Last meal

A condemned prisoner's last meal is a customary ritual preceding execution. Various countries have various traditions in this regard. A "little glass of rum," but no formal last meal, was granted to the condemned in historical France in the minutes before execution; no meal was offered as the condemned learned of their impending execution only on the fatal morning, generally just minutes in advance.[1]

In many countries, the prisoner may, within reason, select what the last meal will be.

Contemporary restrictions

In the United States, most states give the meal a day or two before execution and use the euphemism "special meal". Alcohol or tobacco are usually denied. Unorthodox or unavailable requests are replaced with substitutes. Some states place tight restrictions. In Florida, the food for the last meal must be purchased locally and the cost is limited to $40.[2] In Oklahoma, cost is limited to $15. In Louisiana, the prison warden traditionally joins the condemned prisoner for the last meal. On one occasion, the warden paid for an inmate's lobster dinner.[3]

Sometimes, a prisoner shares the last meal with another inmate (as Francis Crowley did with John Resko) or has the meal distributed among other inmates (as requested by Raymond Fernandez).[4]

In September 2011, the state of Texas abolished all special last-meal requests after condemned prisoner Lawrence Russell Brewer requested a huge last meal and did not eat any of it, saying he was not hungry. His last-meal request was for a plate of two chicken-fried steaks with gravy and sliced onions, a triple-patty bacon cheeseburger, a cheese omelet with ground beef, tomatoes, onions, bell peppers, jalapeños, a bowl of fried okra with ketchup, a pound of barbecued meat with half of a loaf of white bread, a portion of three fajitas, a meat-lover's pizza (topped with pepperoni, ham, beef, bacon, and sausage), a pint of Blue Bell ice cream, a slab of peanut-butter fudge with crushed peanuts, and a serving equivalent to three root beers. The abolition followed a complaint by a Texas Senator, John Whitmire (Democrat, of Houston), who called the meal "inappropriate".[5][6][3][7] The tradition of customized last meals is thought to have been established around 1924 in Texas.[8]

Documented last meal requests

This represents the items reported requested but does not, in all cases, represent what the prisoner actually received.

Europe

NameCrimeCountryYearMethod of DispatchRequested Meal
Charles PeaceSerial killerUK1879HangingA breakfast consisting of eggs and a large amount of salty bacon.[9]
Fritz Haarmann: The Butcher of HanoverSerial killerGermany1925Decapitation by guillotineAn expensive cigar and a cup of Brazilian coffee.[10]
Peter Kürten: The Vampire of DüsseldorfSerial killer/RapistGermany1931Decapitation by guillotineWiener schnitzel, fried potatoes and a bottle of white wine. He requested a second helping and received it.[11]
Roger CasementTreasonUK1916HangingCommunion wafer. Casement converted to Catholicism before his execution and stated he intended to go "to my death with the body of my God as my last meal."[12]

Asia

NameCrimeCountryYearMethod of DispatchRequested Meal
Adolf EichmannHolocaust perpetrator(German national) Israel1962HangingDeclined a special meal, instead he requested a bottle of Carmel red wine with the usual prison food of cheese, bread, olives, and tea. He drank about half of the bottle.[13]
Andrew Chan and Myuran SukumaranThe Australian ringleaders of the Bali NineIndonesia2015Firing squadKFC. Although Indonesia does not normally grant last meal requests, Sukumaran and Chan were granted their KFC feast via officials.[14]
Leo EchegarayRape of his 10-year old stepdaughterPhilippines1999Lethal injectionHe ordered a last meal of sardines and dried fish. When the reprieve was announced, he shared the food with relatives who had gathered at the prison.[15]
Mona FandeyMurdererMalaysia2001Hanging at Kajang PrisonDeclined a last meal; she was instead given a dinner of KFC.[16][17]
Saddam HusseinCrimes against humanityIraq2006HangingThe Times states that "he refused their offers of cigarettes and a last meal of chicken and shawarma rice."[18] Other sources state Saddam ate his last meal of chicken and rice with a cup of hot water and honey.[19]
Ajmal KasabTerrorist involved in the 2008 Mumbai attacksIndia2012Hanging at Pune's Yerawada jailDeclined a last meal; he was given a basket of tomatoes and regular jail food.[20]
John Martin ScrippsSerial killerSingapore1996HangingA pizza and a cup of hot chocolate.[21]
Cheng Chieh Terrorist involved in the 2014 Taipei Metro attackTaiwan2016ShootingBiandang, consisting of stewed pork, rice and vegetables. [22]

