List of Victoria Cross recipients by nationality

A bronze cross pattée bearing the crown of Saint Edward surmounted by a lion with the inscription FOR VALOUR. A crimson ribbon is attached

This is a list of recipients of the Victoria Cross by nationality. It does not include the Victoria Cross awarded to the American Unknown Soldier of World War I Tomb of the Unknowns, buried in Arlington National Cemetery. He was awarded the VC posthumously in 1921. This gesture reciprocated the award of the Medal of Honor to the British Unknown Warrior.

The Victoria Cross (VC) is a military decoration awarded for valour "in the face of the enemy" to members of the British armed forces. A small number of Commonwealth countries still participate in the British (Imperial) honours system and would still be eligible to make Victoria Cross recommendations for their service personal but none of these countries have ever been awarded the Victoria Cross. The last occasion a Commonwealth country was awarded the Victoria Cross was in 1969 during the Vietnam War and today all Commonwealth countries whose armed forces had been awarded the Victoria Cross under the British honours systems have their own honours systems and their own orders, decorations and medals. The Victoria Cross takes precedence over all other British orders, decorations and medals and may be awarded to a person of any rank in any service and although civilians under military command are eligible for the award none has been awarded since 1879. The Victoria Cross has often been presented to the recipient during an investiture by the British monarch. The last award of the reign of King George VI and all awards of the reign of the present Queen with the exception of the two posthumous awards to the Australian Army during the Vietnam War have been presented by Queen Elizabeth II. The VC has been awarded on 1358 occasions to 1355 individual recipients.

The original Royal Warrant and all warrants to this day contain both expulsion and restoration clauses. Eight recipients between 1861 and 1908 had their awards rescinded and although no award has ever been restored the names of the eight are included in the list. The original warrant did not contain a specific clause regarding posthumous awards, although official policy was to not award the VC posthumously. Between 1857 and 1901, twelve notices were issued in the London Gazette regarding soldiers who would have been awarded the VC had they survived. In a partial reversal of policy for the South African War 1899-1902, the next of kin of three of the soldiers were sent medals by registered post in 1902. In the same gazette the first three posthumous awards were awarded and also sent to the next of kin. In 1907, the posthumous policy was reversed and medals were sent to the next of kin of the six officers and men.^[1] The Victoria Cross warrant was not officially amended to explicitly allow posthumous awards until 1920 but one quarter of all awards for the First World War were posthumous.^[2]^[3]

For a short time in the middle 1800s, the VC was awarded for actions taken not in the face of the enemy. Six were awarded at this time for actions taken not in the face of the enemy. (Campbell Mellis Douglas was one of these recipients.)

Until 1921 the Victoria Cross could not be awarded to women, and to this day no VC has been awarded to members of that gender. With the approval of Queen Victoria, Elizabeth Weber Harris was awarded a gold VC for her valour in nursing cholera-ridden soldiers in India in 1869.^[4]

Most Commonwealth countries have now created their own honours systems. Since 1991, three Commonwealth countries; Australia, Canada and New Zealand have created their own operational gallantry awards. In each case, their highest award for most conspicuous bravery was named in honour of the British (Imperial) Victoria Cross; the Victoria Cross for Australia, the Victoria Cross (Canada) and the Victoria Cross for New Zealand. One Victoria Cross for New Zealand was awarded to Willie Apiata on 26 July 2007; four Victoria Crosses for Australia have been awarded to Mark Donaldson, Ben Roberts-Smith, Daniel Keighran and Cameron Baird. All five awards were for actions in Afghanistan. As these are separate medals, they are not included in this list.

Recipients are described in the following list by nationality (birthplace) or (citizenship) or (country of service) or (uncertain) or in the case of New Zealand born Captain Alfred John Shout of the Australian Army by both (birthplace) and (country of service). The country lists are compiled differently with the Australian list only being members of the Australian forces, the Canadian list being members of the Canadian forces including Danish Thomas Dinesen who served in Canadian Army plus others who are considered by Canadians as Canadian recipients, while the English list only includes a few of the many English born recipients who were decorated as members of Commonwealth and Indian forces. There have been 1355 individual recipients including the American unknown who is not listed but the list has 1356 names including Alfred John Shout and another listed twice.

