List of R1a frequency by population

2009 as per Underhill et al. (2009)

R1a 
M420 

R1a1 
SRY1532.2 

  R1a1*

 R1a1a 
 M17, M198 

R1a1a *

M56
 

R1a1a1

M157
 

R1a1a2

M64.2,..
 

R1a1a3

P98
 

R1a1a4

PK5
 

R1a1a5

M434
 

R1a1a6

 M458 
 

 
M334 
 

R1a1a7a

R1a1a7*

rs34351054
 

R1a1a8

  R1a*

Haplogroup R1a is one of the major classifications (called clades) of Y-chromosome types found in human male lines. It is widespread all across Eurasia. Many sample studies therefore carry information on the incidence of R1a and/or its subclassifications, in particular the dominant branching line represented by the haplogroups R1a1 and R1a1a.

The table below collates information from a number of such sample studies, with incidence frequencies in sample data reported as percentages, along with the associated sample sizes.

Data

Continental Country Population Sample R1a1 = SRY1532.2 positive, M17/M198 not tested (%) R1a1* = SRY1532.2 positive, M17/M198 negative (%) R1a1a = SRY1532.2 positive, M17/M198 positive (%) Source
CaucasusOssetiansNorth134NA0.000.75Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeEstonia100NA0.0035.00Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeRomania335NA0.0017.01Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeCroatiaKrk (island)74NA0.0036.49Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeCroatiaBrac (island)49NA0.0024.49Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeCroatiaHvar (island)91NA0.006.59Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeCroatiaKorcula (island)134NA0.0015.67Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeCroatiamainland108NA0.0026.85Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeBosnia-HerzegovinaHerzegovina141NA0.0012.06Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeKosovoAlbanians114NA0.003.51Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeSerbia113NA0.0018.58Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeRepublic of MacedoniaMacedonia79NA0.0013.92Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeCzech Republic53NA0.0037.74Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeBelarusBrest97NA0.0058.8Underhill et al. (2014)
EuropeBelarus267NA0.0054.7Underhill et al. (2014)
EuropeBelarus50NA0.0042.00Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeRussiaRussians39NA0.0038.46Underhill et al. (2009)
Central AsiaTajiks, Turkmens38NA0.007.89Underhill et al. (2009)
North AsiaRussiaTuvas104NA0.007.69Underhill et al. (2009)
North AsiaRussiaAltaians58NA0.0041.38Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaJammu (Brahmin)61NA0.0037.70Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaUttar Pradesh (Brahmin)68NA0.0039.71Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaAndhra Pradesh (Brahmin)19NA0.0026.32Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaMadhya Pradesh (Brahmin)54NA0.0035.19Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaPunjab/Haryana (Khatri)15NA0.0067.00Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia India Gujarat (Bhanusali) 6 NA 0.00 67.00 Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaPunjab/Haryana (Ahir)24NA0.0063.00Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaUttar Pradesh (Brahmin)171NA0.0049.71Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaUttarakhand (Brahmin)21NA0.0047.62Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaWest Bengal (Brahmin)49NA0.0048.98Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia India Punjab/Haryana (Balmiki) 24 NA 0.00 33.00 Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia India Gujarat (Rabari) 34 NA 0.00 32.00 Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia India Gurajat (Dungari Bhil) 50 NA 0.00 26.00 Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia India Gurajat (Kathodi) 15 NA 0.00 40.00 Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia India Gurajat (Dungari Grassia) 51 NA 0.00 29.00 Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia India Gurajat (Koli) 24 NA 0.00 21.00 Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia India Rajasthan (Meena) 56 NA 0.00 38.00 Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia India Meo 16 NA 0.00 31.00 Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia India Manipuri 6 NA 0.00 50.00 Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaJharkhand (Asur)88NA0.005.68Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaJharkhand (Ho)45NA0.000.00Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaJharkhand (Mawasi)27NA0.003.70Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaMadhya Pradesh (Mawasi)12NA0.008.33Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaJharkhand (Mahali)32NA0.009.38Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaJharkhand (Santhal)20NA0.0010.00Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaChhattisgarh (Birhor)27NA0.003.70Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaMaharashtra (Birhor)35NA0.002.86Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaMadhya Pradesh (Baiga)23NA0.008.70Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaOdisha (Baiga)42NA0.002.38Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaChhattisgarh (Kharia)37NA0.005.41Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaOrissa (Savara)21NA0.009.52Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaRajasthan (Meghwal)50NA0.0030.00Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaMeghalaya (Garo)25NA0.004.00Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaMeghalaya (Khasi)21NA0.004.76Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaGujarat (Lohana)20NA0.0060.00Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaIran87NA0.0010.34Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia Pakistan Brahui (Dravidian speaking) 111 NA 0.00 35.00 Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia Pakistan Burusho 96 NA 0.00 25.00 Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia Pakistan Kashmiri 10 NA 0.00 50.00 Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia Pakistan Makrani (Negroid) 60 NA 0.00 25.00 Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaPakistanMohana70NA0.0071.00Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia Pakistan Parsi 90 NA 0.00 8.00 Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia Pakistan Pathan 96 NA 0.00 45.00 Underhill et al. (2009)
South AsiaPakistanSindhi134NA0.0049.00Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeTurkey89NA0.003.37Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusArmenia25NA0.004.00Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusMegrels67NA0.008.96Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusAbkhazes162NA0.009.26Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusAvars42NA0.002.38Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusChamalals27NA0.007.41Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusBagvalals28NA0.003.57Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusAndis49NA0.002.04Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusLezgis31NA0.000.00Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusDarginians68NA0.000.00Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusTabasarans43NA0.002.33Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusAdyghes160NA0.0011.25Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusKarachays69NA0.0027.54Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusKumyks76NA0.0013.16Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusBalkars136NA0.0025.74Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusCherkessians126NA0.0012.70Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusKabardians141NA0.7113.48Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusAbazas89NA0.0019.10Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusNogays87NA0.0012.64Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusKaranogays77NA0.009.09Underhill et al. (2009)
CaucasusTats10NA0.000.00Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeCrete193NA0.008.81Underhill et al. (2009)
Middle EastOman121NA0.009.09Underhill et al. (2009)
Middle EastIran150NA0.6712.67Underhill et al. (2009)
Middle EastUnited Arab Emirates164NA0.007.32Underhill et al. (2009)
Middle EastTurkey523NA0.006.88Underhill et al. (2009)
EuropeLithuaniaAukštaičiai10645.3NANAKasperaviciūte et al. (2005)
EuropeLithuaniaŽemaičiai9044.4NANAKasperaviciūte et al. (2005)
EuropeNorwayNorth37727.1NANADupuy et al. (2005)
EuropeNorwayMiddle31731.5NANADupuy et al. (2005)
EuropeNorwayWest30124.3NANADupuy et al. (2005)
EuropeNorwayEast49326.8NANADupuy et al. (2005)
EuropeNorwayBergen9328NANADupuy et al. (2005)
EuropeNorwayOslo10919.3NANADupuy et al. (2005)
EuropeNorwaySouth7613.2NANADupuy et al. (2005)
EuropeSpain/Portugallarge survey1140NA0.001.2Adams et al. (2008)