Canada

United States

NameCrimeStateYearMethod of DispatchRequested Meal
Aileen WuornosSerial killerFlorida2002Lethal injectionDeclined a special meal, but had a hamburger and other snack food from the prison's canteen. Later, she drank a cup of coffee.[24]
Allen Lee DavisMurdererFlorida1999Electrocution350-pound "Tiny" Davis had one lobster tail, fried potatoes, a half-pound of fried shrimp, six ounces of fried clams, half a loaf of garlic bread, and 32 ounces of A&W root beer.[25]
Alton ColemanSpree KillerOhio2002Lethal injectionWell done filet mignon smothered with mushrooms, fried chicken breasts, a salad with French dressing, sweet potato pie with whipped cream, French fries, collard greens, onion rings, cornbread, broccoli with melted cheese, biscuits and gravy, and a cherry Coke.
Andrew LackeyMurdererAlabama2013Lethal injectionTurkey bologna, French fries, and grilled cheese.
Ángel Nieves DíazMurdererFlorida2006Lethal injectionDeclined a special meal. He was served the regular prison meal for that day, but declined that as well.[26]
Barton Kay KirkhamRobber and murdererUtah1958HangingPizzas and ice cream, "because you get cheese, meat and everything in one meal. Not so much fuss."[27]
Brian SteckelMurdererDelaware2005Lethal injectionCheesesteak, coleslaw, and a Pepsi.
Bruno Richard HauptmannLindbergh kidnapping and murderNew Jersey1936ElectrocutionCelery, olives, chicken, french fries, buttered peas, cherries, and a slice of cake.[13]
Cal Coburn BrownMurdererWashington State2010Lethal injectionCombination meat pizza, apple pie, coffee, and milk.
Clarence Ray AllenProxy murdererCalifornia2006Lethal injectionBuffalo steak, KFC, sugar-free pecan pie and sugar-free black walnut ice cream.[28]
Charles StarkweatherMurdererNebraska1959ElectrocutionDeclined the usual steak dinner, asking for cold cuts instead.
Daniel Anthony LucasMurdererGeorgia2016Lethal injectionMeat pizza, steak and cheese calzone, stuffed Portobello mushroom, chef's salad with ranch and honey mustard dressings, and orange juice.
Danny RollingThe Gainesville Ripper, serial murdererFlorida2006Lethal injectionLobster tail, butterfly shrimp, baked potato, strawberry cheesecake, and sweet tea.[29]
David Thomas DawsonMurdererMontana2006Lethal injectionTwo double cheeseburgers, two large servings of French fries, a half gallon of vanilla fudge ripple ice cream, and two Dr. Peppers.
David Alan GoreSerial killerFlorida2012Lethal injectionFried chicken, french fries & butter pecan ice cream.[30]
David MasonMurdererCalifornia1993Gas chamberDeclined a special meal, but chose to have some ice water while waiting in his cell.
Dennis Wayne BagwellMass MurdererTexas2005Lethal injectionMedium rare steak with A1 Steak Sauce, fried chicken breasts and thighs, BBQ ribs, French fries, onion rings, bacon, scrambled eggs with onions, fried potatoes with onions, sliced tomatoes, salad with ranch dressing, two hamburgers, peach pie, milk, coffee, and iced tea with real sugar.[31]
Dennis McGuireMurdererOhio2014Lethal injectionRoast beef, fried chicken, fried potatoes, a bagel with cream cheese, a Coke and butter pecan ice cream.[32]
Desmond Keith CarterMurdererNorth Carolina2002Lethal injectionDeclined a special meal, but had two cheeseburgers, a steak sub, and two Cokes from the prison canteen, for which he paid $4.20 from his prison account.[24]
Dobie Gillis WilliamsMurdererLouisiana1999Lethal injectionTwelve chocolate bars and some ice cream.
Donald Edward BeatyMurdererArizona2011Lethal injectionA beef chimichanga with salsa and guacamole, a double cheeseburger with all the fixings, fries, 14 ounces of rocky road ice cream, and a diet Pepsi.
Douglas WrightMurdererOregon1996Lethal injectionFive fried eggs sunny side up, crisp bacon, coffee and orange juice and one honey bun.
Edward HartmanMurdererNorth Carolina2003Lethal injectionA Greek salad, linguini with white clam sauce, cheesecake with cherry topping, garlic bread, and a Coke.[33]
Earl ForrestMurdererMissouri2016Lethal injectionSteak, pasta, fruit plate, sliced tomatoes and cucumbers, chocolate cake and milk