Recipients by nationality

Rows highlighted in orange contain links to separate pages which contain the recipients of countries with over 75 recipients
This along with the *, indicates that the Victoria Cross was awarded posthumously

Name	Nationality	Date of action	Conflict	Unit	Place of action	Notes
Bellenden Hutcheson	American	1918	First World War	75th Bn Canadian Expeditionary Force	Drocourt-Quéant Support Line, France	^[5]
William Metcalf	American	1918	First World War	Canadian Expeditionary Force	Arras, France	^[5]
George Mullin	American	1917	First World War	Canadian Expeditionary Force	Passchendaele, Belgium	^[5]
William Seeley	American	1864	Bombardment of Shimonoseki	HMS Euryalus	Shimonoseki, Japan
Raphael Zengel	American	1918	First World War	Canadian Expeditionary Force	Warvillers, France	^[6]
AAA	AustraliaList of 91 Australian recipients	AAA	AAA	AA01	AAA
Adrian Carton de Wiart	Belgian	1916	First World War	BB0044th Dragoon Guards	La Boiselle, France
Samuel Hodge	British Virgin Islander	1866	Gambia Campaign	BB0044th West India Regiment	Tubabecelong, Gambia
AAB	CanadaList of 96 Canadian recipients	AAB	AAB	AA02	AAB
William Bruce	Channel Islander	1914	First World War	BB05959th Scinde Rifles	Givenchy, France
Lewis Halliday	Channel Islander	1900	Boxer Rising	Royal Marine Light Infantry	Peking, China
Duncan Home	Channel Islander	1857	Indian Mutiny	Bengal Sappers and Miners	Delhi, India
George Ingouville	Channel Islander	1855	Crimean War	HMS Arrogant	Vyborg, Russia
Herbert Le Patourel	Channel Islander	1942	Second World War	Hampshire Regiment	Tebourba, Tunisia
Ferdinand Le Quesne	Channel Islander	1889	British rule in Burma	Royal Army Medical Corps	Voklaak, Burma
John McCrea	Channel Islander	1881	Basuto Gun War	BB0011st Cape Mounted Yeomanry	Tweefontein, South Africa
Allastair McReady-Diarmid	Channel Islander	1917	First World War	Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regiment)	Moeuvres, France
George Nurse	Channel Islander	1899	Second Boer War	Royal Field Artillery	Colenso, South Africa
Euston Sartorious	Channel Islander	1859	Second Afghan War	BB05959th Regiment of Foot	Shahjui, Afghanistan
Reginald Sartorious	Channel Islander	1874	First Ashanti Expedition	BB0066th Bengal Cavalry	Obugu, Ashanti
Thomas Dinesen	Danish	1918	First World War	BB04242nd Bn CEF Canadian Expeditionary Force	Parvillers, France
Percy Hansen	Danish	1915	First World War	BB0066th Lincolnshire Regiment	Gallipoli, Turkey
Anders Lassen	Danish	1945*	Second World War	Special Boat Service	Comacchio, Italy
AAC	EnglandList of 600+ English recipients (may be incomplete)	AAC	AAC	AA03	AAC
Sefanaia Sukanaivalu	Fijian	1944*	Second World War	Fiji Infantry Regiment	Mawaraka, Bougainville Island
Charles Wooden	German	1854	Crimean War	BB01717th Lancers	Balaklava, Crimea
Johnson Beharry	Grenadian	2004	Iraq War	Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment	Amarah, Iraq
William Johnstone	Hanoverian	1854	Crimean War	HMS Arrogant, RN	Åland Islands, Finland	^[7]
