Lisa Murkowski

Lisa Murkowski
United States Senator
from Alaska
Assumed office
December 20, 2002
Serving with Dan Sullivan
Appointed by Frank Murkowski
Preceded by Frank Murkowski
Chair of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee
Assumed office
January 3, 2015
Preceded by Mary Landrieu
Vice Chair of the Senate Republican Conference
In office
June 17, 2009 – September 17, 2010
Leader Mitch McConnell
Preceded by John Thune
Succeeded by John Barrasso
Member of the Alaska House of Representatives
from the 14th district
In office
January 19, 1999 – December 20, 2002
Preceded by Terry Martin
Succeeded by Vic Kohring
Personal details
Born Lisa Ann Murkowski
(1957-05-22) May 22, 1957
Ketchikan, Territory of Alaska, U.S.
Political party Republican
Spouse(s) Verne Martell
Children 2
Parents Frank Murkowski
Nancy Gore
Education Georgetown University (BA)
Willamette University (JD)
Signature
Website Senate website

Lisa Ann Murkowski (/mɜːrˈkaʊskiː/; born May 22, 1957) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Alaska, having held that seat since 2002. She is a member of the Republican Party, and is the second most senior Republican woman in the Senate. Along with Susan Collins from Maine, she is frequently described as one of the most moderate Republicans in the Senate and is a crucial swing voter.

Murkowski is the daughter of former U.S. Senator and Governor of Alaska, Frank Murkowski. Before her appointment to the Senate, she served in the Alaska House of Representatives and was eventually elected Majority Leader. She was appointed to the U.S. Senate by her father, who resigned his seat in December 2002 to become the Governor of Alaska. She completed her father's unexpired term, which ended in January 2005.

Murkowski ran for and won a full term in 2004. She ran for a second term in 2010. After losing the Republican Party primary to Tea Party candidate Joe Miller, Murkowski ran as a write-in candidate and defeated both Miller and Democrat Scott McAdams in the general election; this made her the second U.S. Senator (and the first since Strom Thurmond in 1954) to be elected by write-in vote.[1] Although Murkowski has won three full terms to the Senate, she has never won a majority of the vote; she won pluralities in each of her three races, with 48.6% of the vote in 2004, 39.5% in 2010, and 44.4% in 2016.

Early life, education, and early career

Murkowski was born in Ketchikan, Alaska, the daughter of Nancy Rena (née Gore) and Frank Murkowski.[2] Her paternal great-grandfather was of Polish descent, and her mother's ancestry is Irish and French Canadian.[3] As a child, she and her family moved around the state with her father's job as a banker.

She earned a B.A. degree in Economics from Georgetown University in 1980, the same year her father was elected to the U.S. Senate. She is a member of Pi Beta Phi sorority[4] and represented the state of Alaska as the 1980 Cherry Blossom Princess.[5] She received her J.D. degree in 1985 from Willamette University College of Law.

She was employed as an attorney in the Anchorage District Court Clerk's office (1987–89).[6] From 1989 to 1998, she was an attorney in private practice in Anchorage, Alaska. She also served, from 1990 to 1991, on the Mayor's Task Force for the Homeless.[7]

Alaska House of Representatives

In 1998, Murkowski was elected to the Alaska House of Representatives. Her District 18 included northeast Anchorage, Fort Richardson and Elmendorf Air Force Base (now Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, or JBER), and suburban parts of Eagle River-Chugiak. In 1999, she introduced legislation establishing a Joint Armed Services Committee. She was reelected in 2000 and, after her district boundaries changed, in 2002. That latter year she had a conservative primary opponent, Nancy Dahlstrom, who had challenged her because Lisa had supported abortion rights and rejected conservative economics. Lisa prevailed by only 56 votes.[8][9] She was named as House Majority Leader for the 2003–2004 legislative session. She resigned her House seat before taking office, due to her appointment by her father to the seat he had vacated in the U.S. Senate, upon his stepping down to assume the Alaska governorship.[10] Murkowski sat on the Alaska Commission on Post Secondary Education and chaired both the Labor and Commerce, and the Military and Veterans Affairs Committees. Upon her resigning and taking her Senate seat, her father appointed Dahlstrom, the choice of the District Republican committee, as her replacement.[9]

U.S. Senate

Appointment

In December 2002, Murkowski--while a member of the state House--was appointed by her father, Governor Frank Murkowski, to fill a U.S. Senate vacancy. The vacancy was created when Frank Murkowski resigned from the Senate after being elected Governor.

The appointment caused controversy in the state. Many voters disapproved of apparent nepotism in the appointment of Murkowski to the Senate. Her appointment eventually resulted in a referendum that stripped the governor of his power to directly appoint replacement Senators.[11] Sarah Palin was particularly upset, because she had interviewed for the seat for herself, but had been rejected.[8]

Elections

Murkowski in 2005

2004

Murkowski was elected to a full six-year term against former Democratic Governor Tony Knowles in the 2004 election after winning a primary challenge by a large margin. The two were in a dead heat in polls. The centrist Republican Main Street Partnership, which wanted to run TV ads for Murkowski, was told no air time was left to buy.[12] Near the end of the general campaign, senior U.S. Senator Ted Stevens shot campaign ads for Murkowski and claimed that if a Democrat replaced Murkowski, the State of Alaska would likely receive fewer federal dollars.