Edward SchadMurdererArizona2013Lethal injectionA 12 inch meatball sub, a large order of french fries with ketchup, two ears of corn on the cob, two ounces of cranberry sauce, a slice of apple pie, and a vanilla milkshake.
Elijah PageMurdererSouth Dakota2007Lethal injectionSteak, jalapeño poppers with cream sauce, onion rings, a salad with cherry tomatoes, ham chunks, shredded cheese, bacon bits, and blue cheese and ranch dressing, coffee, lemon iced tea, and ice cream.
Eric Scott BranchMurdererFlorida2018Lethal injectionT-bone steak, pork chop, fries, and two pints of Ben and Jerry's ice cream.
Eric NanceMurdererArkansas2005Lethal injectionTwo bacon cheeseburgers, french fries, two pints of chocolate chip cookie dough ice cream, and two Coca-Colas.
Eric WrinklesMass MurdererIndiana2009Lethal injectionPrime rib, a "loaded" baked potato, pork chops with steak fries, rolls and two salads with ranch dressing, served three days before execution because Indiana State Prison system found that condemned inmates tend to lose their appetite near the end.[34]
Frank SpisakSerial KillerOhio2011Lethal InjectionSpaghetti with light tomato sauce but no meat, tossed salad with Italian dressing, chocolate cake, coffee with cream and sugar and a root beer.
Francis CrowleyMurdererNew York1932ElectrocutionSteak and onions, French fries, apple pie, ice cream and melted ice cream.[11]
Frederick TreeshMurdererOhio2013Lethal injectionSteak with mushrooms, eggs, hash browns, cottage cheese, onion rings, deep-fried mushrooms, a hot fudge sundae and sodas.
Gary Lee DavisMurdererColorado1997Lethal injectionChocolate and vanilla ice cream cups, shared with the prison superintendent and a manager.[35]
Gary GilmoreMurdererUtah1977Firing squadA hamburger, hard-boiled eggs, a baked potato, a few cups of coffee, and three shots of contraband Jack Daniel's whiskey.[13][36][37]
Gary Michael HeidnikMurdererPennsylvania1999Lethal injectionTwo slices of a cheese pizza and two cups of black coffee.[38]
Gary Carl Simmons, Jr.MurdererMississippi2012Lethal injectionOne Pizza Hut medium Super Supreme Deep Dish pizza with double portions of mushrooms, onions, jalapeño peppers, and pepperoni, a second pizza with three cheeses, olives, bell pepper, tomato, garlic, and Italian sausage, 10 8-oz. packs of Parmesan cheese, 10 8-oz. packs of ranch dressing, one family size bag of Doritos nacho cheese flavor, 8 oz. jalapeño nacho cheese, 4 oz. sliced jalapeños, 2 large strawberry shakes, two 20-oz. cherry Cokes, one super-size order of McDonald's fries with extra ketchup and mayonnaise, and two pints of strawberry ice cream. He consumed about half of the meal.
Gerald Lee MitchellMurdererTexas2001Lethal injectionAssorted bag of Jolly Rancher candies [39] [40]
Gerald StanoSerial killerFlorida1998ElectrocutionDelmonico steak, a baked potato with sour cream and bacon bits, tossed salad with blue cheese dressing, lima beans, a half gallon of mint chocolate-chip ice cream, and 2 litres of Pepsi.[41]
Hastings Arthur WiseMass murdererSouth Carolina2005Lethal injectionLobster tail, french fries, coleslaw, banana pudding and milk.[42]
Ignacio CuevasPerpetrator of the 1974 Huntsville Prison SiegeTexas1991Lethal injectionChicken and dumplings, steamed rice, sliced bread, black-eyed peas, and iced tea.[43]
James Otto EarhartMurdererTexas1999Lethal injectionSteak, french fries, and one vanilla milkshake.
James Edward SmithMurdererTexas1990Lethal injectionA lump of dirt, which was denied. He settled for a cup of yogurt.[40]
James HubbardMurdererAlabama2004Lethal injectionTwo eggs over-medium, four pieces of bacon, sliced tomatoes, fried green tomatoes, pineapple slices with mayonnaise, white bread, a banana and a medium-sized V8 juice.
Joe ArridyFalsely accused of rape and murder. Posthumously pardoned in 2011Colorado1939Gas chamberIce cream.[44]
John David DutyMurdererOklahoma2010Lethal injectionA double cheeseburger with mayonnaise, a foot-long hot dog with cheese, mustard and extra onions, a cherry limeade, and a large banana shake.[45]