Premindra Bhagat	British Indian	1941	Second World War	Corps of Indian Engineers	Gallabat, Abyssinia
Yeshwant Ghadge	British Indian	1944*	Second World War	Maratha Light Infantry	Upper Tiber Valley, Italy
Abdul Hafiz	British Indian	1944*	Second World War	BB0099th Jat Regiment	Imphal, India
Namdeo Jadav	British Indian	1945	Second World War	BB0055th Maratha Light Infantry	Senio River, Italy
Karamjeet Judge	British Indian	1945*	Second World War	BB4154/15th Punjab Regiment	Meiktila, Burma
Lala	British Indian	1916	First World War	BB04141st Dogras	El Orah, Mesopotamia
Darwan Negi	British Indian	1914	First World War	BB03939th Garhwal Rifles	Festubert, France
Gabar Singh Negi	British Indian	1915*	First World War	BB03939th Garhwal Rifles	Neuve Chapelle, France
Bhandari Ram	British Indian	1944	Second World War	BB010Garhwal Rifles	Arakan State, Burma
Chhelu Ram	British Indian	1943*	Second World War	BB0066th Rajputana Rifles	Djebel Garci, Tunisia
Kamal Ram	British Indian	1944	Second World War	BB0088th Punjab Regiment	River Gari, Italy
Richhpal Ram	British Indian	1941*	Second World War	BB0066th Rajputana Rifles	Keren, Eritrea
Badlu Singh	British Indian	1918*	First World War	BB01414th Murray's Jat Lancers	River Jordan, Palestine
Chatta Singh	British Indian	1916	First World War	BB009Garhwal Rifles	Battle of the Wadi, Mesopotamia
Gian Singh	British Indian	1945	Second World War	BB01515th Punjab Regiment	Myingyan, Burma
Gobind Singh	British Indian	1917	First World War	BB028Garhwal Rifles	Pezières, France	^[8]
Ishar Singh	British Indian	1921	Waziristan Campaign	BB02828th Punjab Regiment	Haidari Kach, India
Nand Singh	British Indian	1944	Second World War	BB1111/11th Garhwal Rifles	Maungdaw–Buthidaung Road, Burma
Parkash Singh	British Indian	1943	Second World War	BB0088th Punjab Regiment	Donbaik, Burma
Prakash Singh	British Indian	1945*	Second World War	BB01313th Frontier Force Rifles	Kanlan Ywathit, Burma
Ram Singh	British Indian	1944*	Second World War	BB001Garhwal Rifles	Kennedy Peak, Burma
Mir Dast	British Indian	1915	First World War	BB05555th Coke's Rifles	Wieltje, Belgium
Fazal Din	British Indian	1945	Second World War	BB01010th Baluch Regiment	Meiktila, Burma
Ali Haidar	British Indian	1945	Second World War	BB01313th Frontier Force Rifles	Fusignano, Italy
Khudadad Khan	British Indian	1914	First World War	BB129129th Duke of Connaught's Own Baluchis	Hollebeke, Belgium
Shahamad Khan	British Indian	1916	First World War	BB08989th Punjab Regiment	Beit Ayeesa, Mesopotamia
Sher Shah	British Indian	1945*	Second World War	BB01616th Punjab Regiment	Kyeyebyin, Burma
Umrao Singh	British Indian	1944	Second World War	Royal Indian Artillery	Kaladan Valley, Burma
AAD	IrelandList of 195 Irish recipients	AAD	AAD	AA04	AAD
William Gordon	Jamaican	1892	Second Gambian Campaign	West India Regiment	Toniataba, Gambia
Nigel Leakey	Kenyan	1941*	Second World War	BB012King's African Rifles	Colito, Abyssinia
Robert Henry Cain	Manx	1944	Second World War	BB0022nd Battalion, South Staffordshire Regiment	Arnhem, Netherlands	^[9]