2010

Murkowski faced the most difficult election of her career in the August 24, 2010, Republican Party primary election against Joe Miller, a former U.S. magistrate judge[13] supported by former Governor Sarah Palin.[14] The initial ballot count for the primary showed her trailing Miller by a margin of 51–49%, with absentee ballots yet to be tallied.[15] After the first round of absentee ballots were counted on August 31, Murkowski conceded the race, stating that she did not believe that Miller's lead would be overcome in the next round of absentee vote count.[16][17]

Following the outcome of the primary election, the Murkowski campaign floated the idea of her running as a Libertarian in the general election.[18] But on August 29, 2010, the executive board of the state Libertarian Party voted not to consider allowing Murkowski on its ticket for the U.S. Senate race.[19]

On September 17, 2010, Murkowski said that she would mount a write-in campaign for the Senate seat.[20] Her write-in campaign was aided in large part with substantial monetary aid and assistance from the Native corporations and PACs, as well as support from state teachers' and firefighters' unions.[21]

On November 17, 2010, the Associated Press reported that Murkowski had become only the second Senate candidate (after Strom Thurmond in 1954) to win a write-in campaign, thereby retaining her seat.[22] Murkowski emerged victorious after a two-week count of write-in ballots showed she had overtaken Miller.[23][24] Miller did not concede defeat.[24] U.S. Federal District Judge Ralph Beistline granted an injunction to stop the certification of the election due to "serious" legal issues and irregularities raised by Miller as to the hand count of absentee ballots.[25] On December 10, 2010, an Alaskan judge dismissed Miller's case, clearing the way for Murkowski's win;[26] however, Miller appealed the decision to the state Supreme Court, and the results were not certified. On December 13, Miller appealed the Alaska Superior Court decision of the prior week to the Alaska Supreme Court. Miller's appeal was rejected by the state Supreme Court on December 22, 2010.[27] On December 28, 2010, U.S. District Judge Ralph Beistline dismissed Miller's lawsuit. Murkowski was certified as the winner on December 30 by Gov. Sean Parnell.[28]

2016

After securing the Republican Party nomination by a wide margin, Murkowski was again reelected to the U.S. Senate in 2016. Joe Miller, this time running as the Libertarian Party nominee, was again the runner-up in the general election.

The election was unusual in featuring a Libertarian Party nominee who endorsed Donald Trump running against a Republican incumbent who did not.[29] The Libertarian vice-presidential nominee Bill Weld endorsed Murkowski, citing Miller's support for Trump and "devoted social conservative" views as incompatible with libertarianism.

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

Political positions

Senator Lisa Murkowski is a moderate Republican.[31] Since winning re-election in 2010, her voting record has been deemed by some as "more moderate" when compared to her previous years in the Senate.[32] The National Journal, in 2013, gave Murkowski a composite score of 56% conservative and 45% liberal.[33] The National Journal ranked her as the 56th most liberal and 44th most conservative member of the Senate.[34] CrowdPac, which rates politicians based on donations they receive and give, has given Murkowski a score of 2.7C with 10C being the most conservative and 10L being the most liberal.[35] According to GovTrack, Murkowski is the second most moderate Republican Senator and as of 2017 is placed by GovTrack's analysis to the left of all Republicans, except Susan Collins, and to the left of Democratic Senator Joe Manchin.[36] The New York Times arranged Republican Senators by ideology and also ranked Murkowski as the second most liberal Republican.[37][38] The American Conservative Union (ACU) has given her a lifetime rating of 59.79% conservative.[39] In 2018, the fiscally conservative PAC Americans for Prosperity gave her a lifetime rating of 75% conservative and the ACU gave her a 52% conservative score in 2017.[40] Americans for Democratic Action gave her a 2012 rating of 35% liberal.[41] According to FiveThirtyEight, which tracks Congressional votes, Murkowski voted with President Trump's position 83.6% of the time.[42] According to CQ Roll Call, Murkowski voted with President Obama's position on votes 72.3% of the time, one of only two Republicans voting for his positions over 70% of the time.[43]

Abortion and reproductive issues

Murkowski is generally pro-choice on abortion[44] and supports non-federally funded embryonic stem cell research, although she has cast significant pro-life votes, including ones to ban late-term abortions. She does not want to overturn the Roe v. Wade decision.[45] She is a member of the Republican Majority For Choice, Republicans For Choice, and The Wish List (Women in the Senate and House), a group of pro-choice women Republicans. On March 30, 2017, Murkowski joined Susan Collins to break party lines voting with Democrats against a bill allowing states to defund Planned Parenthood.[46] In 2018, Murkowski again joined Collins, voting with a majority of Democrats, against a bill to ban abortion after 20 weeks of pregnancy.[47] Planned Parenthood voted to recognize Murkowski for her vote.[48] Murkowski was one of two Republicans who voted against an amendment to prohibit federal funding from being given to facilities that promote abortion services or family planning.[49] By July of 2018, Murkowski was one of three Republican Senators, along with Shelley Capito and Susan Collins, who publicly supported keeping the Roe v. Wade decision.[50]