John Wayne GacySerial murdererIllinois1994Lethal injectionA dozen deep-fried shrimp, a bucket of original recipe chicken from KFC, French fries, a pound of strawberries, and a bottle of diet coke.[36]
John Allen MuhammadThe Beltway Sniper, murderVirginia2009Lethal injectionChicken with red sauce and several cakes.[46]
John Albert TaylorMurdererUtah1996Firing squadAntacid medicine, a cigarette, and pizzas "with everything."[47]
Joseph Paul FranklinSerial KillerMissouri2013Lethal injectionDeclined the traditional last meal, but had a lunch of roast beef and potatoes.
Joseph Mitchell ParsonsMurdererUtah1999Lethal injectionThree Burger King Whoppers, two large orders of fries, a chocolate shake, chocolate chip ice cream, and a package of grape Hubba Bubba bubblegum, to be shared with his brother and a cousin.[48]
Joseph TaborskySpree KillerConnecticut1960ElectrocutionBanana split, cherry soda, coffee with cream and sugar, and a pack of cigarettes.
Keith ZettlemoyerMurdererPennsylvania1995Lethal injectionTwo cheeseburgers, fries, chocolate pudding and chocolate milk.[49]
Lawrence Russell BrewerMurdererTexas2011Lethal injectionTwo chicken fried steaks smothered in gravy with sliced onions; a triple meat bacon cheeseburger with fixings on the side; a cheese omelet with ground beef, tomatoes, onions, bell peppers and jalapeños; a large bowl of fried okra with ketchup; one pound of barbecue with half a loaf of white bread; three fajitas with fixings; a Meat Lovers pizza; three root beers; one pint of Blue Bell vanilla ice cream; and a slab of peanut butter fudge with crushed peanuts.[50] Brewer's request was granted, but he refused the meal when it arrived saying that he was simply not hungry, prompting Texas to stop granting last meal requests to condemned inmates.[51]
Ledell LeeMurdered his neighborArkansas2017Lethal injectionChose to receive Holy Communion as his last meal.[52]
Leon MoserMass MurdererPennsylvania1995Lethal injectionA large cheese pizza, cheese slices, cold cuts, pasta salad, iced cup cakes and a 2-liter bottle of Coca-Cola.
Lowell Lee AndrewsMass MurdererKansas1962HangingTwo fried chickens with sides of mashed potatoes, green beans and Pie a la Mode.[53]
Marcel WilliamsMurdererArkansas2017Lethal injection400-pound Marcel Williams last meal consisted of 3 pieces of original recipe KFC fried chicken, banana pudding, nachos with chili cheese and jalapeno peppers, two 16 oz bottles of Mountain Dew, and potato logs with ketchup.
Marion Albert PruettSpree killerArkansas1999Lethal injectionA stuffed crust pizza from Pizza Hut, four Burger King Whoppers, a large order of French fries, three two-liter bottles of Pepsi, a bucket of ice, a bottle of ketchup, salt, fried eggplant, fried squash, fried okra, and a pecan pie. In an interview prior to his execution date, he said he was going to share his last meal with another inmate who was going to be executed the same day. He went on to say he originally wanted to have a roast duck for his last meal, but declined because he felt the prison wouldn't cook it.
Mark Dean SchwabMurdererFlorida2008Lethal injectionFried eggs (over easy), bacon, sausage links, hash browns, buttered toast, and a quart of chocolate milk.
Mark HopkinsonProxy murdererWyoming1992Lethal injectionPizza, shared with his mother and other family members.
Martha BeckSerial KillerNew York1951ElectrocutionFried chicken, fried potatoes and salad.[11]
Michael Bruce RossSerial murderConnecticut2005Lethal injectionDeclined a special meal, but dined on the regular prison meal of the day: turkey à la king with rice, mixed vegetables, white bread, fruit, and a beverage.[54]
Oba ChandlerMurdererFlorida2011Lethal injectionTwo salami sandwiches on white bread with mustard, peanut butter and grape jelly sandwich on white bread, iced tea and coffee.
Odell BarnesMurdererTexas2000Lethal injection"Justice, Equality, World Peace."[55]
Paul Ezra RhoadesSerial killerIdaho2011Lethal injectionHot dogs, sauerkraut, mustard, ketchup, onions, relish, baked beans, veggie sticks, ranch dressing, fruit with gelatin and strawberry ice cream cups
Perry Smith and Richard HickockMass murdersKansas1965HangingShrimp, French fries, garlic bread, ice cream, and strawberries with whipped cream.[13]
