Larvik

Larvik kommune
Municipality

Coat of arms
Vestfold within
Norway

Larvik within Vestfold
Coordinates: 59°4′52″N 10°0′59″E / 59.08111°N 10.01639°E / 59.08111; 10.01639Coordinates: 59°4′52″N 10°0′59″E / 59.08111°N 10.01639°E / 59.08111; 10.01639
Country Norway
County Vestfold
Administrative centre Larvik
Government
 • Mayor (2011) Rune Høiseth (A)
Area
 • Total 535 km2 (207 sq mi)
 • Land 501 km2 (193 sq mi)
Area rank #199 in Norway
Population (2017-1-1)
 • Total 46,211
 • Rank #19 in Norway
 • Density 82/km2 (210/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years) 5.5%
Demonym(s) Larviking
Larviker
Larvikar[1]
Time zone UTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST) UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 code NO-0712
Official language form Bokmål
Website www.larvik.kommune.no
Data from Statistics Norway

 Larvik  is a town and municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Larvik. The municipality of Larvik has about 46,364 inhabitants. Larvik covers 530 km², which makes it the largest municipality in Vestfold County by size. The municipality has a 110 km coastline, only shorter than that of neighboring Sandefjord.[2]

The city achieved market town status in 1671.[3] Larvik was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The city of Stavern, and the rural municipalities of Brunlanes, Hedrum, and Tjølling were forcefully merged into the municipality of Larvik on 1 January 1988.[4] On 1 January 2018, neighboring Lardal was merged into Larvik as part of a nationwide municipal reform.[5] After the merge, Larvik is the largest municipality in Vestfold County by area, and the second-most populous municipality in the county.[6]

Larvik is known as the hometown of Thor Heyerdahl.[7] It is also home to Bøkeskogen, the northernmost beech tree forest in the world. It is also home of Norway's only natural mineral water spring, Farriskilden.[8][9] Farris Bad has been described as one of the best spas in Europe.[10] It has the largest spa department in Scandinavia.[11][12]

Larvik has a daily ferry connection to Hirtshals, Denmark.[13]

General information

Istrehågan contains rock carvings dated to 1500-500 BCE.[14]

Name

The Norse form of the name must have been Lagarvík. The first element is the genitive case of lǫgr m 'water; river' (now called Numedalslågen river), the last element is vík f 'cove, wick'. The meaning is "the cove at the mouth of (Numedals)lågen". Prior to 1889, the name was written "Laurvik" or "Laurvig".

Coat-of-arms

The coat of arms is from modern times, and was granted in 1989. It is blue with a silver-colored mast with three sails to represent the maritime traditions of the municipality.

History

Helgeroa Harbor in 1953.

Various remains from the Stone Age have been discovered in Larvik, for instance by Torpevannet by Helgeroa village. Raet goes through all of Vestfold County before peaking out of the ocean in Mølen. Ancient peoples have carried rocks from Raet and constructed vast numbers of burial mounds at Mølen. During the Roman Iron Age, ancient peoples erected a stone monument resembling a ship at Istrehågan, one of Norway’s greatest remains (“oldtidsminne”) from prehistoric times.[15] Immediately across the Sandefjord border by Istrehågan is Haugen farm, which is the largest petroglyph site in Vestfold County.[16]

Kaupang in Skiringssal is an archeological site where archeologists first discovered burial mounds, and later uncovered the remains of an ancient town. It is now known as the oldest known merchant town in Norway. There were international trade from a bay in Viksfjord, few kilometers east of Larvik, over 1,200 years ago.[17] Skiringssal has remains from the oldest town yet discovered in the Nordic Countries,[18] and it was one of Scandinavia’s earliest urban sites.[19]

The city of Larvik was a 19th century spa community, home of Larvik Bath. The spa welcomed several members of government and also Russian oligarchs. The royal family, King Haakon VII and Queen Maud, vacationed at Larvik Bad in 1906. The spa also welcomed Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson in 1909, who wrote some of his lasts poems in Larvik, and Knut Hamsun in 1917. Hamsun wrote his novel Growth of the Soil in Larvik, which later earned him the 1920 Nobel Prize for Literature.[20]