Planned Parenthood, which rates politicians' support for pro-choice issues, has given Murkowski a life-time score of 58%.[51] NARAL Pro-Choice America, which also provides ratings, gave her a score of 50% in 2015.[52] In 2014, her score from NARAL was 80%.[53] In 2017, Planned Parenthood gave Murkowski a score of 41%.[54] Population Connection, which supports voluntary family planning, determined that Murkowski voted with their positions 43% of the time in 2017, 33% in 2016, and 100% in 2014.[40] Conversely, National Right to Life, which opposes abortion and rates support for anti-abortion issues, gave Murkowski a score of 66% during the 114th Congress and a 40% in 2018.[55]

Taxes

Murkowski is a signer of Americans for Tax Reform’s Taxpayer Protection Pledge.[56]

The National Federation of Independent Business named Murkowski a Guardian of Small Business for her "outstanding" voting record on behalf of small business owners.[57]

On December 2, 2017, Murkowski voted for the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, citing her desire for job growth and tax reduction.[58]

Affirmative action

Murkowski opposes affirmative action.[59]

Alaska Native issues

Murkowski is an active member of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs and served as Vice Chairman of the Committee during the 110th Congress. She is the Chairman of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee and a member of the Committee on Appropriations, and has a continuing role on the Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee. In 2009, she was honored with a Congressional Leadership Award by the National Congress of American Indians.[60] She is the first Alaskan to receive the award.[60]

Healthcare

Murkowski opposed President Barack Obama's health reform legislation; she voted against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in December 2009,[61] and she voted against the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010.[62] Murkowski has stated numerous times that she would like to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Murkowski voted for H.R. 976, which called for the expansion of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) to provide coverage for additional uninsured children.[63] That bill passed both the House and the Senate, but was vetoed by President George W. Bush. She supports health care reforms in her native state, as well, largely because health care costs for Alaskans are up to 70% higher than costs in the contiguous United States.

In 2017, Lisa Murkowski announced that she was opposed to repealing the Affordable Care Act without a replacement plan.[64] She voted against starting debates in the Senate.[65] She also was one of seven Republicans who voted against repealing the ACA without a replacement.[66] On July 27, 2017, Murkowski voted 'No' on the Health Care Freedom Act commonly referred to as the 'Skinny' repeal of the ACA.[67] She said the defeated bill did not adequately replace the ACA, and that her constituents had expressed concerns about its impact on their health coverage. Murkowski called for "a more open process" in writing a replacement bill.[68] Her vote was criticized by some Alaska Republicans, while 200 people rallied in Anchorage and marched to Murkowski's office to thank her for her role in protecting the ACA.[69][70]

Same-sex marriage and LGBT issues

In 2004, Murkowski voted in favor of a federal constitutional amendment to define marriage to be between one man and one woman.[71] She said that would also support an Alaska state law defining marriage as between a man and a woman and that each state should have the right to establish its definition of marriage.[71] Murkowski voted for a federal constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage in 2006.[72] According to her spokesman, she wanted to protect the definition of marriage as between a man and a woman that Alaskans added to their state constitution in 1998.[72]

Murkowski was one of five Republican senators who voted with Democrats for the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act.[73]

Murkowski supported the repeal of don't ask, don't tell after consideration of the Department of Defense report. "Our military leaders have made a compelling case that they can successfully implement a repeal of 'don't ask, don't tell'," she said. "It is infinitely preferable for Congress to repeal the law, and allow the service chiefs to develop and execute a new policy, than to invite a court-ordered reversal of the law with no allowance for a military-directed implementation. I've heard from Alaskans across the state who believe it's time to end this discriminatory policy, and I agree with them."[74] On December 18, 2010, Murkowski was one of eight Senate Republicans to vote in favor of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010, and one of only four who had voted for cloture.[75]

On March 27, 2013, Murkowski had said that her opinion on same-sex marriage was "evolving".[76] She said she noticed that the country's views on marriage were changing, noting conversations with her children and their friends as an example.[76] She said the country had more important issues to focus on than same-sex marriage.[76]

On June 19, 2013, Murkowski announced her support of same-sex marriage,[77] citing the encouragement of family values and Alaskans' favor of limiting government's power.[78] She became the third sitting Republican United States Senator to do so after Senators Rob Portman of Ohio and Mark Kirk of Illinois.[79] In 2015, she was one of 11 Senate Republicans who voted to give social security benefits to same-sex couples in states where same-sex marriage was not yet recognized.[80] The Human Rights Campaign, in its Congressional Scorecard rating support for LGBT issues during the 114th Congress, gave Murkowski a score of 69%.[81] During the 113th Congress, she received an 88% score.[81]

Education

In February 2017, Murkowski and Senator Susan Collins were the only two Republicans who voted in the Senate against Donald Trump's selection for Secretary of Education, Betsy DeVos. This caused a 50-50 tie broken by Senate president Mike Pence to successfully confirm DeVos' appointment.[82] A day earlier, Collins and Murkowski both voted for DeVos within the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, passing DeVos' nomination by a vote of 12-11 to allow the Senate to vote on DeVos.[83][84]

Immigration

In 2007, Lisa Murkowski voted against the McCain-Kennedy proposal to offer amnesty to undocumented immigrants.[85] Later, Murkowski was one of two Republicans who voted for the DREAM Act in 2010.[86] She was also one of fourteen Republicans in 2013 who voted for a comprehensive immigration bill that offered a pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants.[87] In 2018, Murkowski voted in favor of the McCain/Coons comprehensive immigration bill which did not include funding for a border wall as well as in favor of the bill proposed by Collins to grant a pathway to citizenship for 1.8 million Dreamers and to include $25 billion for border security; she voted against the Republican bill, backed by President Trump, which would have reduced and restricted legal immigration.[88] After Trump announced a 'zero-tolerance' migration policy that separates children from parents Lisa Murkowski opposed the Trump administration's actions and called the policy "cruel, tragic,".[89]