Philip WorkmanMurdererTennessee2007Lethal injectionDeclined a special meal for himself, but he asked for a large vegetarian pizza to be given to a homeless person in Nashville, Tennessee. This request was denied by the prison, but carried out by others across the country.[56][57]
Rainey BetheaMurder and rapeKentucky1936Hanged, last person executed in public in the USFried chicken, pork chops, mashed potatoes, pickled cucumbers, cornbread, lemon pie, and ice cream.[58]
Ralph HudsonMurdererNew Jersey1963ElectrocutionPrime rib steak, ice cream and a cigar.
Randy GreenawaltSerial killerArizona1997Lethal injectionTwo cheeseburgers, french fries with extra salt, coffee with milk.[59]
Raymond FernandezSerial KillerNew York1951ElectrocutionOnion omelet, french fries, chocolate candy, and a Cuban cigar.
Richard Albert LeavittMurdererIdaho2012Lethal injectionBaked chicken, french fries, and milk.
Ricky Ray RectorMurdererArkansas1992Lethal injectionSteak, fried chicken, cherry Kool-Aid, and a pecan pie. Rector, rendered mentally incapacitated by his suicide attempt after murdering a police officer, said that he did not eat the pie because he was saving it for later.[60]
Richard CooeyMurder and rapeOhio2008Lethal injection. Clemency appeal based on his being too overweight for lethal injection drugs to work on him properlyT-bone steak with A-1 sauce, onion rings, French fries, four eggs over easy, toast with butter, hash browns, a pint of rocky road ice cream, a Mountain Dew soft drink and authentic bear claw pastries [61]
Robert Alton HarrisMurdererCalifornia1992Gas ChamberA 21-piece bucket of KFC, two large Domino's Pizzas (no anchovies), ice cream, a bag of jelly beans, a six-pack of Pepsi, and a pack of Camel cigarettes.[62][63] The pizza was actually a Tombstone Pizza, per Vernell Crittendon's orders.[64] Crittendon worked at the prison and was responsible for dealing with the condemned person before his execution.
Robert MoormanMurdererArizona2012Lethal injectionOne double hamburger (two quarter-pound patties prepared “medium”) with two slices of onion, three leaves of lettuce, three tomato slices and a bun; plus French fries (with four ounces of ketchup), two three-ounce beef burritos, three Royal Crown colas, and two 14-ounce containers of Rocky Road ice cream.
Ronald Clark O'BryanMurdererTexas1984Lethal injectionT-bone steak (medium to well done), French fries with ketchup, whole kernel corn, sweet peas, a lettuce and tomato salad with egg and French dressing, iced tea, sweetener, saltines, Boston cream pie, and rolls.[55]
Ronnie Lee GardnerMurdererUtah2010Firing squadLobster tail, steak, apple pie, vanilla ice cream, 7 Up, and watching The Lord of the Rings film trilogy.[65]
Ruth SnyderMurdererNew York1928Electrocution, photographed in the electric chairChicken Parmesan with alfredo pasta, ice cream, two milkshakes, and a 12-pack of grape soda.[9]
Stephen Wayne AndersonMurderCalifornia2002Lethal injectionTwo grilled cheese sandwiches, one pint of cottage cheese, a hominy-corn mixture, one piece of peach pie, one pint of chocolate chip ice cream, and radishes.[66]
Ted BundySerial killerFlorida1989ElectrocutionDeclined a special meal, so he was given (but did not eat) the traditional steak (medium-rare), eggs (over easy), hash browns, toast, milk, coffee, juice, butter, and jelly.[13][67]
Teresa LewisProxy murdererVirginia2010Lethal injectionTwo fried chicken breasts, sweet peas with butter, a Dr Pepper and German chocolate cake for dessert.[68]
Terry Douglas ClarkMurdererNew Mexico2001Lethal injectionSeveral jumbo shrimp, French fries, fried okra, peach cobbler, ice cream, and a Coke.
Terry Jess DennisMurdererNevada2004Lethal injectionTwo cheeseburgers and a Coke with ice.
Thomas J. GrassoMurdererOklahoma1995Lethal injectionTwo dozen steamed mussels, two dozen steamed clams, a double cheeseburger from Burger King, half-dozen barbecued spare ribs, two strawberry milkshakes, half a pumpkin pie with whipped cream and diced strawberries, and a 16-ounce can of spaghetti with meatballs, served at room temperature.[40] However, he issued a public statement complaining that he had requested SpaghettiOs, not spaghetti.[69]