Gaje Ghale	Nepalese	1943	Second World War	BB0055th Royal Gurkha Rifles	Chin Hills, Burma
Bhanbhagta Gurung	Nepalese	1945	Second World War	BB0022nd Gurkha Rifles	Tamandu, Burma
Lachhiman Gurung	Nepalese	1945	Second World War	BB0088th Gurkha Rifles	Taungdaw, Burma
Thaman Gurung	Nepalese	1944*	Second World War	BB0055th Royal Gurkha Rifles	Monte San Bartolo, Italy
Ganju Lama	Nepalese	1944	Second World War	BB0077th Gurkha Rifles	Ningthoukhong, Burma
Rambahadur Limbu	Nepalese	1965	Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation	BB01010th Gurkha Rifles	Sarawak, Borneo
Tulbahadur Pun	Nepalese	1944	Second World War	BB0066th Gurkha Rifles	Mogaung, Burma
Agansing Rai	Nepalese	1944	Second World War	BB0055th Royal Gurkha Rifles	Bishenpur, Burma
Karanbahadur Rana	Nepalese	1918	First World War	BB0033rd Gurkha Rifles	El Kefr, Egypt
Kulbir Thapa	Nepalese	1915	First World War	BB0033rd Gurkha Rifles	Fauquissart, France
Netrabahadur Thapa	Nepalese	1944*	Second World War	BB0055th Royal Gurkha Rifles	Bishenpur, Burma
Sher Thapa	Nepalese	1944*	Second World War	BB0099th Gurkha Rifles	San Marino, Italy
Leslie Andrew	New Zealander	1917	First World War	Wellington Infantry Regiment	La Basse Ville, Belgium
Cyril Bassett	New Zealander	1915	First World War	New Zealand Divisional Signal Company	Gallipoli, Turkey
Donald Brown	New Zealander	1916	First World War	Otago Infantry Regiment	High Wood, France	^[10]
James Crichton	New Zealander	1918	First World War	BB500Auckland Infantry Regiment	Crèvecœur, France
Cecil D'arcy	New Zealander	1879	Anglo-Zulu War	Frontier Light Horse	Ulundi, South Africa
Keith Elliott	New Zealander	1942	Second World War	BB02222nd, 2nd New Zealand Division	Ruweisat, Egypt
Samuel Forsyth	New Zealander	1918*	First World War	Royal New Zealand Engineers	Grévillers, France
Bernard Freyberg	New Zealander	1916	First World War	BB06363rd (Royal Naval) Division	Beaucourt sur Ancre, France
Samuel Frickleton	New Zealander	1917	First World War	New Zealand Rifle Brigade	Messines, Belgium
John Grant	New Zealander	1918	First World War	Wellington Infantry Regiment	Bancourt, France
William Hardham	New Zealander	1901	Second Boer War	BB0044th New Zealand Contingent	Naauwpoort, South Africa
Charles Heaphy	New Zealander	1864	New Zealand Wars	BB501Auckland Militia	Mangapiko River, New Zealand
John Hinton	New Zealander	1941	Second World War	BB02020th, 2nd New Zealand Division	Kalamai, Greece
Clive Hulme	New Zealander	1941	Second World War	BB02323rd, 2nd New Zealand Division	Crete, Greece
Reginald Judson	New Zealander	1918	First World War	BB500Auckland Infantry Regiment	Bapaume, France
Harry Laurent	New Zealander	1918	First World War	New Zealand Rifle Brigade	Gouzeaucourt Wood, France
Moana-Nui-a-Kiwa Ngarimu	New Zealander	1943*	Second World War	BB02828th, 2nd New Zealand Division	Tebaga Gap, Tunisia
Henry Nicholas	New Zealander	1917	First World War	Canterbury Infantry Regiment	Polderhoek, Belgium