Net neutrality

Murkowski became one of only three Republicans to vote with the Democrats in favor of repealing rule changes enacted by the Republican-controlled FCC.[90] The measure was meant to restore Obama-era net neutrality rules.[91]

Energy and environment

For the 109th Congress, Republicans for Environmental Protection, a group dedicated to environmental causes, gave Murkowski a rating of 2%, noting that in 2006, she voted against S.C. Resolution 83, intended to bolster energy security and lower energy-related environmental impacts, against an amendment to S. 728 that would make the Army Corps of Engineers more accountable for the environmental and economic impacts of their projects, for oil drilling in the Artic National Wildlife Refuge, for offshore oil and gas drilling.[92] Murkowski is currently the chairman of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee. She has given her support to efforts to drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR).[93]

Murkowski believes that recent technological developments have made drilling safer and more economical.[94]

Murkowski introduced a bill that would block the Environmental Protection Agency from limiting the amount of greenhouse gases that major industries can produce. In a statement, Murkowski said, "We cannot turn a blind eye to the EPA's efforts to impose back-door climate regulations with no input from Congress."[95]

In the wake of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill (BP disaster in the Gulf of Mexico), Murkowski opposed a bill that would have raised the liability cap for oil spills from $75 million to $10 billion. She said that such a large cap would jeopardize various businesses, and that exposing companies to greater risk would make it impossible for smaller companies to compete.[96] Murkowski has received over $50,000 from BP.[97]

A major supporter of fossil fuels, Murkowski joined most of her Republican colleagues in repealing the Stream Protection Rule, a regulation which prevented coal companies from dumping coal in waterways.[98]

Gun rights

Murkowski has an A rating from the National Rifle Association for her support of gun rights.[99] The organization endorsed her for her re-election bid for the Senate in 2016, which stated that she had a "proven record" of voting in favor of gun rights.[100] Murkowski supports the right to bear arms,[59] and was one of 46 Senators to vote against expanding background checks to all gun show and internet sales in April 2013.[101] She has voted in favor of concealed carry reciprocity law enabling Americans to carry their concealed gun in any state. She also voted against a partial ban of select firearms.[100]

Despite voting against marijuana legalization, Murkowski has called upon the federal government to review federal policy that forbids marijuana users, including those in legal states, from owning firearms.[102]

Cannabis

Murkowski has cosponsored the bipartisan STATES Act proposed in the 115th U.S. Congress by Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren and Colorado Senator Cory Gardner that would exempt individuals or corporations in compliance with state cannabis laws from federal enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act.[103]

Supreme Court nominations

Murkowski has taken different positions on the so-called "nuclear option", under which the majority party can approve a nominee to the Supreme Court by a simple majority instead of allowing for the Senate's tradition of filibusters. She has said she opposes use of this option, arguing that "it will further inflame partisan passions", and prefers a more bipartisan process.[104] However, in April 2017 the Republican leadership of the Senate used the nuclear option to win approval of Neil Gorsuch to the Court, and Murkowski voted for it.[105]

Because of her pro-choice position, she is often considered a possible "no" vote on appointments to the Supreme Court. In 2017 she voted to confirm the appointment of conservative Neil Gorsuch to the Court.[106] On September 28th, 2018, she sided with Senator Jeff Flake (R-AZ) and stated she will not vote to confirm Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh unless the FBI conducts an investigation of sexual assault allegations made by Christine Blasey Ford and others.[107] On October 5 she was the only Republican who voted against the cloture motion to end debate and advance Kavanaugh’s confirmation to a vote; the cloture motion passed 51-49.[108] She was the only Republican who voted against Kavanaugh's confirmation, but she requested to be recorded as 'present' in a process known as a "pair between senators" as a favor to Senator Steve Daines from Montana so that he could attend his daughter's wedding.[109] Since Daines was voting 'yes' and Murkowski voted 'no,' the process allows them to cancel each other's votes.[110]