EuropeGreeceGreeks92NA0.0016.3Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeGreeceGreek Macedonian57NA1.8010.5Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeAlbania55NA0.009.1Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeBosniaSerbs81NA0.0013.6Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeBosniaBosniacs84NA0.0015.5Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeBosniaCroats90NA0.0012.2Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeCroatia89NA0.0027.0Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeHungary53NA0.0056.6Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeCzech Republic75NA0.0041.3Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropePoland99NA0.0056.6Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeUkraine92NA0.0050.0Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeGeorgia66NA0.0010.6Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeRussiaBalkarians38NA0.0013.2Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeRepublic of MacedoniaAlbanian language64NA0.001.6Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeCroatiaOsijek29NA0.0037.9Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeSloveniaSlovenians75NA0.0038.70Battaglia et al. (2008)
EuropeItalyNorth East67NA0.0010.4Battaglia et al. (2008)
--Ashkenazi Cohen76NA0.001.3Behar et al. (2003)
--Sephardi Cohen69NA0.005.8Behar et al. (2003)
Europe-Ashkenazi Levite60NA0.0051.7Behar et al. (2003)
--Sephardi Levite31NA0.003.2Behar et al. (2003)
Middle EastIsraelAshkenazi100NA0.004.0Behar et al. (2003)
Middle EastIsraelSephardi63NA0.001.6Behar et al. (2003)
EuropeGermany88NA0.0012.5Behar et al. (2003)
EuropeNorway83NA0.0021.7Behar et al. (2003)
EuropeGermanySorbs112NA0.0063.4Behar et al. (2003)
EuropeBelarus306NA0.3351.0Behar et al. (2003)
EuropeSpainSpanish Basques42NANA0.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeBritish CrownChannel Islands128NANA2.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandChippenham52NANA6.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandCornwall52NANA6.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandDorchester73NANA4.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandFaversham55NANA2.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandMidhurst80NANA1.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandMorpeth95NANA2.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandNorfolk121NANA2.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandPenrith90NANA2.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandSouthwell70NANA4.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandUttoxeter84NANA0.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeEnglandYork46NANA2.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeDenmark/GermanyDenmark/Schleswig-Holstein190NANA8.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeIrelandCastlerea43NANA0.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeBritish CrownIsle of Man62NANA8.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeNorway201NANA12.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeScotlandOrkney121NANA7.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeIrelandRush, Dublin76NANA1.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeScotlandDurness51NANA2.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeScotlandOban42NANA2.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeScotlandPitlochry41NANA0.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeScotlandStonehaven44NANA5.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeScotlandWestern Isles88NANA3.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeScotlandShetland63NANA6.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeWalesHaverfordwest59NANA2.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeWalesLlangefni80NANA1.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeWalesLlanidloes57NANA4.0Capelli et al. (2003)
EuropeTurkey523NANA6.9Cinnioğlu et al. (2004)
EuropeItalySicily236NANA5.5Di Gaetano et al. (2008)
EuropeGreece77NANA15.6Firasat et al. (2007)
South Asia India Charan (Gujarat) 42 NA NA 36.0 [1]
South Asia India Bharwad (Gujarat) 48 NA NA 17.0 [1]
South Asia India Gujarat Siddi (Afro Asian) 60 NA NA 5.0 [1]
South Asia India Karnataka Siddi (Afro Asian) 65 NA NA 3.0 [1]
South Asia India Medar (Dravidian tribe) 56 NA NA 39.0 [1]
South Asia India Gram Vokkal (Dravidian tribe) 54 NA NA 25.0 [1]
South Asia India Korava (Dravidian tribe) 38 NA NA 24.0 [1]
South Asia India Kare Vokkal (Dravidian tribe) 30 NA NA 27.0 [1]
South Asia India Pardhan (Dravidian tribe) 128 NA NA 12.5 [2]
South Asia India Andh (Dravidian tribe) 54 NA NA 31.5 [2]
South Asia India Naikpod (Dravidian tribe) 68 NA NA 19.11 [2]
South Asia India Kota (Dravidian tribe) 62 NA NA 22.58% [3]
South Asia India Tamil Yadhava (Dravidian) 107 NA NA 14.95% [3]
South Asia India Maravar (Dravidian) 80 NA NA 16.25% [3]
South Asia India Valayar (Dravidian) 95 NA NA 20.0% [3]
South Asia India Tamil Jains (Dravidian) 100 NA NA 18.0% [3]
South Asia India Ezhava (Dravidian) 95 NA NA 24.21% [3]
South Asia India Sourashtran (Tamil Nadu) 40 NA NA 40.0% [3]
South Asia India Vadama (Dravidian) 63 NA NA 47.62% [3]
South AsiaPakistanBurusho97NANA25.8Firasat et al. (2007)
South AsiaPakistanKalash44NANA18.2Firasat et al. (2007)
South AsiaPakistanPathan (Pashtun)96NANA44.8Firasat et al. (2007)
South AsiaPakistan638NANA37.1Firasat et al. (2007)
South AsiaNepalTharu Chitwan C. Terai 157NA0.0010.5Fornarino et al. (2009)
South AsiaNepalTharu Chitwan C. Terai 277NA0.003.9Fornarino et al. (2009)
South AsiaNepalTharu Chitwan E. Terai37NA0.0016.2Fornarino et al. (2009)
South AsiaNepal/IndiaHindus (proxy for Indian ancestry) Chitwan, Nepal26NA0.0069.2Fornarino et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaHindus New Delhi49NA0.0034.7Fornarino et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaAndhara Pradesh tribal29NA0.0027.6Fornarino et al. (2009)
EuropePoland913NANA57.0Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermany1215NANA17.9Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyBerlin103NANA22.3Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyLeipzig144NANA27.1Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyMagdeburg100NANA21Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyRostock96NANA31.3Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyGreifswald104NANA19.2Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyHamburg161NANA16.8Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyMünster102NANA7.8Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyFreiburg102NANA10.8Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyCologne96NANA15.6Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyMainz95NANA8.4Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGermanyMunich95NANA14.3Kayser et al. (2005)
EuropeGreeceNea Nikomedeia57NA0.0021.1King et al. (2008)
EuropeGreeceSesklo/Dimini57NA0.0010.5King et al. (2008)
EuropeGreeceLerna/Franchthi57NA0.001.8King et al. (2008)
EuropeGreeceCrete193NA0.508.3King et al. (2008)
EuropeGreeceCrete, Heraklion Prefecture104NA0.008.7Martinez et al. (2007)
EuropeGreeceCrete, Lasithi Plateau41NA0.0019.5Martinez et al. (2007)
EuropeGreeceCrete, Lasithi Prefecture23NA0.004.3Martinez et al. (2007)
EuropeUkraine94NANA43.6Kharkov et al. (2004)
EuropeBelarus68NANA45.6Kharkov et al. (2005)
North AsiaRussia (Altai Republic)Northern Altaians (Gorno-Altaisk)20NANA50.0Kharkov et al. (2007)
North AsiaRussia (Altai Republic)Northern Altaians (Kurmach-Baigol)11NANA18.2Kharkov et al. (2007)
North AsiaRussia (Altai Republic)Northern Altaians (Turochak)19NANA36.8Kharkov et al. (2007)
North AsiaRussia (Altai Republic)Southern Altaians (Beshpel'tir)43NANA58.1Kharkov et al. (2007)
North AsiaRussia (Altai Republic)Southern Altaians (Kulada)46NANA52.2Kharkov et al. (2007)
North AsiaRussia (Altai Republic)Southern Altaians (Kosh-Agach)7NANA28.6Kharkov et al. (2007)
EuropeEnglandWest Lancashire (2 gens)49NANA2.0Bowden et al. (2008)
EuropeEnglandWirral (2 gens)100NANA4.0Bowden et al. (2008)
EuropeEnglandWest Lancashire (medieval?)42NANA16.7Bowden et al. (2008)
EuropeEnglandWirral (medieval?)37NANA13.5Bowden et al. (2008)
South AsiaIndiaSouth India, Chenchu41NANA26.8Kivisild et al. (2003)
South AsiaIndiaSouth India, Koya41NANA2.4Kivisild et al. (2003)
South AsiaIndiaWest Bengal31NANA38.7Kivisild et al. (2003)
South AsiaIndiaKonkanastha Brahmins, Bombay43NANA41.9Kivisild et al. (2003)
South AsiaIndiaGujarat29NANA24.1Kivisild et al. (2003)
South AsiaIndiaLambadi35NANA8.6Kivisild et al. (2003)
South AsiaIndiaPunjab66NANA47.0Kivisild et al. (2003)
South AsiaSri LankaSinhalese8723.0NANATemplate:Kivisild (2003)a[4]
North AsiaRussiaTuvan40NANA7.5Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaTofalar19NANA5.3Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaBuryat13NANA0.0Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaYenisey Evenk31NANA9.7Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaOkhotsk Evenk16NANA0.0Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaUlchi/Nanai53NANA0.0Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaUpriver Negidal10NANA0.0Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaDownriver Negidal7NANA0.0Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaUgedey20NANA5.0Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaNivkh17NANA0.0Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaKamchatka, Koryak27NANA0.0Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaKamchatka, Itel\'man18NANA22.2Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaChukotka, Chukchi24NANA4.2Lell et al. (2002)
North AsiaRussiaChukotka, Asiatic Eskimo33NANA0.0Lell et al. (2002)