William Sanders	New Zealander	1917*	First World War	HMS Prize (HMS Prize)	Atlantic
Alfred Shout	New Zealander	1915*	First World War	First Australian Imperial Force	Gallipoli
Richard Travis	New Zealander	1918*	First World War	Otago Infantry Regiment	Rossignol Wood, France
Leonard Trent	New Zealander	1943	Second World War	No. 487 Squadron RNZAF	Amsterdam, Netherlands
Willie Apiata	New Zealander	2004	Afghanistan War	New Zealand Special Air Service	Afghanistan, Afghanistan
Lloyd Trigg	New Zealander	1943*	Second World War	No. 200 Squadron RAF	Atlantic
Charles Upham	New Zealander	1941 1942	Second World War	BB02020th, 2nd New Zealand Division	Crete, Greece, (1941), Ruweisat Ridge, Egypt (1942)	^[11]
James Ward	New Zealander	1941*	Second World War	No. 75 Squadron RNZAF	Munster, Germany
John Croak	Newfoundlander	1918*	First World War	BB01313th Battalion, CEF	Amiens, France	^[12]
Thomas Ricketts	Newfoundlander	1918	First World War	Royal Newfoundland Regiment	Ledeghem, Belgium	^[12]
Frank Baxter	Rhodesian	1896*	Matabeleland Rebellion	Bulawayo Field Force	Umguza, Rhodesia
Frederick Booth	Rhodesian	1917	First World War	British South Africa Police	Johannesburg, German East Africa	^[13]
Herbert Henderson	Rhodesian	1897	Matabeleland Rebellion	Bulawayo Field Force	Bulawayo, Rhodesia
AAE	ScotlandList of 164 Scottish recipients	AAE	AAE	AA05	AAE
Herman Albrecht	South African	1900*	Second Boer War	Imperial Light Horse	Ladysmith, South Africa
Andrew Beauchamp-Proctor	South African	1918	First World War	No. 84 Squadron RFC	Western Front, France
John Clements	South African	1901	Second Boer War	Rimington's Guides	Strijdenburg, South Africa
Joseph Crowe	South African	1857	Indian Mutiny	BB07878th Regiment of Foot	Boursekee Chowkee, India
Cecil D'arcy	South African	1879	Zulu War	Frontier Light Horse	Ulundi, South Africa
William Faulds	South African	1916	First World War	BB0011st South African Infantry	Delville Wood, France
George Gristock	South African	1940*	Second World War	Royal Norfolk Regiment	Tournai, Belgium
Edmund Hartley	South African	1879	Zulu War	Cape Mounted Riflemen	Morosi's Mountain, South Africa
Reginald Hayward	South African	1918	First World War	Wiltshire Regiment	Fremicourt, France
William Hewitt	South African	1917	First World War	BB0022nd South African Light Infantry	Ypres, Belgium
Horace Martineau	South African	1899	Second Boer War	Protectorate Regiment	Mafeking, South Africa
John McCrea	South African	1881	First Boer War	BB0011st Cape Mounted Yeomanry	Tweefontein, South Africa
Charles Mullins	South African	1899	Second Boer War	Imperial Light Horse	Elandslaagte, South Africa
Randolph Nesbitt	South African	1896	Mashona Rebellion	Mashonaland Mounted Police	Salisbury, Rhodesia
John Nettleton	South African	1942	Second World War	No. 44 (Rhodesia) Squadron RAF	Augsburg, Germany
Gerard Norton	South African	1944	Second World War	Kaffrarian Rifles	Monte Gidolfo, Italy
Oswald Reid	South African	1917	First World War	King's (Liverpool) Regiment	Dialah River, Mesopotamia