Electoral history

Alaska House of Representatives, District 14, Republican primary results, 1998[111]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Lisa Murkowski 830 65.6
Republican Mike Miller 436 34.4
Total votes 1,266 100
Alaska House of Representatives, District 14, election results, 1998[112]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Lisa Murkowski 2,676 96.5
Write-ins 96 3.5
Total votes 2,772 100
Alaska House of Representatives, District 14, Republican primary results, 2000[113]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Lisa Murkowski (incumbent) 368 100
Total votes 368 100
Alaska House of Representatives, District 14, election results, 2000[114]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Lisa Murkowski (incumbent) 3,828 96.4
Write-ins 145 3.6
Total votes 3,973 100
Alaska House of Representatives, District 18, Republican primary results, 2002[115]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Lisa Murkowski 486 53.1
Republican Nancy A. Dahlstrom 429 46.9
Total votes 915 100
Alaska House of Representatives, District 18, election results, 2002[113]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Lisa Murkowski 2,231 93.3
Write-ins 161 6.7
Total votes 2,392 100
United States Senate Republican primary results in Alaska, 2004[116]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Lisa Murkowski (incumbent) 45,710 58.1
Republican Mike Miller 29,313 37.3
Republican Wev Shea 2,857 3.6
Republican Jim Dore 748 0.9
Total votes 78,628 100
United States Senate election in Alaska, 2004[117]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Republican Lisa Murkowski (incumbent) 149,446 48.62
Democratic Tony Knowles 139,878 45.51
Independent Marc J. Millican 8,857 2.88
Alaskan Independence Jerry Sanders 3,765 1.22
Green Jim Sykes 3,039 0.99
Libertarian Scott A. Kohlhaas 1,237 0.40
Independent Ted Gianoutsos 726 0.24
United States Senate Republican primary results, in Alaska, 2010[118]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Miller 55,878 50.91
Republican Lisa Murkowski (incumbent) 53,872 49.09
Total votes 109,750 100
United States Senate election in Alaska, 2010[119]
Party Candidate Votes %
Write-in Lisa Murkowski (incumbent) 101,091 39.49
Republican Joe Miller 90,839 35.49
Democratic Scott McAdams 60,045 23.46
Libertarian David Haase 1,459 0.57
Independent Timothy Carter 927 0.36
Independent Ted Gianoutsos 458 0.18
Write-in Other write-in votes 1,143 0.44
Invalid or blank votes 2,784 1.08
Total votes 258,746 100
Turnout 52.3
United States Senate Republican primary results, in Alaska, 2016[120]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Lisa Murkowski 39,545 71.52%
Republican Bob Lochner 8,480 15.34%
Republican Paul Kendall 4,272 7.73%
Republican Thomas Lamb 2,996 5.42%
Total votes 55,293 100.00%
United States Senate election in Alaska, 2016[121]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Lisa Murkowski (incumbent) 138,149 44.36
Libertarian Joe Miller 90,825 29.16
Independent Margaret Stock 41,194 13.23
Democratic Ray Metcalfe 36,200 11.62
Independent Breck A. Carter 2,609 0.84
Independent Ted Gianoutsos 1,758 0.56
Write-in Write-in votes 706 0.23
Invalid or blank votes 5,363 1.69
Total votes 316,804 100
Turnout 59.9

Personal life

Murkowski is married to Verne Martell.[122] They have two children, Nicolas and Matthew.[123] Senator Murkowski identifies herself as a member of the Catholic Church.[124]

Property sale controversy

In July 2007, Murkowski stated she would sell back land she bought from Anchorage businessman Bob Penney, a day after a Washington watchdog group filed a Senate ethics complaint against her, alleging that Penney sold the property well below market value.[125] The Anchorage Daily News noted, "The transaction amounted to an illegal gift worth between $70,000 and $170,000, depending on how the property was valued, according to the complaint by the National Legal and Policy Center."[125] According to the Associated Press, Murkowski bought the land from two developers tied to the Ted Stevens probe.[126]