CaucasusRussiaAbazinians14NANA14.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusRussiaChechenians19NANA5.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusRussiaDarginians26NANA0.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusRussiaIngushians22NANA0.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusRussiaKabardinians59NANA2.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusRussiaLezgi (Dagestan)25NANA0.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusRussiaOssetians (Ardon)28NANA4.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusRussiaOssetians (Digora)31NANA0.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusRussiaRutulians24NANA0.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusGeorgiaAbkhazians12NANA33.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusArmeniaArmenians100NANA6.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusAzerbaijanAzerbaijanians72NANA7.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
CaucasusGeorgiaGeorgians77NANA10.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
EuropeTurkey39NANA13.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
Middle EastIranIsfahan50NANA18.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
Middle EastIranTehran80NANA20.0Nasidze et al. (2004)
South AsiaPakistanBalti13NANA46.15Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanBrahui (Dravidian speaking)110NANA39.09Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanBurusho94NANA27.67Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanKalash44NANA18.18Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanPakistan Kashmiri12NANA58.33Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanMakrani Baluch25NANA28.00Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanMakrani Negroid33NANA30.30Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanPakistan Parsi90NANA7.77Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanPathan (Pashtun)93NANA45.16Qamar et al. (2002)
South AsiaPakistanPakistan Sindhi122NANA49.18Qamar et al. (2002)
EuropeAlbaniaAlbanian51NANA9.8Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeFranceFrench Basque22NANA0.0Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeSpainSpanish Basque45NANA0.0Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeItalyCalabrian37NANA0.0Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeSpainCatalan24NANA0.0Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeItalyCentral/Northern50NANA4.0Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeCroatiaCroatian58NANA29.3Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeCzech Republic/SlovakiaCzech/Slovak45NANA26.7Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeNetherlandsDutch27NANA3.7Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeGeorgiaGeorgian63NANA7.9Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeGermanyGerman16NANA6.2Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeGreeceGreek76NANA11.8Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeHungaryHungarian45NANA60.0Semino et al. (2000)
Middle EastLebanonLebanese31NANA9.7Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeGreeceGreek Macedonian20NANA35.0Semino et al. (2000)
EuropePolandPolish55NANA56.4Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeSaami24NANA8.3Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeItalySardinian1204NANA1.3Francalacci et al. (2013)
EuropeSyriaSyrian20NANA10.0Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeTurkeyTurkish30NANA6.6Semino et al. (2000)
AsiaRussiaUdmurt43NANA37.2Semino et al. (2000)
EuropeUkraineUkrainian50NANA54.0Semino et al. (2000)
South AsiaPakistan85NANA16.5Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaRajput(Rajasthan)29NANA31.3Sengupta et al. (2005)
South Asia India Pallan(Dravidian) 29 NA NA 24.14 Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaPakistanSouthern91NANA31.9Sengupta et al. (2005)
Southeast AsiaCambodia6NANA0.0Sengupta et al. (2005)
East AsiaChina128NANA0.0Sengupta et al. (2005)
East AsiaJapan23NANA0.0Sengupta et al. (2005)
North AsiaSiberia18NANA0.0Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaTribe (Austro-Asiatic)64NANA0.0Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaTribe (Dravidian)18NANA2.8Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaTribe (Tibeto-Burman)87NANA4.6Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaTribe (Indo-European)21NANA19.1Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaDravidian Upper Caste59NANA28.8Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaDravidian Middle Caste85NANA11.8Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaDravidian Lower Caste29NANA24.1Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaIndo-European Upper Caste86NANA45.4Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaIndo-European Middle Caste48NANA50.4Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaIndo-European Lower Caste50NANA26.0Sengupta et al. (2005)
South AsiaIndiaKashmiri Gujars49NA0.0040.86Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaKashmiri Pandits51NA3.9219.61Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaGujarat Brahmins64NA0.0032.81Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaBihar Paswan27NA0.0040.74Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaBihar Brahmins38NA0.0060.53Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaHimachal Pradesh Brahmins30NA0.0047.37Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaIndian Punjab Brahmins49NA0.0035.71Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaWest Bengal Brahmins30NA0.0072.22Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaUttar Pradesh Brahmins31NA0.0067.74Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaUttar Pradesh Kols38NA0.0014.81Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaMadhya Pradesh Saharia57NA22.828.07Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaMadhya Pradesh Brahmins42NA0.0038.1Sharma et al. (2009)
South AsiaIndiaMaharashtra Brahmins32NA0.0043.33Sharma et al. (2009)
EuropeMoldovaMoldavians, Karahasan72NANA34.7Varzari (2006)
EuropeMoldavaMoldavians Sofia, Moldava54NANA20.4Varzari (2006)
EuropeRomaniaDniester-Carpathian-NANA20.4Varzari (2006)
EuropeUkraineUkrainians, Rashkovo53NANA41.5Varzari (2006)
EuropeMoldavaGagauzes, Kongaz48NANA12.5Varzari (2006)
EuropeUkraineGagauzes, Etulia41NANA26.8Varzari (2006)
East AsiaChinaDongxiang (Mongolian descent)49NA0?28.0Wang et al. (2003)
East AsiaChinaSalar (Central Asian Turkish descent?)52NA0?17.0Wang et al. (2003)
East AsiaChinaBo\'an (Bonan) Mongolian descent47NA0?26.0Wang et al. (2003)
CaucasusArmeniaArarat44NA0.000.0Weale et al. (2001)
CaucasusArmenia/Georgia\"Northern Armenians\"189NA0.534.2Weale et al. (2001)
CaucasusArmeniaSyunik (South Armenia)140NA0.009.3Weale et al. (2001)
CaucasusAzerbaijan/ArmeniaKarabakh215NA0.005.6Weale et al. (2001)
Middle EastIranIsfahan, New Julfa, (Armenian descent)56NA0.001.8Weale et al. (2001)
EuropeTurkeynear Armenia90NA1.113.3Weale et al. (2001)
EuropeTurkeyIstanbul University173NA0.0010.4Weale et al. (2001)
CaucasusAzerbaijanBaku29NA0.0010.3Weale et al. (2001)
Middle EastSyriaDamascus University44NA0.002.3Weale et al. (2001)
CaucasusGeorgiaTbilisi68NA0.004.4Weale et al. (2001)
EuropeGreeceAthens132NA0.006.1Weale et al. (2001)
EuropeMongoliasoldiers mainly from Khalkh402NA0.002.5Weale et al. (2001)
EuropeHungary215NA1.4024.2Völgyi et al. (2008)
EuropeWalesNorth Wales98NANA1.0Weale et al. (2002)
EuropeEnglandEnglish Midlands136NANA4.4Weale et al. (2002)
EuropeEnglandEast Anglia173NANA4.6Weale et al. (2002)
EuropeNetherlandsFriesland94NANA7.4Weale et al. (2002)
EuropeNorway83NANA21.7Weale et al. (2002)
EuropeEngland/Scotland/Wales?British25NANA0.0Wells et al. (2001)
EuropeScotlandOrkney26NANA27.0Wells et al. (2001)
EuropeRussiaPomor28NANA36.0Wells et al. (2001)
EuropeRussiaRussian, North49NANA43.0Wells et al. (2001)
AsiaRussiaRussian, Tashkent89NANA47.0Wells et al. (2001)
EuropeRussiaKazan Tatar38NANA24.0Wells et al. (2001)
EuropeRussiaSaami23NANA22.0Wells et al. (2001)
AsiaRussiaNenets54NANA11.0Wells et al. (2001)
Middle EastLebanon50NANA0.0Wells et al. (2001)
Middle EastIranTehran24NANA4.0Wells et al. (2001)
Middle EastIranShiraz12NANA0.0Wells et al. (2001)
Middle EastIranEsfahan16NANA0.0Wells et al. (2001)
CaucasusGeorgiaSvans (Svanetians)25NANA8.0Wells et al. (2001)
CaucasusGeorgiaKazbegi25NANA4.0Wells et al. (2001)
CaucasusGeorgiaSouth Ossetians17NANA6.0Wells et al. (2001)
CaucasusAzerbaijanLezgi in Azerbaijan12NANA8.0Wells et al. (2001)
CaucasusAzerbaijanAzerbaijanians21NANA10.0Wells et al. (2001)
CaucasusArmeniaArmenians47NANA9.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaAfghanistanPashtuns49NANA51.02Haber et al. (2012)
Central AsiaAfghanistanTajiks56NANA30.36Haber et al. (2012)
Central AsiaAfghanistanHazara60NANA6.66Haber et al. (2012)
Central AsiaAfghanistanUzbeks17NANA17.64Haber et al. (2012)
Central AsiaAfghanistanBalochs13NANA0.0Haber et al. (2012)
Central AsiaAfghanistanNuristanis5NANA60.0Haber et al. (2012)