Clement Robertson	South African	1917	First World War	Queen's Royal Regiment	Zonnebeke, Belgium
John Sherwood-Kelly	South African	1917	First World War	Norfolk Regiment	Marcoing, France	^[14]
Quentin Smythe	South African	1942	Second World War	Natal Carbineers	Alem Hamza, Egypt
Edwin Swales	South African	1945	Second World War	South African Air Force	Pforzheim, Germany
Basil Horsfall	Sri Lankan (Ceylonese)	1918*	First World War	East Lancashire Regiment	Ablainzevelle, France
Peter Brown	Swedish	1879	Basuto Gun War	Mounted Riflemen	Morosi's Mountain, South Africa
Christian Schiess	Swiss	1879	Anglo-Zulu War	Natal Native Contingent	Rorke's Drift, South Africa
Filip Konowal	Ukrainian	1917	First World War	BB04747th (British Columbia)	Lens, France	^[5]
AAE	ScotlandList of 58 uncertain nationality recipients	AAE	AAE	AA05	AAE
Frederick Barter	Welsh	1915	First World War	Royal Welch Fusiliers	Festubert, France
Stephen Beattie	Welsh	1942	Second World War	HMS Campbeltown	Saint-Nazaire, France
Robert Bye	Welsh	1917	First World War	Welsh Guards	Yser Canal, Belgium
Edward Chapman	Welsh	1945	Second World War	Monmouthshire Regiment	Dortmund-Ems Canal, Germany
James Davies	Welsh	1917*	First World War	Royal Welch Fusiliers	Polygon Wood, Belgium
Lewis Evans	Welsh	1917	First World War	Black Watch (Royal Highlanders)	Zonnebeke, Belgium
John Fox-Russell	Welsh	1917*	First World War	Royal Army Medical Corps	Tel-el-Khuweilfeh, Palestine
William Fuller	Welsh	1914	First World War	Welch Regiment	Chivy-sur-Aisne, France
Robert Jones	Welsh	1879	Zulu War	BB02424th Regiment of Foot	Rorke's Drift, South Africa
Hubert Lewis	Welsh	1916	First World War	Welch Regiment	Macukovo, Greece
John Linton	Welsh	1943*	Second World War	HMS Turbulent	At sea
Thomas Monaghan	Welsh	1858	Indian Mutiny	BB0022nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays)	Jamo, India
Ivor Rees	Welsh	1917	First World War	South Wales Borderers	Pilkem, Belgium
Lionel Rees	Welsh	1916	First World War	Royal Flying Corps	Double Crassieurs, France
Hugh Rowlands	Welsh	1854	Crimean War	BB04141st (Welsh) Regiment of Foot	Battle of Inkerman, Crimea
Robert Shields	Welsh	1855	Crimean War	BB02323rd Regiment	Sebastopol, Crimea
Jacob Thomas	Welsh	1857	Indian Mutiny	Bengal Artillery	Lucknow, India
Richard Wain	Welsh	1917*	First World War	BB499"A" Battalion, Tank Corps	Cambrai/Marcoing, France
Bernard Warburton-Lee	Welsh	1940*	Second World War	British 2nd Destroyer Flotilla	Narvik, Norway	^[15]
William Waring	Welsh	1918*	First World War	Royal Welch Fusiliers	Ronssoy, France
Tasker Watkins	Welsh	1944	Second World War	Welch Regiment	Barfour, France
Henry Weale	Welsh	1918	First World War	Royal Welch Fusiliers	Bazentin-le-Grand, France
Jack Williams	Welsh	1918	First World War	South Wales Borderers	Villers Outreaux, France
John Williams	Welsh	1879	Zulu War	BB02424th Regiment of Foot	Rorke's Drift, South Africa
William Williams	Welsh	1917	First World War	HMS Pargust (HMS Pargust)	Atlantic, near France	^[16]