Larvik received market town status in 1671.[21] The city of Larvik (in contemporaneous Danish spelling: Laurvig) was founded in 1671 by Ulrik Fredrik Gyldenløve, who became the first count of Laurvig. The castle can still be visited today. Larvik houses the Treschow estate, Fritzøehus, which is currently owned by Mille-Marie Treschow, reportedly "Norway's richest woman". The Treschow estate was created in the 1820s when the last count of Laurvig was declared bankrupt.

Larvik, along with neighbouring Sandefjord and Tønsberg, were the three dominant whaling cities of Norway in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.[22]

Demographics

Larvik’s population is primarily centered around the coast. The administrative centre of the municipality, Larvik proper, is the only city in Larvik Municipality. The city’s residential areas are first and foremost in the hills between the fjord and Bøkeskogen.[23]

Number of minorities (1st and 2nd generation) in Larvik by country of origin in 2017[24]
Ancestry Number
 Poland1,095
 Iraq412
 Lithuania391
 Syria388
 Vietnam333
 Somalia297
 Denmark216
 Sweden211
 Germany203
 Kosovo196
 Philippines139
 Bosnia127
 Thailand119
 Turkey116
 Eritrea113

Larvik Municipality had a total population of 46,899 as of January 1, 2018,[25] while the city of Larvik had a 2016 population of 23,927.[26] Immigrants made up 11.2 percent of the population in 2017.[27] The largest immigrant groups (first- and second generation immigrants) were: Polish (1,200), Lithuanians (446), Iraqis (408), Vietnamese (327), and Somalis (318).[28]

Figures from a census held at the beginning of the 19th century indicate that Larvik’s population has quadrupled in approximately 200 years. Its population however is spread through the county’s largest municipality, and less than 50% reside in the city of Larvik. The majority of the population is found along and around the Larvik Fjord, from Stavern in the west to Gon in the east.[29] The population sometimes double during summer weeks due to tourism.[30] Larvik is home to 4,775 vacation homes as of 2018.[31]

Economy

Larvik is the most important agricultural municipality in Vestfold County. Besides grains, other crops include potatoes and vegetables. It has the county’s largest production of cucumbers and tomatoes. Important industries are commerce, hotel- and restaurant management. The fishing industry is the second-largest in Vestfold, only smaller than in Færder Municipality. Important fishing harbors are Stavern, Helgeroa, and Nevlunghavn. Furthermore, Larvik has the biggest logging industry in the county. Norway Spruce is the most important tree species.[32]

Larvikite is exported from Larvik to countries in Europe and to the United States.[33]

Tourism

Beach at Ula.

Larvik is first and foremost known as a summer community. Due to its stable climate and one of Norway’s highest median temperatures, Larvik experiences significant summer tourism.[34][35] Larvik’s climate is among the mildest in Norway, with one of the nation’s highest number of annual sunshine days. It is home to over 4,000 vacation homes.[36]

The coastal town of Stavern and picturesque villages of Helgeroa and Nevlunghavn receive large numbers of tourists during summer months. Stavern is known as a summer community,[37] and its population more than doubles during summers.[38] Tourist attractions in Stavern include Hall of Remembrance, Fredriksvern, and Citadellet. Citadel Island is home of Staverns Fortress which dates to the 1680s. The island is a current refuge for artists.[39][40]

Kaupang has been described as the “chief attraction” for visitors in Larvik.[41] Kapuang is also known as Norway’s most important monument from the Viking Age.[42] Another source describes Mølen Geopark as Larvik's most visited tourist attraction.[43] Other attractions include the Maritime Museum, Fritzøehus, Herregården, the home of Thor Heyerdahl, and Bøkeskogen. Larvik is also home to Farris Bad, the largest spa in the Nordic countries, which has been described as one of Europe’s best spa facilities.[44]