Central AsiaTurkmenistanTurkmen30NANA7.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaTurkmenistanTurkmenistan Kurd17NANA12.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanSinte Romani15NANA0.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanIranian (Samarkand)53NANA11.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanTajik (Samarkand)40NANA25.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanArab Bukhara42NANA19.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanCrimean Tartar22NANA32.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanKarakalpak44NANA18.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanUzbek/ Kashkadarya19NANA16.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanUzbek/ Bukhara58NANA28.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanUzbek/ Surkhandarya68NANA29.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanUzbek/ Khorezm70NANA30.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanUzbek/ Tashkent43NANA28.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanUzbek/ Fergana Valley63NANA22.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaUzbekistanSamarkand45NANA13.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaTajikistanIshkashimi (near Afghanistan)25NANA68.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaTajikistanBartangi30NANA40.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaTajikistanShugnan44NANA23.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaTajikistanYagnobi31NANA16.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaTajikistanTajiks/Panjikent22NANA64.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaTajikistanTajiks/Dushanbe16NANA19.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaKyrgyzstanKyrgyz52NANA63.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaKyrgyzstanDungan (Sino-Tibetan)40NANA10.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaKazakhstanKazakhs54NANA4.0Wells et al. (2001)
Central AsiaKazakhstanUighur41NANA22.0Wells et al. (2001)
South AsiaIndiaSouth India Sourashtran46NANA39.0Wells et al. (2001)
South AsiaIndiaSouth India Kallar Dravidian84NANA4.0Wells et al. (2001)
South AsiaIndiaSouth India Yadhava129NANA13.0Wells et al. (2001)
North AsiaRussiaTuvinian42NANA14.0Wells et al. (2001)
North AsiaMongolia24NANA4.0Wells et al. (2001)
East AsiaKorea45NANA0.0Wells et al. (2001)
East AsiaChinaLiqian from Yongchang87NANA1.1Zhou et al. (2007)
East AsiaChinaYugur from Su\'nan52NANA1.9Zhou et al. (2007)
East AsiaChinaTibetan from Guide, Qinghai39NANA2.6Zhou et al. (2007)
East AsiaChinaUygurs from Urumqi49NANANAZhou et al. (2007)
EuropeItalySardinia100.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeEnglandCornwall510.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeSpainBasque260.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropePortugalNorthern3280.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
North AfricaAlgeria270.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
North Africa1290.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
North AfricaTunisiaJerbian Arabs46NA4.34.3Ennafaa et al. (2011)
EuropeFinland5710.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeBulgaria2412.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeNetherlands8413.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeGermanyBavarian8015.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeSwedenGotlander6416.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeYugoslavian10016.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeRussiaChuvash1718.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeSwedenNorthern4819.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeRomania4520.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeIceland2821.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeSaami4821.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeHungary3622.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeEstonia20727.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeRussiaMari4829.0 (Tambets disagrees)NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeUkraineUkraine2730.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeGermany3030.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeNorway5231.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeLithuania3834.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeSlovenia7037.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeCzech Republic5338.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeBelarus4139.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeLatvia3441.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
AsiaRussia12247.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeSlovakia7047.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropePoland11254.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeIreland571.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeOssetia472.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeCyprus452.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeItaly992.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeSpain1262.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropePortugalSouthern572.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeBelgium924.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeTurkey1675.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeFrance405.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeGeorgia646.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeArmenia896.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeDenmark567.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeScotlandWestern1207.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeScotland437.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeGreece368.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeEnglandEast Anglia1729.0NANARosser et al. (2000)
EuropeIceland18123.8NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeNorway11217.9NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeSweden11017.3NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeDenmark1216.7NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeIreland2220.5NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeScotland616.6NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeBritain329.4NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeGermany329.4NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeGreece424.8NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeItaly3322.7NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
AsiaRussia3043.3NANAHelgason et al. (2000)
EuropeBulgariaBulgarian80817.5NANATemplate:Karachanak et al.
EuropeCroatiaMainland10834.3NANAPericic et al. (2005)
EuropeBosnia-HerzogivinaBosnians6924.6NANAPericic et al. (2005)
EuropeBosnia-HerzogivinaHerzogivinians14112.1NANAPericic et al. (2005)
EuropeSerbiaSerbians11315.9NANAPericic et al. (2005)
EuropeKosovaAlbanians1144.4NANAPericic et al. (2005)
EuropeRepublic of MacedoniaMacedonians7915.2NANAPericic et al. (2005)
EuropeRepublic of MacedoniaRomani571.8NANAPericic et al. (2005)
EuropeCroatiaMainland10933.9NANABarać et al. (2003)
EuropeCroatiaKrk7428.0NANABarać et al. (2003)
EuropeCroatiaBrač4913.0NANABarać et al. (2003)
EuropeCroatiaHvar918.0NANABarać et al. (2003)
EuropeCroatiaKorčula13427.0NANABarać et al. (2003)
EuropeRussiaNorth38034.20NANABalanovsky et al. (2008)
EuropeRussiaCentral36446.50NANABalanovsky et al. (2008)
EuropeRussiaSouth48455.40NANABalanovsky et al. (2008)
EuropePortugal5531.27NANAGonçalves et al. (2005)
EuropeSwedenSwedes14118.4NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeEstoniaEstonians20933.5NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeLatviaLatvians8638.4NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeRussiaMari11147.7 (Rosser disagrees)NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeRussiaMordvin8326.5NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeRussiaKomi9433NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeRussiaUdmurt8710.3NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeRussiaChuvash7931.6NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeRussiaVolga Tatars12634.1NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeFranceFrench610NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeHungaryHungarians11320.4NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeRussiaRussians6142.6NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussiaKhant474.3NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussiaNganasan380NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussiaNenets1480NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussiaSelkup13119.1NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussiaKet480NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussiaDolgan6716.4NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussiaYakut1551.9NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussiaBuryat811.2NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussiaEvenk961NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussiaEvens316.5NANATambets et al. (2004)
North AsiaRussiaAltaians9846.9NANATambets et al. (2004)
EuropeNorwayNorwegians7223.6NANAPassarino et al. (2002)
EuropeDenmarkDanes19416.5NANASanchez et al. (2003)
EuropeTurkeyKurds Zazaki speakers27NANA25.9Nasidze et al. (2005)
EuropeTurkeyKurds Kurmanji speakers87NANA12.7Nasidze et al. (2005)
Middle EastIraqKurds95NANA11.6Brinkmann et al. (1999)
CaucasusGeorgiaKurds25NANA0.0Nasidze et al. (2005)
Middle EastJordanAmman101NANA2.0Flores et al. (2005)
Middle EastJordanDead Sea45NANA0.0Flores et al. (2005)
Middle EastIraqBaghdad, different ethnic groups139NANA6.5Al Zahery et al. (2003)
EuropeRussiaArkhangelsk28NA0.0017.9Mirabal et al. (2009)
North AsiaRussiaKhanty27NA0.0014.8Mirabal et al. (2009)
EuropeRussiaIzhenski Komi54NA0.0029.6Mirabal et al. (2009)
EuropeRussiaPriluzki Komi49NA0.0032.7Mirabal et al. (2009)
EuropeRussiaKursk region Russian40NA0.0052.5Mirabal et al. (2009)
EuropeRussiaTver region Russian38NA0.0057.9Mirabal et al. (2009)