In 2008, Murkowski amended her Senate financial disclosures for 2004 through 2006, adding income of $60,000 per year from the sale of a property in 2003, and more than $40,000 a year from the sale of her "Alaska Pasta Company" in 2005.[127]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Yardley, William. "Murkowski Wins Alaska Senate Race." The New York Times. 2010-11-17. Retrieved 2014-11-13.
  2. ↑ "MURKOWSKI, Lisa – Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  3. ↑ "murkowski". Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
  4. ↑ "Notable Pi Beta Phis in Government and Politics". Pi Beta Phi. Archived from the original on 2009-01-22. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
  5. ↑ Perks, Ashley (2008-03-18). "Queens of the cherry blossoms". TheHill. Retrieved 2016-10-09.
  6. ↑ Bolstad, Erika (October 1, 2010). "Alaska's Murkowski failed bar exam 4 times". McClatchy Newspapers. Retrieved 2016-02-16. Murkowski, who graduated in 1985 from Willamette University's College of Law in Oregon, wasn't admitted to the Alaska Bar until November 1987. She flunked the exam in July 1985, February 1986, July 1986 and again in February 1987. She passed on her fifth try in July 1987.
  7. ↑ "MURKOWSKI, Lisa - Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov.
  8. 1 2 Alaska Governor Girl’s Revenge, Huffington Post, Donald Craig Mitchell, May 25, 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2018.
  9. 1 2 Murkowski picks Nancy Dahlstrom for House seat, ]Alaska Journal of Commerce, Regan Foster, January 12, 2003. Retrieved October 6, 2018.
  10. ↑ Mike Chambers (December 20, 2002). "Gov. Murkowski appoints daughter to fill Senate seat". PeninsulaClarion.com. Associated Press. Retrieved December 28, 2014.
  11. ↑ Volz, Matt (3 November 2004). "Voters approve Senate vacancy initiative". peninsulaclarion.com. Peninsula Clarion. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
  12. ↑ "USATODAY.com - Crucial Senate races costly, caustic". usatoday30.usatoday.com. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
  13. ↑ "Joe Miller – Restoring Liberty". Joemiller.us. Retrieved 2011-08-10.
  14. ↑ Bohrer, Becky (2010-08-24). "Murkowski in close contest for Alaska Senate". Washington Post. Retrieved 2010-08-25. Republican Sen. Lisa Murkowski trailed her lesser-known conservative opponent Tuesday in a surprisingly tight race that was seen as a test of the political power of Sarah Palin and the tea party movement.
    Cave, Damien (2010-08-25). "Murkowski of Alaska Locked in a Tight Senate Race". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-08-25. Senator Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, whose family has held a decades-long grip on one of the state's two Senate seats, was in a surprisingly tight race Wednesday morning against an insurgent candidate, a Tea Party favorite who received the backing of Sarah Palin.
  15. ↑ "State of Alaska 2010 Primary Election, August 24, 2010 Unofficial Results". Alaska Secretary of State. 2010-08-25. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
  16. ↑ Cockerham, Sean (2010-08-31). "It's another Tea Party win as Alaska's Murkowski concedes". Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved 2010-09-01. Alaska Sen. Lisa Murkowski late Tuesday conceded the Republican primary election to Joe Miller, the Tea-Party backed challenger who maintained his Election Day lead after thousands of additional absentee and other ballots were counted through the day.
  17. ↑ Joling, Dan (August 31, 2010). "Murkowski Concedes Alaska Primary Race". WBBM-TV. Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 1, 2010.
  18. ↑ Memoli, Michael A. (2010-08-27). "Libertarians an option for Murkowski". Seattle Times. Archived from the original on 2010-08-30. Retrieved 2010-08-28. The state Libertarian Party told the Anchorage Daily News that it was open to the possibility of nominating Murkowski as a third-party candidate, a notion that her campaign is not embracing but has not ruled out.
  19. ↑ Cockerham, Sean (2010-09-07). "Libertarians cool to Murkowski candidacy". Anchorage Daily News. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2011-08-10.
  20. ↑ Bohrer, Becky (2010-09-18). "Murkowski mounting write-in bid for Alaska Senate". Associated Press. Retrieved 2010-09-18. Murkowski faces tough odds with her write-in candidacy. She has lost support from members within the Republican establishment, who are backing the Republican nominee, Joe Miller.
  21. ↑ Murphy, Kim (2010-11-18). "Lisa Murkowski claims victory in Alaska Senate election". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
  22. ↑ Bohrer, Becky (2010-11-17). "Murkowski Defeats Miller in 2010 Alaska Senate Race". Huffington Post.
  23. ↑ Cillizza, Chris (2010-11-17) "Alaska Sen. Lisa Murkowski wins write-in bid, AP says", The Washington Post. Retrieved 2010-11-17.
  24. 1 2 AP staff reporter (November 17, 2010). "AP: Murkowski Wins Alaska Senate Race". NPR. Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
  25. ↑ "Federal Judge Halts Certification of Alaska Senate Election as Miller Eyes Lawsuit". Fox News. AP. 2010-11-19. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
  26. ↑ Brad Knickerbocker. "Joe Miller-Lisa Murkowski US Senate race appears to be over". CSMonitor.com. Retrieved 2011-08-10.
  27. ↑ CNN (December 22, 2010). "Breaking: Alaska Supreme Court rules against Miller".
  28. ↑ LISA DEMER ldemer@adn.com. "Court rejects Miller, lifts certification hold: 2010 Alaska U.S. Senate election | Alaska news at". Adn.com. Archived from the original on 2014-01-08. Retrieved 2011-08-10.
  29. ↑ "Alaska Sens. Sullivan and Murkowski call on Donald Trump to drop out of presidential race". Alaska Dispatch News.
  30. ↑ "Members". Afterschool Alliance. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  31. ↑ "With Roe in the Balance, Two Republicans Hold High Court in Their Hands". Retrieved 2018-07-20.
  32. ↑ "Murkowski delivers centrist message on debt". Alaska Dispatch News. Retrieved 2016-10-09.
    "Group labels Murkowski least conservative GOP senator". Alaska Newsreader | ADN.com. Archived from the original on 4 October 2012.
    "Murkowski shows independent streak". POLITICO. Retrieved 2016-10-09.