Geography

Torstrand in Larvik.
Bøkeskogen is Norway's largest and the northernmost birch tree forest on Earth.[45][46][47]

Larvik occupies the southwestern corner of Vestfold County, between Sandefjord in the east and the Langesundsfjord in the west. The coast stretches from the entrance to the Sandefjordsfjord and to the Langesundsfjord. The coastline consists of various beaches, bays, islets and skerries. The land is relatively flat along the coast and by the many bays, while the interior parts consist of large and hilly woodlands. Larger mountains are found along the border to Telemark County in the west.[48] Berganvarden at 456 meters is the highest peak in Larvik municipality. It lies in northwestern Larvik, on the west side of Lågen River. The peak is situated at the border with Lardal and Siljan.[49]

The municipality is approximately 105 kilometres (65 mi) southwest of Oslo. The municipality covers an area of 530 square kilometres (200 sq mi), and has a population of 41,211 (23,100 of which reside in the town). Larvik is the largest municipality in Vestfold County with an area covering 531 sq. km. However, by population Larvik is the third-most popolous municipality, only smaller than neighboring Tønsberg and Sandefjord.[50] Larvik has its own fjord which connects to the Lågen River.[51]

Larvik borders to Kongsberg in the north, Sandefjord in the east, and Porsgrunn and Siljan (Telemark County) in the west. The southernmost point in the municipality is Tvistein Lighthouse in the sea south of Hummerbakken in Brunlanes. On the mainland, its southernmost point is found in Oddane, between Mølen and Nevlunghavn. The westernmost point is Geiterøya Island in the Langesundsfjord, and the easternmost point is one of the Rauer islets. The highest point is Vindfjell at 622 m. which lies on the border with Telemark County in the west.[52]

The district also includes the town of Stavern (population: 5,000) and the villages of Nevlunghavn, Helgeroa, Kvelde, Hvarnes, and Tjølling. Notable geographical features include the lake Farris and the river Numedalslågen, locally called Lågen, which terminates in Larvik, east of the town. Other bodies of water include the lakes Farris, Goksjø and Hallevatnet.

Larvik is also noted for its natural springs of mineral water, Farriskildene, which have been commercially exploited under the brand name Farris. At Kaupang in Tjølling lies the remains of the medieval Skiringssal trading outpost. Larvik is also home to the world's northernmost natural occurrence of Fagus sylvatica forests (European Beech tree), known as Bøkeskogen ("The Birch Tree Forest").

Larvik panorama

Villages

Harbour in Nevlunghavn, a small fishing village and the southernmost point in mainland Vestfold.[53]

Larvik Municipality is home to one city and 7 villages:[54]

Himberg is an exclave which is part of Sandefjord, although bordering Larvik in all directions.[55][56][57] Attempts at annexing Himberg into Larvik have largely been met with protests from Himberg residents. A 1995 attempt at annexing Himberg was canceled due to protests from local residents.[58] There are only four such enclaves in Norway, and Himberg is the most populous enclave in Norway, with a population of approximately 40 people. Himberg is 1.4 km2 (0.54 sq. mi.).[59]

Culture

Larvik Museum

Larvik Maritime Museum is housed in Larvik's oldest brick building.

Larvik Museum Society founded in 1916. The museum is now associated with Vestfold Museum (Vestfoldmuseene). Larvik Museum was established with the purpose of preserving, and restoring the city’s collection of historic buildings. [60][61][62]

Verkensgården houses geological exhibitions of Larvikite, a locally quarried 500-million-year-old granite type.[63]

Treschow-Fritzøe Museum (Verkensgården) houses exhibitions from the former Treschow-Fritzøe ironworks. Verkensgarorden displays tools, equipment, drawings, and models illustrating the iron-production era in Larvik, which dated from 1670 to 1870. The exhibition shows various aspects; from the geological process of creation to production, and use of the stone larvikite, the area's main export product. The Iron Works was closed during 1868.[64]