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Shah, Anish M.; Tamang, Rakesh; Moorjani, Priya; Rani, Deepa Selvi; Govindaraj, Periyasamy; Kulkarni, Gururaj; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy; Mustak, Mohammed S.; Bhaskar, L.V.K.S. (2011-07-15). "Indian Siddis: African Descendants with Indian Admixture". American Journal of Human Genetics. 89 (1): 154–161. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.030. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 3135801. PMID 21741027.
  2. 1 2 3 Thanseem, Ismail; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Singh, Vijay Kumar; Bhaskar, Lakkakula VKS; Reddy, B Mohan; Reddy, Alla G; Singh, Lalji (2006-08-07). "Genetic affinities among the lower castes and tribal groups of India: inference from Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA". BMC Genetics. 7: 42. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-7-42. ISSN 1471-2156. PMC 1569435. PMID 16893451.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ArunKumar, GaneshPrasad; Soria-Hernanz, David F.; Kavitha, Valampuri John; Arun, Varatharajan Santhakumari; Syama, Adhikarla; Ashokan, Kumaran Samy; Gandhirajan, Kavandanpatti Thangaraj; Vijayakumar, Koothapuli; Narayanan, Muthuswamy (2012-11-28). "Population Differentiation of Southern Indian Male Lineages Correlates with Agricultural Expansions Predating the Caste System". PLOS ONE. 7 (11): e50269. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...750269A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050269. ISSN 1932-6203.
  4. Kivisild (2003)a, In Bellwood P, Renfrew C. Examining the farming/language dispersal hypothesis (PDF). McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom. pp. 215–222. "The Genetics of Language and Farming Spread in India" (PDF).