  33. ↑ (Journalist),, Barnes, James A.; Keating, Holland; Charlie, Cook; Michael, Barone; Louis, Jacobson; Louis, Peck. The almanac of American politics 2016 : members of Congress and governors: their profiles and election results, their states and districts. ISBN 9781938518317. OCLC 927103599.
  34. ↑ "Do Alaska Sens. Mark Begich and Lisa Murkowski vote together 80 percent of the time?". @politifact. Retrieved 2018-07-20.
  35. ↑ "Lisa Murkowski | US Senate in Alaska (AK) | Crowdpac". www.crowdpac.com. Retrieved 2016-12-20.
  36. ↑ "Lisa Murkowski, Senator for Alaska - GovTrack.us". GovTrack.us. Retrieved 2018-07-18.
  37. ↑ Parlapiano, Alicia. "Where Senators Stand on the Health Care Bill". Retrieved 2018-07-23.
  38. ↑ Parlapiano, Alicia. "How Each Senator Voted on Obamacare Repeal Proposals". Retrieved 2018-07-23.
  39. ↑ "ACU Ratings". ACU Ratings. Retrieved 2016-12-20.
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  41. ↑ "The Voter's Self Defense System". Project Vote Smart. Retrieved 2016-12-20.
  42. ↑ Bycoffe, Aaron (2017-01-30). "Tracking Lisa Murkowski In The Age Of Trump". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
  43. ↑ Lesniewski, Niels; Lesniewski, Niels (2014-02-04). "Collins, Murkowski Most Likely Republicans to Back Obama". Roll Call. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
  44. ↑ Kilgore, Ed (June 28, 2018). "The Near-Extinction of Pro-Choice Republicans in Congress". New York Magazine. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
  45. ↑ "Supreme Court vacancy puts Murkowski in the middle, again". Anchorage Daily News. 2018-06-29. Retrieved 2018-07-01.
  46. ↑ "Murkowski splits with party on Planned Parenthood vote, forces Pence tie-breaker". Alaska Dispatch News. 2017-03-30. Retrieved 2017-03-31.
  47. ↑ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (2018). "Senate Rejects Measure to Ban Abortion After 20 Weeks of Pregnancy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  48. ↑ "Planned Parenthood Votes Thanks Senator Murkowski for Standing up for Women and Families". www.plannedparenthoodaction.org. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
  49. ↑ "The Voter's Self Defense System". Vote Smart. Retrieved 2018-09-10.
  50. ↑ "Trump's Supreme Court Pick May Turn on Outliers in Both Parties". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  51. ↑ "The Voter's Self Defense System". Project Vote Smart. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
  52. ↑ "The Voter's Self Defense System". Project Vote Smart. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
  53. ↑ America, NARAL Pro-Choice. "2014 Congressional Record on Choice". Retrieved 2017-01-14.
  54. ↑ "Congressional Scorecard". www.plannedparenthoodaction.org. Retrieved 2017-07-05.
  55. ↑ "National Right to Life | NRLC Scorecard". www.capwiz.com. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
  56. ↑ "The Taxpayer Protection Pledge Signers 112th Congressional List" (PDF). Americans for Tax Reform. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
  57. ↑ "U.S. Sen. Lisa Murkowski Honored as Guardian of Small Business by NFIB". Alaska Business Monthly. 18 September 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  58. ↑ "Sen. Lisa Murkowski on Twitter".
  59. 1 2 Seelye, Katharine (December 21, 2002). "New Alaska Governor Gives Daughter His Seat in Senate". New York Times. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
  60. 1 2 "Alaska Federation of Natives, Inc.: 2010 AFN Convention. Resolution 10-02" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-08-10.
  61. ↑ "U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote". Senate.gov. Retrieved 2011-08-10.
  62. ↑ "U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote". Senate.gov. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
  63. ↑ "Congressional votes database, 110th Congress, 1st session, Senate vote 307". Washington Post. 2007-08-02. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
  64. ↑ "Murkowski says no to repealing Affordable Care Act without replacement,". Alaska Dispatch News. 2017-07-18. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
  65. ↑ "Senate health bill clears test vote, aided by McCain". 25 July 2017.
  66. ↑ Kaplan, Thomas; Sullivan, Eileen (2017-07-26). "Health Care Vote: Senate Rejects Repeal Without Replace". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-05-14.
  67. ↑ Jacobs, Ben; Gambino, Lauren (2017-07-28). "US Senate rejects bill to repeal Obamacare in huge blow for Trump – live". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-07-28.
  68. ↑ Murkowski faces tough prospect of bipartisan, process-focused health care reform. Alaska Dispatch News, 29 July 2017
  69. ↑ Disappointment marks reaction among Alaska Republicans to Murkowski health care vote. Alaska Dispatch News, 29 July 2017
  70. ↑ After healthcare vote, supporters rally in Anchorage to thank Murkowski. Alaska Dispatch News, 29 July 2017
  71. 1 2 "Alaska senators vote for ban on gay marriages". JuneauEmpire.com. Associated Press. July 16, 2004.
  72. 1 2 Ruskin, Liz (June 7, 2006). "Alaska senators quietly back marriage amendment". SitNews. Ketchikan, Alaska.
  73. ↑ Laura Conaway, Senate Passes Hate Crimes Bill, NPR (July 17, 2009).
  74. ↑ Alaska's senators vote to repeal 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' 18 December 2010. Alaska Dispatch.
  75. ↑ "smit9187: Collins, Snowe, Kirk, Voinovich, Burr, Ensign, Brown, Murkowski joined the". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2011-08-10.
    "Senate passes 'don't ask,' sends repeal to Obama – Arizona News from USA Today". Tucsoncitizen.com. 2010-12-18. Retrieved 2011-08-10.
    "Snowe, Collins join majority in repeal of 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' | The Kennebec Journal, Augusta, ME". Kjonline.com. 2010-12-18. Archived from the original on 2011-08-07. Retrieved 2011-08-10.
    "Eight Republicans back 'don't ask' repeal – Shira Toeplitz". Politico.Com. Retrieved 2011-08-10.
    "U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote". Senate.gov. Retrieved 2011-08-10.
    "Senate Vote 281 – Repeals 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2015-10-27.
  76. 1 2 3 Tunseth, Matt (March 27, 2013). "Murkowski's gay marriage views 'evolving'". Chugiak-Eagle River Star. Eagle River, Alaska.
  77. ↑ Murkowski, Lisa (June 19, 2013). "Murkowski Shares Thoughts on Marriage Equality with Alaskans: The Pursuit of Happiness – Without Government Interference" (Press release).