Timothy McVeighDomestic terrorist/mass murderOklahoma, executed in Indiana2001Lethal injectionTwo pints of mint chocolate chip ice cream.[70][71]
Velma BarfieldMurdererNorth Carolina1984Lethal injectionDeclined a special meal, having a bag of Cheez Doodles and a 12-ounce can of Coca-Cola instead.[72]
Victor FeguerMurdererIowa1963HangingRequested a single olive with the pit still in it.[73]
Wesley BakerMurdererMaryland2005Lethal injectionBreaded fish, pasta marinara, green beans, orange fruit punch, bread, and milk (this was what was on the prison menu that day).[74]
Westley Allan DoddThe Vancouver Child Killer, serial killer and child molesterWashington state1993HangingSalmon and potatoes.[75]
William BoninSerial murderer and rapistCalifornia1996Lethal injectionTwo pepperoni and sausage pizzas, three servings of chocolate ice cream, and three six-packs of Coca-Cola and Pepsi.[76]
William G. Zuern, Jr.MurdererOhio2004Lethal injectionMashed potatoes and gravy, lasagna, macaroni and cheese, corn, garlic bread, chocolate milk, and cherry cheesecake.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lynn-George, Michael. "The Writing Lesson: From the Dragon's Teeth to Tristes Tropiques". The International Journal of the Humanities. 4 (8): 61–72. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  2. ↑ "Death Row Fact Sheet". Florida Department of Corrections. Archived from the original on 12 June 2008. Retrieved 11 November 2007.
  3. 1 2 "Last-meal requests come to an end on Texas death row".
  4. ↑ The Book of Lists #3. Bantam. 1983. pp. 85–87. ISBN 0-553-27868-1.
  5. ↑ Ward, Mike. "Last Meals for Condemned Cons Off Menu". Austin American Statesman.
  6. ↑ "Texas jails abolish last meals after uneaten banquet". BBC Online. 23 September 2011. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
  7. ↑ Fernandez, Manny (23 September 2011). "Texas Death Row Kitchen Cooks Its Last 'Last Meal'". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
  8. ↑ "Last-meal requests off death row menu".
  9. 1 2 The Book of Lists #3. Bantam. 1983. p. 85. ISBN 0-553-27868-1.
  10. ↑ "The Southeast Missourian - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com.
  11. 1 2 3 The Book of Lists #3. Bantam. 1983. p. 86. ISBN 0-553-27868-1.
  12. ↑ "Roger Casement".
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 "No Seconds". TIME Magazine. 23 May 1994. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
  14. ↑ "Bali Nine executions: Families of Andrew Chan, Myuran Sukumaran say last goodbyes". News.com.au. 29 April 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
  15. ↑ "Asia-Pacific – Philippines stay of execution welcomed". BBC News –.
  16. ↑ "Mona Fandey – A modern witchcraft murder". CapitalpunishmentUK.org. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
  17. ↑ "Mona Fandey, hubby and assistant hanged". The Star (Malaysia). 3 November 2001. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
  18. ↑ Ned Parker and Ali Hamdani (1 January 2007). "How one mobile phone made Saddam's hanging a very public execution". The Times (UK). London. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
  19. ↑ Google. "Saddam Hussein Last Meal". Google.
  20. ↑ Shaikh, Asseem; Mihir Tanksale; Umesh Isalkar (22 November 2012). "Ajmal Kasab sang in cell the night before". Times of India. Pune. TNN. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  21. ↑ "John Martin Scripps". Capitalpunishmentuk.org. Retrieved 2013-06-29.
  22. ↑ Pan, Jason (11 May 2016). "MRT murderer executed with appeal unheard". Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  23. ↑ The Last to Die: Ronald Turpin, Arthur Lucas, and the End of Capital Punishment in Canada. Dundurn. 2007. p. 176. ISBN 978-1550026726.
  24. 1 2 "Last Meals on Death Row (2002)". Dead Man Eating. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
  25. ↑ "Allen Lee "Tiny" Davis". Clark County Prosecutor. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