References

  • Adams; Bosch, Elena; Balaresque, Patricia L.; Ballereau, StéPhane J.; Lee, Andrew C.; Arroyo, Eduardo; López-Parra, Ana M.; Aler, Mercedes; Grifo, Marina S. Gisbert; Brion, Maria; Carracedo, Angel; Lavinha, João; Martínez-Jarreta, Begoña; Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Picornell, Antònia; Ramon, Misericordia; Skorecki, Karl; Behar, Doron M.; Calafell, Francesc; Jobling, Mark A. (2008), "The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula", American Journal of Human Genetics, 83 (6): 725–36, doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.11.007, PMC 2668061, PMID 19061982
  • Al Zahery; Semino, O.; Benuzzi, G.; Magri, C.; Passarino, G.; Torroni, A.; Santachiara-Benerecetti, A.S. (2003), "Y-chromosome and mtDNA polymorphisms in Iraq, a crossroad of the early human dispersal and of post-Neolithic migrations" (PDF), Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 28 (3): 458–472, doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00039-3, PMID 12927131
  • Balanovsky, Oleg; Rootsi, Siiri; Pshenichnov, Andrey; Kivisild, Toomas; Churnosov, Michail; Evseeva, Irina; Pocheshkhova, Elvira; Boldyreva, Margarita; et al. (2008), "Two Sources of the Russian Patrilineal Heritage in Their Eurasian Context", AJHG, 82 (1): 236–250, doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.019, PMC 2253976, PMID 18179905
  • Bamshad; Kivisild, T; Watkins, WS; Dixon, ME; Ricker, CE; Rao, BB; Naidu, JM; Prasad, BV; et al. (2001), "Genetic evidence on the origins of Indian caste populations", Genome Research, 11 (6), pp. 994–1004, doi:10.1101/gr.GR-1733RR, PMC 311057, PMID 11381027 .
  • Barać, L; Pericić M; Klarić IM; et al. (July 2003), "Y chromosomal heritage of Croatian population and its island isolates" (PDF), European Journal of Human Genetics, 11 (7): 535–42, doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200992, PMID 12825075.
  • Battaglia, V.; Fornarino, Simona; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Olivieri, Anna; Pala, Maria; Myres, Natalie M; King, Roy J; Rootsi, Siiri; et al. (2008), "Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe", European Journal of Human Genetics, 17 (6): 820–830, doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.249, PMC 2947100, PMID 19107149
  • Behar; Thomas, Mark G.; Skorecki, Karl; Hammer, Michael F.; Bulygina, Ekaterina; Rosengarten, Dror; Jones, Abigail L.; Held, Karen; et al. (2003), "Multiple Origins of Ashkenazi Levites: Y Chromosome Evidence for Both Near Eastern and European Ancestries", American Journal of Human Genetics, 73 (4), pp. 768–779, doi:10.1086/378506, PMC 1180600, PMID 13680527, archived from the original ( Scholar search) on 2012-12-11 . Also at http://www.ucl.ac.uk/tcga/tcgapdf/Behar-AJHG-03.pdf and http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/400971.pdf
  • Bowden; Balaresque, P.; King, T. E.; Hansen, Z.; Lee, A. C.; Pergl-Wilson, G.; Hurley, E.; Roberts, S. J.; et al. (2008), "Excavating Past Population Structures by Surname-Based Sampling: The Genetic Legacy of the Vikings in Northwest England", Molecular Biology and Evolution, 25 (2): 301–309, doi:10.1093/molbev/msm255, PMC 2628767, PMID 18032405
  • Capelli, Cristian; Redhead, Nicola; Abernethy, Julia K.; Gratrix, Fiona; Wilson, James F.; Moen, Torolf; Hervig, Tor; Richards, Martin; et al. (2003), "A Y Chromosome Census of the British Isles", Current Biology, 13 (11): 979–84, doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00373-7, PMID 12781138 also at http://www.ucl.ac.uk/tcga/tcgapdf/capelli-CB-03.pdf
  • Cinnioğlu, Cengiz; King, Roy; Kivisild, Toomas; Kalfoglu, Ersi; Atasoy, Sevil; Cavalleri, Gianpiero L.; Lillie, Anita S.; Roseman, Charles C.; Lin, Alice A.; Prince, Kristina; Oefner, Peter J.; Shen, Peidong; Semino, Ornella; Cavalli-Sforza, L. Luca; Underhill, Peter A. (2004), "Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia" (PDF), Hum Genet, 114 (2): 127–48, doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1031-4, PMID 14586639
  • Cordaux; Aunger, Robert; Bentley, Gillian; Nasidze, Ivane; Sirajuddin, S.M.; Stoneking, Mark (2004), "Independent Origins of Indian Caste and Tribal Paternal Lineages", Current Biology, 14 (3): 231–235, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.024, PMID 14761656
  • Dupuy; Stenersen, M; Lu, TT; Olaisen, B (2005), "Geographical heterogeneity of Y-chromosomal lineages in Norway" (PDF), Forensic Science International, 164 (1): 10–19, doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.11.009, PMID 16337760
  • Ennafaa, Hajer; Fregel, Rosa; Khodjet-el-khil, Houssein; Gonzalez, Ana M; Mahmoudi, Hejer Abdallah El; Cabrera, Vicente M; Larruga, José M; Benammar-Elgaaïed, Amel (2011), "Mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome microstructure in Tunisia", Journal of Human Genetics, 56 (10): 734–41, doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.92, PMID 21833004
  • Firasat; Khaliq, Shagufta; Mohyuddin, Aisha; Papaioannou, Myrto; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Underhill, Peter A; Ayub, Qasim (2007), "Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan", European Journal of Human Genetics, 15 (1): 121–126, doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726, PMC 2588664, PMID 17047675
  • Fornarino; Pala, Maria; Battaglia, Vincenza; Maranta, Ramona; Achilli, Alessandro; Modiano, Guido; Torroni, Antonio; Semino, Ornella; Santachiara-Benerecetti, Silvana A (2009), "Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome diversity of the Tharus (Nepal): a reservoir of genetic variation", BMC Evolutionary Biology, 9: 154, doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-154, PMC 2720951, PMID 19573232
  • Helgason; Sigurðardóttir, Sigrún; Nicholson, Jayne; Sykes, Bryan; Hill, Emmeline W.; Bradley, Daniel G.; Bosnes, Vidar; Gulcher, Jeffery R.; et al. (2000), "Estimating Scandinavian and Gaelic Ancestry in the Male Settlers of Iceland", American Journal of Human Genetics, 67 (3): 697–717, doi:10.1086/303046, PMC 1287529, PMID 10931763
  • Kasperaviciūte; Kučinskas, V.; Stoneking, M. (2005), "Y Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Lithuanians", Annals of Human Genetics, 68 (5): 438–452, doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00119.x, PMID 15469421
  • Kayser, Manfred; Lao, Oscar; Anslinger, Katja; Augustin, Christa; Bargel, Grazyna; Edelmann, Jeanett; Elias, Sahar; Heinrich, Marielle; et al. (2005), "Significant genetic differentiation between Poland and Germany follows present-day political borders, as revealed by Y-chromosome analysis", Human Genetics, 117 (5): 428–443, doi:10.1007/s00439-005-1333-9, PMID 15959808 A copy can be found here https://web.archive.org/web/20090304100323/http://dirkschweitzer.net/E3b-papers/HG-05-428-Poland-Germany.pdf.
