Capital punishment in Thailand

Thailand, as of 2018, is one of 58 nations that retains capital punishment. Of the 10 ASEAN nations, only Cambodia and the Philippines have outlawed it.[1] However, Brunei and Laos do not practice executions, and Malaysia has a moratorium.

Thailand retains the death penalty, but rarely employs it. Since 1935 Thailand has executed 326 persons, 319 by shooting (the last was shot on 11 December 2003) and seven by lethal injection (the latest on 18 June 2018). As of March 2018, 510 persons remain on death row.[2] Bang Khwang Central Prison contains the nation's primary death row, but death rows also exist in provincial prisons, for both men and women.[1]

Thai law permits the imposition of a death sentence for 35 crimes, including murder and drug trafficking.[3]

History

During the Rattanakosin period, Thailand—then called Siam—was under the "Law of the Three Seals", also called Kotmai Tra Sam Duang. This system was codified in 1805 during the reign of King Rama I and remained in place until Thailand transitioned to a constitutional monarchy following a bloodless revolution in 1932. There were 21 different forms of capital punishment under the Law of the Three Seals, many of them cruel. For example, those convicted of treason would be wrapped in oil-soaked cloth and set ablaze. Execution methods have changed over the years. In 1938, for example, convicts were executed using a single fire rifle. In later years, the convicts were handcuffed to a cross and an executioner fired on command. One convict, a woman who had organised a kidnapping, was put on the cross twice as she survived the first bullet.[4][5] In 2001 five convicts were executed by firing squad in a public execution, provoking strong criticism from human rights groups.[6]

In 2003, Thailand adopted lethal injection as the sole means of execution.[3]

According to a statement by the Corrections Department on 18 June 2018, there have been a total of 326 people legally executed under the modern Penal Code since its enactment in 1935, of whom 319 were executed by means of shooting, and seven by lethal injection.[7]

The last execution by shooting was on 11 December 2003 and the first execution by lethal injection took place the following day.[7]

The most recent execution occurred on 18 June 2018, when the death sentence of a 26 year-old man guilty of robbery resulting in death was carried out. This is the first execution in nine years and the man was the country's seventh person to be executed by means of lethal injection.[8]

The number of executions in Thailand since 2002
2002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020
114000002000000001

Public opinion

A 2014 Bangkok Post article said that "Mahidol University lecturer Srisombat Chokprajakchat said last week that her survey indicated more than 41 percent of Thais nationwide want to keep the death penalty on the books, but only 8 percent want to scrap capital punishment, with the majority undecided. Srisombat said most of those who favoured execution as a legal punishment felt it was the most effective deterrent against capital crimes, including murder and rape.[9]

The Bangkok Post in 2018 asked whether the death penalty should continue to be enforced. A majority, 92.49 percent, agreed and 7.51 percent disagreed.[10] Another survey indicated that 41 percent wanted to retain the death penalty as a sentencing option.[1] Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha in 2018 said that the death penalty is necessary to maintain peace and order and deter severe crimes in spite of general acknowledgement that the possibility of execution does not serve to deter crime.[2]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Debating the Death Penalty" (Opinion). Bangkok Post. 20 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  2. 1 2 "Death penalty 'here to stay'". Bangkok Post. 20 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  3. 1 2 "HANDS OFF CAIN against death penalty in the world". Hands Off Cain. Retrieved 2018-09-09.
  4. ↑ Barrow, Richard (13 August 2007). "The Last Executioner". Thai Prison Life. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
  5. ↑ Barrow, Richard (15 July 2007). "The Last Public Beheading". Thai Prison Life. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
  6. ↑ "Thai executions condemned". BBC News. 20 April 2001. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  7. 1 2 "ด่วน! กรมราชทัณฑ์ประหารชีวิต นักโทษคดีฆ่าชิงทรัพย์ 1 ราย". Matichon Online (in Thai). Bangkok. 2018-06-18. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
  8. ↑ กองบรรณาธิการวอยซ์ออนไลน์ (2018-06-18). "ความตายในรอบ 9 ปี 'ราชทัณฑ์' ประหารชีวิตนักโทษชาย คดีฆ่าชิงทรัพย์". Voice (in Thai). Bangkok. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
  9. ↑ "No Unity on Death Penalty". Bangkok Post. 11 August 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  10. ↑ "Majority want continued enforcement of death penalty: Nida Poll". Bangkok Post. 24 June 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
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