells

Surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina
basal cell (stem cell) of epithelia of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina
Urinary epithelium cell (lining urinary bladder and urinary ducts)

Nervous system

There are nerve cells, also known as neurons, present in our human body. They are branched out. These cells make up nervous tissue. A neuron consists of a cell body with a nucleus and cytoplasm, from which long thin hair-like parts arise.

Sensory transducer cells

Auditory inner hair cell of organ of Corti
Auditory outer hair cell of organ of Corti
Basal cell of olfactory epithelium (stem cell for olfactory neurons)
Cold-sensitive primary sensory neurons
Heat-sensitive primary sensory neurons
Merkel cell of epidermis (touch sensor)
Olfactory receptor neuron
Pain-sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types)
Photoreceptor cells of retina in eye:
- Photoreceptor rod cells
- Photoreceptor blue-sensitive cone cell of eye
- Photoreceptor green-sensitive cone cell of eye
- Photoreceptor red-sensitive cone cell of eye
Proprioceptive primary sensory neurons (various types)
Touch-sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types)
Chemoreceptor glomus cells of carotid body cell (blood pH sensor)
Outer hair cell of vestibular system of ear (acceleration and gravity)
Inner hair cell of vestibular system of ear (acceleration and gravity)
Taste receptor cell of taste bud

Autonomic neuron cells

Cholinergic neural cell (various types)
Adrenergic neural cell (various types)
Peptidergic neural cell (various types)

Sense organ and peripheral neuron supporting cells

Inner pillar cell of organ of Corti
Outer pillar cell of organ of Corti
Inner phalangeal cell of organ of Corti
Outer phalangeal cell of organ of Corti
Border cell of organ of Corti
Hensen cell of organ of Corti
Vestibular apparatus supporting cell
Taste bud supporting cell
Olfactory epithelium supporting cell
Schwann cell
Satellite glial cell (encapsulating peripheral nerve cell bodies)
Enteric glial cell

Central nervous system neurons and glial cells

Neuron cells (large variety of types, still poorly classified)
- Interneurons
  - Basket cells
  - Cartwheel cells
  - Stellate cells
  - Golgi cells
  - Granule cells
  - Lugaro cells
  - Unipolar brush cells
  - Martinotti cells
  - Chandelier cells
  - Cajal–Retzius cells
  - Double-bouquet cells
  - Neurogliaform cells
  - Retina horizontal cell
  - Amacrine cells
  - Spinal interneuron
    - Renshaw cells
- Principal cells
  - Spindle neurons
  - Fork neurons
  - Pyramidal cells
  - Stellate cells
    - Boundary cells
  - Bushy cell
  - Purkinje cells
  - Medium spiny neurons
Astrocyte (various types)
Oligodendrocyte
Ependymal cells
- Tanycytes

Lens cells

Anterior lens epithelial cell
Crystallin-containing lens fiber cell

Derived primarily from mesoderm

Metabolism and storage cells

Barrier function cells (lung, gut, exocrine glands and urogenital tract)

Kidney

Kidney parietal cell
Kidney glomerulus podocyte
Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell
Loop of Henle thin segment cell
Kidney distal tubule cell
Kidney collecting duct cell
- Principal cells
- Intercalated cells

Other

Type I pneumocyte (lining air space of lung cell)
Pancreatic duct cell (centroacinar cell)
Nonstriated duct cell (of sweat gland, salivary gland, mammary gland, etc.)
- Principal cell
- Intercalated cell
Duct cell (of seminal vesicle, prostate gland, etc.)
Intestinal brush border cell (with microvilli)
Exocrine gland striated duct cell
Gall bladder epithelial cell
Ductulus efferens nonciliated cell
Epididymal principal cell
Epididymal basal cell
Endothelial cells

Extracellular matrix cells

Ameloblast epithelial cell (tooth enamel secretion)
Planum semilunatum epithelial cell of vestibular system of ear (proteoglycan secretion)
Organ of Corti interdental epithelial cell (secreting tectorial membrane covering hair cells)
Loose connective tissue fibroblasts
Corneal fibroblasts (corneal keratocytes)
Tendon fibroblasts
Bone marrow reticular tissue fibroblasts
Other nonepithelial fibroblasts
Pericyte
Nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc
Cementoblast/cementocyte (tooth root bonelike ewan cell secretion)
Odontoblast/odontocyte (tooth dentin secretion)
Hyaline cartilage chondrocyte
Fibrocartilage chondrocyte
Elastic cartilage chondrocyte
Osteoblast/osteocyte
Osteoprogenitor cell (stem cell of osteoblasts)
Hyalocyte of vitreous body of eye
Stellate cell of perilymphatic space of ear
Hepatic stellate cell (Ito cell)
Pancreatic stelle cell

Nurse cell

Ovarian follicle cell
Sertoli cell (in testis)
Thymus epithelial cell

Interstitial cells

Interstitial kidney cells

References

External links

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