  • Kharkov, V. N.; Stepanov, V. A.; Borinskaya, S. A.; Kozhekbaeva, Zh. M.; Gusar, V. A.; Grechanina, E. Ya.; Puzyrev, V. P.; Khusnutdinova, E. K.; Yankovsky, N. K. (2004), "Gene Pool Structure of Eastern Ukrainians as Inferred from the Y-Chromosome Haplogroups", Russian Journal of Genetics, 40 (3): 326–331, doi:10.1023/B:RUGE.0000021635.80528.2f A copy can be found here .
  • Kharkov, V. N.; Stepanov, V. A.; Feshchenko, S. P.; Borinskaya, S. A.; Yankovsky, N. K.; Puzyrev, V. P. (2005), "Frequencies of Y Chromosome Binary Haplogroups in Belarusians", Russian Journal of Genetics, 41 (8): 928–931, doi:10.1007/s11177-005-0182-x A copy can be found here .
  • Kharkov; Stepanov, V. A.; Medvedeva, O. F.; Spiridonova, M. G.; Voevoda, M. I.; Tadinova, V. N.; Puzyrev, V. P. (2007), "Gene Pool Differences between Northern and Southern Altaians Inferred from the Data on Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups" (PDF), Russian Journal of Genetics, 43 (5): 551–562, doi:10.1134/S1022795407050110
  • King, R. J.; Özcan, S. S.; Carter, T.; Kalfoğlu, E.; Atasoy, S.; Triantaphyllidis, C.; Kouvatsi, A.; Lin, A. A.; et al. (2008), "Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian Influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic" (PDF), Annals of Human Genetics, 72 (2): 205–214, doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00414.x, PMID 18269686, archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-05
  • Kivisild; Rootsi, S.; Metspalu, M.; Mastana, S.; Kaldma, K.; Parik, J.; Metspalu, E.; Adojaan, M.; Tolk, H.-V.; Stepanov, V.; Gölge, M.; Usanga, E.; Papiha, S.S.; Cinnioğlu, C.; King, R.; Cavalli-Sforza, L.; Underhill, P.A.; Villems, R. (2003), "The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations", AJHG, 72 (2), pp. 313–32, doi:10.1086/346068, PMC 379225, PMID 12536373 .
  • Lell, Jeffrey T.; Sukernik, Rem I.; Starikovskaya, Yelena B.; Su, Bing; Jin, Li; Schurr, Theodore G.; Underhill, Peter A.; Wallace, Douglas C. (2002), "The Dual Origin and Siberian Affinities of Native American Y Chromosomes" (PDF), American Journal of Human Genetics, 70 (1): 192–206, doi:10.1086/338457, PMC 384887, PMID 11731934, archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-09
  • Luca, F.; Di Giacomo, F.; Benincasa, T.; Popa, L.O.; Banyko, J.; Kracmarova, A.; Malaspina, P.; Novelletto, A.; Brdicka, R. (2006), "Y-Chromosomal Variation in the Czech Republic", American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 132 (1): 132–9, doi:10.1002/ajpa.20500, PMID 17078035
  • Malaspina; et al. (2003), Analysis of Y-chromosome variation in modern populations at the European-Asian border (PDF), pp. 309–313 in K. Boyle, C. Renfrew, and M. Levine, eds. Ancient interactions: east and west in Eurasia. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Monograph Series, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
  • Marjanovic D, Fornarino S, Montagna S, et al. (November 2005), "The peopling of modern Bosnia-Herzegovina: Y-chromosome haplogroups in the three main ethnic groups", Annals of Human Genetics, 69 (Pt 6): 757–63, doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00190.x, PMID 16266413.
  • Mirabal; Regueiro, Maria; Cadenas, Alicia M; Cavalli-Sforza, L Luca; Underhill, Peter A; Verbenko, Dmitry A; Limborska, Svetlana A; Herrera, Rene J (2009), "Y-Chromosome distribution within the geo-linguistic landscape of northwestern Russia", European Journal of Human Genetics, 17 (10): 1260–1273, doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.6, PMC 2986641, PMID 19259129
  • Mukherjee; Nebel, Almut; Oppenheim, Ariella; Majumder, Partha P. (2001), "High-resolution analysis of Y-chromosomal polymorphisms reveals signatures of population movements from central Asia and West Asia into India", Journal of Genetics (published December 2001), 80 (3), pp. 125–135, doi:10.1007/BF02717908, PMID 11988631 .
  • Nasidze, I.; Ling, E. Y. S.; Quinque, D.; Dupanloup, I.; Cordaux, R.; Rychkov, S.; Naumova, O.; Zhukova, O.; et al. (2004), "Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus" (PDF), Annals of Human Genetics, 68 (3): 205–221, doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00092.x, PMID 15180701, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-08
  • Francalacci (2013), Low-Pass DNA Sequencing of 1200 Sardinians Reconstructs European Y-Chromosome Phylogeny Low-Pass DNA Sequencing of 1200 Sardinians Reconstructs European Y-Chromosome Phylogeny Check |url= value (help)
  • Nasidze; Quinque, Dominique; Ozturk, Murat; Bendukidze, Nina; Stoneking, Mark (2005), "MtDNA and Y-chromosome Variation in Kurdish Groups" (PDF), Annals of Human Genetics, 69 (4): 401–412, doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2005.00174.x, PMID 15996169, archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-08-23
  • Passarino; Semino, Ornella; Magri, Chiara; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Benuzzi, Giorgia; Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Andellnovic, Slmun; Bullc-Jakus, Floriana; Liu, Aiping; Arslan, Ahmet; Santachiara-Benerecetti, A.Silvana (2001), "The 49a,f haplotype 11 is a new marker of the EU19 lineage that traces migrations from northern regions of the black sea", Hum. Immunol., 62 (9), pp. 922–932, doi:10.1016/S0198-8859(01)00291-9, PMID 11543894 .
  • Passarino; Cavalleri, Gianpiero L; Lin, Alice A; Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca; Børresen-Dale, Anne-Lise; Underhill, Peter A (2002), "Different genetic components in the Norwegian population revealed by the analysis of mtDNA and Y chromosome polymorphisms", European Journal of Human Genetics, 10 (9), pp. 521–9, doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200834, PMID 12173029 .
  • Pericic; Lauc, LB; Klarić, IM; Rootsi, S; Janićijevic, B; Rudan, I; Terzić, R; Colak, I; et al. (2005), "High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations", Mol. Biol. Evol., 22 (10), pp. 1964–75, doi:10.1093/molbev/msi185, PMID 15944443 .
  • Qamar; Ayub, Qasim; Mohyuddin, Aisha; Helgason, Agnar; Mazhar, Kehkashan; Mansoor, Atika; Zerjal, Tatiana; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Mehdi, S. Qasim (2002), "Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in Pakistan", American Journal of Human Genetics, 70 (5): 1107–1124, doi:10.1086/339929, PMC 447589, PMID 11898125
  • Quintana-Murci; Krausz, C; Zerjal, T; Sayar, SH; Hammer, MF; Mehdi, SQ; Ayub, Q; Qamar, R; et al. (2001), "Y-chromosome lineages trace diffusion of people and languages in southwestern Asia", American Journal of Human Genetics, 68 (2): 537–542, doi:10.1086/318200, PMC 1235289, PMID 11133362
  • Regueiro, M.; Cadenas, A.M.; Gayden, T.; Underhill, P.A.; Herrera, R.J. (2006), "Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration" (PDF), Hum Hered, 61 (3): 132–143, doi:10.1159/000093774, PMID 16770078
  • Rosser, Z; Zerjal, T; Hurles, M; Adojaan, M; Alavantic, D; Amorim, A; Amos, W; Armenteros, M; et al. (2000), "Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Europe Is Clinal and Influenced Primarily by Geography, Rather than by Language", American Journal of Human Genetics, 67 (6): 1526–1543, doi:10.1086/316890, PMC 1287948, PMID 11078479, archived from the original on 2008-05-06