  26. ↑ "Last Meals on Death Row (2006)". Dead Man Eating. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
  27. ↑ "Killer Calmly Goes To Death". The Florence Times. Associated Press. 7 June 1958. p. 1. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  28. ↑ "Clarence Ray Allen". Clark County Prosecutor. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
  29. ↑ "'Gainesville Ripper' Danny Rolling Executed". WESH. 25 October 2006. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
  30. ↑ "Gore executed, nearly 30 years after string of murders". Gainesville Sun. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
  31. ↑ "Dennis Wayne Bagwell". Clark County Prosecutor. Retrieved 3 July 2008.
  32. ↑ Josh Sweigart (Jan 15, 2014). "Local killer orders roast beef, fried chicken for last meal before execution". Dayton Daily News. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  33. ↑ "Last Meals on Death Row (2003)". Dead Man Eating. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
  34. ↑ "Wrinkles Awaits Death For Triple Murder". WRTV. 10 December 2009. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
  35. ↑ Ryckman, Lisa (14 October 1997). "Davis pays final price". Rocky Mountain News. Archived from the original on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
  36. 1 2 John Peck (5 January 2006). "Last Meals". Tucson Weekly. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
  37. ↑ Katherine Ramsland. "Gary Gilmore: Death Wish". Crime Library. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
  38. ↑ Wolcott, Martin Gilman (1 January 2004). The Evil 100. Citadel Press. p. 286. ISBN 978-0-8065-2555-6. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
  39. ↑ "Gerald Lee Mitchell". Clark County Prosecutor. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  40. 1 2 3 Nick Collins (7 December 2010). "Last meals: weird requests on death row". telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
  41. ↑ Michael Griffin (March 23, 1998). "Execution flurry begins". The Orlando Sentinel. p. 1. Retrieved 27 July 2017 – via newspapers.com.
  42. ↑ "Famous Death Row Last Meals". Huffington Post. 17 June 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
  43. ↑ "Final Meal Requests." Texas Department of Criminal Justice. 1 October 2003. Retrieved on 4 December 2010.
  44. ↑ ""Happiest Man" in death cell dies in chair". St. Petersburg Times. Jan 7, 1939. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  45. ↑ Murphy, Sean (17 December 2010). "Oklahoma executes man with new drug combination". The Oklahoman. Associated Press. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  46. ↑ Meserve, Jeanne; Mike M. Ahlers (11 November 2009). "Sniper John Allen Muhammad executed". Jarratt, Virginia: CNN. Retrieved 2 October 2010. The lawyer said Muhammad's last meal was "chicken and red sauce, and he had some cakes.
  47. ↑ Hal Schindler (28 January 1996). "Taylor's Death Was Quick . . . But Some Weren't So Lucky". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
  48. ↑ Bryson, Amy Joi (14 October 1999). "Death wish Execution comes 12 years after murder at rest stop". Deseret News. p. 3. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
  49. ↑ "Man Put to Death in Pennsylvania". San Francisco Chronicle. 3 May 1995. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
  50. ↑ Scott Lawrence (21 September 2011). "Lawrence Russell Brewer refuses to eat final meal". KFDM News. Archived from the original on 2012-02-17. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  51. ↑ "Texas kills fancy last meal requests on death row". Reuters. 23 September 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
  52. ↑ Kandra, Greg (22 April 2017). "Ledell Lee's last meal: Holy Communion". Aleteia. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  53. ↑ The Book of Lists #3. Bantam. 1983. pp. 86–87. ISBN 0-553-27868-1.
  54. ↑ "Michael Bruce Ross". Clark County Prosecutor. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