Notes

↑ "No. 27986". The London Gazette. 15 January 1907. p. 325.
↑ Crook, MJ, Chapter 8 pp.68–90
↑ "No. 31946". The London Gazette. 18 June 1920. p. 6702.
↑ "Museum Honours only Woman to have "Won VC""
1 2 3 4 Also considered Canadian recipient.
Ricketts, Bruce. "American Victoria Cross recipients". Mysteries of Canada. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
↑ Zengel was American born, considered Canadian.
Bishop, Arthur (September 2005). "On The Offensive In 1918". Legionmagazine. Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
↑ "Biography: John Bythesea VC". Royal Naval Museum. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
↑ "SIXTH SUPPLEMENT TO The London Gazette Of TUESDAY, the 8th of JANUARY, 1918". The London Gazette (30471): 725. 11 January 1918.
↑ "Second report of the Tynwald Honours Committee 2004/2005" (PDF). June 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2010. Retrieved 2009-11-03.
↑ Brown died in action three weeks after the action that led to his award.
Lintock, A.H. "Awards to New Zealand Servicemen". An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966. newzealand.govt.nz. Retrieved 2008-01-15.
↑ Charles Upham is one of only three people to have won the Victoria Cross twice.
Lintock, A.H. "Awards to New Zealand Servicemen". An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966. newzealand.govt.nz. Retrieved 2008-01-15.
1 2 Newfoundlander recipients of the Victoria Cross are sometimes erroneously included with Canadian awards, as Newfoundland became part of Canada in 1949.
"Memorial to fallen Newfoundland soldiers declared National Historic Site". Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. 1997-04-09. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
↑ Born in London
↑ Commanding officer of 1st Bn Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers at time
↑ and Captain of HMS Hardy
↑ Besly, Edward (2004-02-03). "A 'mystery' Victoria Cross and a stuffed parrot". National Museums & Galleries of Wales. Archived from the original on 27 May 2007.

References

"Victoria Cross Research page". Alfred J. Askin. Retrieved 2007-11-28.
"Victoria Cross Registers". National Archives (UK). Retrieved 2007-11-28.
Lintock, A.H. "Victoria Cross". An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966. newzealand.govt.nz. Retrieved 2008-01-15.
Sys, Ian. "Victoria Cross". Military History. South African Military History society. 1 (7). Archived from the original on 15 August 2007.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] "No. 27986". The London Gazette. 15 January 1907. p. 325.

[2] Crook, MJ, Chapter 8 pp.68–90

[3] "No. 31946". The London Gazette. 18 June 1920. p. 6702.

[4] "Museum Honours only Woman to have "Won VC""

[Also_Canadian-5] 1 2 3 4 Also considered Canadian recipient.
Ricketts, Bruce. "American Victoria Cross recipients". Mysteries of Canada. Retrieved 2008-01-26.

[6] Zengel was American born, considered Canadian.
Bishop, Arthur (September 2005). "On The Offensive In 1918". Legionmagazine. Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2008-01-26.

[7] "Biography: John Bythesea VC". Royal Naval Museum. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-16.

[8] "SIXTH SUPPLEMENT TO The London Gazette Of TUESDAY, the 8th of JANUARY, 1918". The London Gazette (30471): 725. 11 January 1918.

[9] "Second report of the Tynwald Honours Committee 2004/2005" (PDF). June 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2010. Retrieved 2009-11-03.

[10] Brown died in action three weeks after the action that led to his award.
Lintock, A.H. "Awards to New Zealand Servicemen". An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966. newzealand.govt.nz. Retrieved 2008-01-15.

[11] Charles Upham is one of only three people to have won the Victoria Cross twice.
Lintock, A.H. "Awards to New Zealand Servicemen". An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966. newzealand.govt.nz. Retrieved 2008-01-15.

[Newfoundland-12] 1 2 Newfoundlander recipients of the Victoria Cross are sometimes erroneously included with Canadian awards, as Newfoundland became part of Canada in 1949.
"Memorial to fallen Newfoundland soldiers declared National Historic Site". Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. 1997-04-09. Retrieved 2008-01-26.

[13] Born in London

[14] Commanding officer of 1st Bn Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers at time

[15] Captain of HMS Hardy

[16] Besly, Edward (2004-02-03). "A 'mystery' Victoria Cross and a stuffed parrot". National Museums & Galleries of Wales. Archived from the original on 27 May 2007.