  • Saha; Sharma, Swarkar; Bhat, Audesh; Pandit, Awadesh; Bamezai, Ramesh (2005), "Genetic affinity among five different population groups in India reflecting a Y-chromosome gene flow", Journal of Human Genetics, 50 (1), pp. 49–51, doi:10.1007/s10038-004-0219-3, PMID 15611834 .
  • Sahoo, S.; Singh, A; Himabindu, G; Banerjee, J; Sitalaximi, T; Gaikwad, S; Trivedi, R; Endicott, P; et al. (2006), "A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: Evaluating demic diffusion scenarios", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103 (4): 843–848, Bibcode:2006PNAS..103..843S, doi:10.1073/pnas.0507714103, PMC 1347984, PMID 16415161
  • Sanchez; Børsting, C; Hallenberg, C; Buchard, A; Hernandez, A; Morling, N (2003), "Multiplex PCR and minisequencing of SNPs—a model with 35 Y chromosome SNPs", Forensic Sci Int, 137 (1): 74–84, doi:10.1016/S0379-0738(03)00299-8, PMID 14550618
  • Scozzari; Cruciani, F; Pangrazio, A; Santolamazza, P; Vona, G; Moral, P; Latini, V; Varesi, L; et al. (2001), "Human Y-Chromosome Variation in the Western Mediterranean Area: Implications for the Peopling of the Region" (PDF), Human Immunology, 62 (9): 871–884, doi:10.1016/S0198-8859(01)00286-5, PMID 11543889
  • Semino; Passarino, G; Oefner, PJ; Lin, AA; Arbuzova, S; Beckman, LE; De Benedictis, G; Francalacci, P; et al. (2000), "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective" (PDF), Science, 290 (5494), pp. 1155–59, Bibcode:2000Sci...290.1155S, doi:10.1126/science.290.5494.1155, PMID 11073453, archived from the original (PDF) on 2003-11-25 .
  • Sengupta; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; King, Roy; Mehdi, S.Q.; Edmonds, Christopher A.; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T.; Lin, Alice A.; Mitra, Mitashree; et al. (2005), "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists", American Journal of Human Genetics, 78 (2), pp. 202–21, doi:10.1086/499411, PMC 1380230, PMID 16400607 .
  • Sharma; et al. (2007), "The Autochthonous Origin and a Tribal Link of Indian Brahmins: Evaluation Through Molecular Genetic Markers" (PDF), THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HUMAN GENETICS 57th Annual Meeting
  • Sharma, Swarkar; Rai, Ekta; Sharma, Prithviraj; Jena, Mamata; Singh, Shweta; Darvishi, Katayoon; Bhat, Audesh K; Bhanwer, A J S; et al. (2009), "The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup R1a1(*)substantiates the autochthonous origin of Brahmins and the caste system", Journal of Human Genetics, 54 (1): 47–55, doi:10.1038/jhg.2008.2, PMID 19158816
  • Tambets, Kristiina; Rootsi, Siiri; Kivisild, Toomas; Help, Hela; Serk, Piia; Loogväli, Eva-Liis; Tolk, Helle-Viivi; Reidla, Maere; et al. (2004), "The Western and Eastern Roots of the Saami—the Story of Genetic 'Outliers' Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes", American Journal of Human Genetics, 74 (4): 661–682, doi:10.1086/383203, PMC 1181943, PMID 15024688
  • Underhill, P.A.; Myres, Natalie M; Rootsi, Siiri; Metspalu, Mait; Zhivotovsky, Lev A; King, Roy J; Lin, Alice A; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T; et al. (2009), "Separating the post-Glacial coancestry of European and Asian Y chromosomes within haplogroup R1a", European Journal of Human Genetics, 18 (4): 479–484, doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.194, PMC 2987245, PMID 19888303
  • Varzari, Alexander (2006), "Population History of the Dniester-Carpathians: Evidence from Alu Insertion and Y-Chromosome Polymorphisms" (PDF), Dissertation der Fakultät für Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
  • Völgyi; Zalán, Andrea; Szvetnik, Enikő; Pamjav, Horolma (2008), "Hungarian population data for 11 Y-STR and 49 Y-SNP markers", Forensic Science International: Genetics, 3 (2): e27–e28, doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2008.04.006, PMID 19215861
  • Wang (2003), "The origins and genetic structure of three co-resident Chinese Muslim populations: the Salar, Bo'an and Dongxiang", Human Genetics, 113: 244–52, doi:10.1007/s00439-003-0948-y, PMID 12759817
  • Weale; Yepiskoposyan, Levon; Jager, Rolf; Hovhannisyan, Nelli; Khudoyan, Armine; Burbage-Hall, Oliver; Bradman, Neil; Thomas, Mark (2001), "Armenian Y chromosome haplotypes reveal strong regional structure within a single ethno-national group" (PDF), Hum Genet, 109 (6): 659–674, doi:10.1007/s00439-001-0627-9, PMID 11810279
  • Weale; Weiss, DA; Jager, RF; Bradman, N; Thomas, MG (2002), "Y Chromosome Evidence for Anglo-Saxon Mass Migration" (PDF), Mol. Biol. Evol., 19 (7), pp. 1008–1021, doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004160, PMID 12082121 .
  • Wells; Yuldasheva, N; Ruzibakiev, R; Underhill, PA; Evseeva, I; Blue-Smith, J; Jin, L; Su, B; et al. (2001), "The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 98 (18), pp. 10244–9, Bibcode:2001PNAS...9810244W, doi:10.1073/pnas.171305098, PMC 56946, PMID 11526236 . Also at http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/98/18/10244.pdf
  • Wells, Spencer (2002), The Journey of Man: A Genetic Odyssey, Princeton University Press .
  • Wilson; Weiss, DA; Richards, M; Thomas, MG; Bradman, N; Goldstein, DB; et al. (2001), "Genetic evidence for different male and female roles during cultural transitions in the British Isles", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 98 (9): 5078–5083, Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.5078W, doi:10.1073/pnas.071036898, PMC 33166, PMID 11287634
  • Zerjal; Beckman, L; Beckman, G; Mikelsaar, AV; Krumina, A; Kucinskas, V; Hurles, ME; Tyler-Smith, C; et al. (2001), "Geographical, linguistic, and cultural influences on genetic diversity: Y-chromosomal distribution in Northern European populations", Mol Biol Evol, 18 (6): 1077–1087, doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003879, PMID 11371596
  • Zerjal, Tatiana; Wells, R. Spencer; Yuldasheva, Nadira; Ruzibakiev, Ruslan; Tyler-Smith, Chris; et al. (2002), "A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia", American Journal of Human Genetics, 71 (3): 466–482, doi:10.1086/342096, PMC 419996, PMID 12145751
  • Zhou, Ruixia; An, Lizhe; Wang, Xunling; Shao, Wei; Lin, Gonghua; Yu, Weiping; Yi, Lin; Xu, Shijian; Xu, Jiujin; Xie, Xiaodong (2007), "Testing the hypothesis of an ancient Roman soldier origin of the Liqian people in northwest China: a Y-chromosome perspective", Journal of Human Genetics, 52 (7): 584–91, doi:10.1007/s10038-007-0155-0, PMID 17579807

[1]

  • Zhao; Khan, Faisal; Borkar, Minal; Herrera, Rene; Agrawal, Suraksha (2009), "Presence of three different paternal lineages among North Indians: A study of 560 Y chromosomes", Annals of Human Biology, 36 (1): 1–14, doi:10.1080/03014460802558522, PMC 2755252, PMID 19058044
  1. "The Genetics of Language and Farming Spread in India" (PDF).
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.