  55. 1 2 "Final Meal Requests". Texas Department of Criminal Justice. 12 September 2003. Archived from the original on 2 December 2003. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
  56. ↑ Ashley Fantz (9 May 2007). "Killer orders pizza for homeless as last meal". CNN. Archived from the original on 15 May 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
  57. ↑ "Last Meals on Death Row (2007)". Dead Man Eating. Retrieved 12 August 2007.
  58. ↑ Ryan, Perry T. (1992). "24. Final Preparations for the Hanging". The Last Public Execution in America. Ryan, Perry T. ISBN 0-9625504-5-0. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  59. ↑ Revere, C. T. (January 23, 1997). "Greenawalt executed for murders". Tucson Citizen. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  60. ↑ Beam, Christopher. "Can a prisoner request anything for his last meal?". Slate. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
  61. ↑ "Richard Wade Cooey II #1124". www.clarkprosecutor.org.
  62. ↑ "Capital Punishment – Harris, Robert Alton". California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Archived from the original on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
  63. ↑ Lance Morrow (4 May 1992). "Television Dances With the Reaper". TIME Magazine. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
  64. ↑ Jonathan Kellerman, ed. (2008). "Dean of Death Row (by Tad Friend)". The best American crime reporting, 2008. New York: Harper Perennial. p. 143. ISBN 0-06-149083-0.
  65. ↑ Sanchez, Ray (18 June 2010). "Ronnie Lee Gardner Executed by Firing Squad in Utah". Good Morning America. pp. 1–4. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
  66. ↑ "Stephen Wayne Anderson". Clark County Prosecutor. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
  67. ↑ Paula Tully Bryant. "Timeline: 1989 – A History of Corrections in Florida". Florida Department of Corrections. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
  68. ↑ Glod, Maria (23 September 2010). "Teresa Lewis pronounced dead by Va. authorities". The Washington Post. p. 2. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
  69. ↑ Schwartzman, Paul; Finnegan, Michael (20 March 1995). "Grasso Is Put To Death; Poem, Complaint His Final Words". New York Daily News. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
  70. ↑ Catherine Quayle (11 June 2001). "Execution of an American Terrorist". Court TV.
  71. ↑ Rita Cosby (12 June 2001). "Timothy McVeigh Put to Death for Oklahoma City Bombings". FOX News. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
  72. ↑ Schmidt, William (3 November 1984). "First Woman Is Executed in U.S. Since 1962". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
  73. ↑ "Federal govt.'s last execution was in Iowa in 1963". USA Today. 20 June 2001. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
  74. ↑ "Last Meals on Death Row (2005)". Dead Man Eating. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
  75. ↑ Egan, Timothy. "For First Time Since '65, A State Uses Its Gallows". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  76. ↑ Mark Gribben. "William Bonin: The Freeway Killer". Crime Library. Retrieved 11 August 2007.

Further reading

  • Treadwell, Ty and Vernon, Michelle (2011) Last Suppers: Famous Final Meals from Death Row
  • Van Dülmen, Richard (1990). Theatre of Horror : Crime and Punishment in Early Modern Germany. Cambridge. ISBN 0-7456-0616-4.
  • Foucault, Michel (1977). Discipline & Punish : The Birth of the Prison. ISBN 0-679-75255-2.
  • Von Hentig, Hans (1973). Punishment – Its Origin, Purpose, and Psychology. ISBN 0-87585-147-9.
  • Osler, Mark (February 2009). "Ch. 7: Last Meal / Last Supper". Jesus on Death Row: The Trial of Jesus and American Capital Punishment. Nashville, Tennessee: Abingdon Press. pp. 63–67. ISBN 978-0-687-64756-9.
  • Jones, Michael Owen. "Dining on Death Row: Last Meals and the Crutch of Ritual". The Journal of American Folklore. University of Illinois Press (on the American Folklore Society's behalf). 127 (503): 3–26. doi:10.5406/jamerfolk.127.503.0003.
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