  78. ↑ Camia, Catalina (June 19, 2013). "Murkowski becomes 3rd GOP senator for gay marriage". USA Today.
  79. ↑ Blake, Aaron (June 19, 2013). "Murkowski becomes third GOP senator to back gay marriage". The Washington Post.
  80. ↑ Dennis, Steven T.; Dennis, Steven T. (2015-03-27). "Same-Sex Marriage Benefits Endorsed on Senate Floor (Updated)". Roll Call. Retrieved 2018-08-27.
  81. 1 2 "Congressional Scorecard: Measuring Equality in the 114th Congress" (PDF). hrc.org. Human Rights Campaign. 2016. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
  82. ↑ Cowan, Richard. "Vice President Mike Pence breaks Senate tie to confirm Betsy DeVos as US education secretary". Reuters. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  83. ↑ Collins, Steve. "Despite committee vote, Collins says she has not made up mind on Betsy DeVos". Sun Journal (Lewiston, Maine). Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  84. ↑ Martinson, Erica. "Murkowski on DeVos: 'This nomination is very difficult for me'". adn.com. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  85. ↑ Radio, From Lisa Goddard CNN. "The Senate immigration vote: How they voted - CNN.com". www.cnn.com. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
  86. ↑ Willis, Derek. "Fails To Advance Dream Act - H.R.5281: Removal Clarification Act of 2010". ProPublica. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
  87. ↑ "Roll call: Republicans who voted for the bill". POLITICO. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
  88. ↑ Schoen, John W. (2018-02-16). "Here's how your senators voted on failed immigration proposals". CNBC. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
  89. ↑ "Murkowski calls family separation policy 'cruel, tragic'". Retrieved 2018-06-19.
  90. ↑ CNN, Ted Barrett and Daniella Diaz,. "Senate passes bill to repealing changes to net neutrality rules". CNN. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
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  92. ↑ "Republicans for Environmental Protection 2006 Scorecard". Rep.org. Archived from the original on 2010-05-25. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
  93. ↑ "League of Conservation Voters". Lcv.org. Archived from the original on 2010-06-20. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
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  95. ↑ "Colorado companies blast Murkowski's bid to block EPA on greenhouse gases". Coloradoindependent.com. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
  96. ↑ Clark, Lesley. "Alaska's Murkowski blocks Senate on higher oil spill liability". Miamiherald.com. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
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  98. ↑ Henry, Devin. "Senate votes to block Obama coal rule". The Hill. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
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  100. 1 2 "NRA Endorses Lisa Murkowski for Re-election to U.S. Senate". NRA-ILA. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
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  102. ↑ "This Republican Senator Fights For A Cannabis Consumer's Right To Bear Arms". Civilized. 2016-11-21. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
  103. ↑ "Cosponsors - S.3032 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): STATES Act". www.congress.gov. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
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  106. ↑ Pramuk, Jacob (July 2, 2018). "Republican women Collins and Murkowski could determine the fate of Trump's Supreme Court pick". CNBC. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
  107. ↑ "Republican Senator Murkowski backs idea of delay in vote on Kavanaugh". Reuters. September 28, 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
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  115. ↑
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  117. ↑ "GEMS ELECTION RESULTS". www.elections.state.ak.us. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
  118. ↑ "State of Alaska 2010 Primary Election, August 24, 2010, Unofficial Results". Alaska Secretary of State. 2010-08-31. Retrieved 2010-09-01.
  119. ↑ "State of Alaska 2010 General Election Unofficial Results". December 28, 2010. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
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  121. ↑ "2016 GENERAL ELECTION November 8, 2016 Official Results". November 30, 2016. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
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  123. ↑ Bighash, Leila (October 2010). "Is Lisa Murkowski Married?". Politics Daily. AOL News. Retrieved November 1, 2010.
  124. ↑ "Members of Congress: Religious Affiliations | Pew Research Center". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 2015-01-05. Retrieved 2018-10-11.
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  127. ↑ Kate Klonick, "Murkowski Reveals Two More Murky Deals in Financial Disclosure Amendments", TalkingPointsMemo, June 17, 2008
    Lisa Murkowski Exposed In Kenai River Land Scam, Alaska Report, July 20, 2007
Alaska House of Representatives
Preceded by
Terry Martin		 Member of the Alaska House of Representatives
from the 14th district
1999–2002		 Succeeded by
Vic Kohring
U.S. Senate
Preceded by
Frank Murkowski		 U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Alaska
2002–present
Served alongside: Ted Stevens, Mark Begich, Dan Sullivan		 Incumbent
Preceded by
Craig Thomas		 Ranking Member of the Senate Indian Affairs Committee
2007–2009		 Succeeded by
John Barrasso
Preceded by
Pete Domenici		 Ranking Member of the Senate Energy Committee
2009–2015		 Succeeded by
Maria Cantwell
Preceded by
Mary Landrieu		 Chair of the Senate Energy Committee
2015–present		 Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by
Frank Murkowski		 Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Alaska
(Class 3)
2004		 Succeeded by
Joe Miller
Preceded by
Joe Miller		 Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Alaska
(Class 3)
2016		 Most recent
Preceded by
John Thune		 Vice Chair of the Senate Republican Conference
2009–2010		 Succeeded by
John Barrasso
Order of precedence
Preceded by
Maria Cantwell		 United States Senators by seniority
21st		 Succeeded by
Lindsey Graham
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