Herregården is one of Norway’s best preserved wooden structures.[65]
Fritzøehus is the largest privately-owned estate in Norway.[66][67][68]

Manor House (Herregården) was built by Ulrik Fredrik Gyldenløve for his third wedding in 1677. It is a large wooden structure with well-preserved baroque interiors from the 1730s. Herregården manor house is a large Baroque wooden building with classic elements. The interior design is mainly Baroque and Regency style. The house is filled with 17th- and 18th-century antiques.[69] Herregården from 1677 is considered one of Norway’s finest secular Baroque structures.[70] It is one of few baroque architectural monuments representing nobility in Norway.[71][72] Furthermore, it is one of Norway’s largest wooden buildings from 17th century.[73]

Larvik Maritime Museum (Larvik Sjøfartsmuseum) is housed in Larvik's oldest brick building, dating from 1730. Larvik Maritime Museum is located in the old customs house, and is the residence of the local building inspector. This museum displays models of ships, paintings of sailing vessels, and other nautical artifacts to bring the port's maritime history alive. One section of the museum is devoted to the expeditions of Larvik-born Thor Heyerdahl.[74][75]

Fritzøehus

Fritzøehus is a private estate located in Larvik. The estate has traditionally been associated with various members of the Treschow family and is presently owned by Mille-Marie Treschow.

It is Norway’s largest privately-owned estate.[76][77][78]

Recreation areas

Larvik is home to two of Vesfold's largest lakes: Farris and Goksjø.

Recreation areas include the beach Lydhusstranda at Naverfjorden.[79]

Numedalslågen, which is considered one of Norway's best salmon fishing rivers, is located in Larvik.[80][81][82][83] Freshwater fishing is also common at Goksjø Lake, which lies on the Sandefjord-Larvik border. Fish species in this lake include Northern pike, European perch, Ide, Common dace, European eel, Salmon, and Brown trout.[84] The lake is also used for ice-skating, canoeing, swimming, boating, and other recreational activities.

The 12-meter Trollfoss is the largest and tallest waterfall in Vestfold County.[85][86]

Hiking trails can be found throughout the municipality, including in the city forest Bøkeskogen, Norway's largest birch tree forest.[87][88] This forest is home to various trails, from 2.6 km (1.6 mi.) to the longest which is 10 km (6.2 mi.) in length.[89] Hiking trails can also be found at Mølen, which is an UNESCO GeoPark and home of Norway's largest stone beach.[90][91] The Coastal Path (Kyststien) is a 35 km from Brunlanes to Stavern. Additional hiking trails can be found by Goksjø- and Farris Lakes.[92] Farris Lake is the largest lake in Vestfold County.[93]

Due to the municipality’s many rural areas, Larvik is known for its game hunting, and large forests are open for hunting. There are great stocks of moose; Larvik has among Norway’s highest number of moose.[94] Between 7-800 moose are annually felled in the county.[95] Other important species of game are Roe deer, Red deer, Mountain hare, European beaver, and Common wood pigeon.[96]

Beaches

Batteristranda in Larvik city centre.

List of publicly owned beaches in Larvik:[97]

Beach in the village of Ula.
  • Farris
  • Rekkeviksbukta
  • Batteritomta
  • Gonstranda (Østre Halsen)
  • Hvittensand (Østre Halsen)
  • Corntin (Stavern)
  • Blokkebukta (Naverfjord)
  • Anvikstranda (Naverfjord)
  • Stolpstadstranda (Naverfjord)
  • Lydhusstranda (Naverfjord)
  • Roppestad (Farris)
  • Skjærsjø (Kvelde)
  • Ula (Tjølling)
  • Kjerringvik (Tjølling)

Transportation

Larvik is served by Sandefjord Airport Torp, its nearest international airport.[98] European route E18 traverses the municipality and is one of Norway’s most important main highways.[99] Larvik Station is the city's main railway station, while daily ferries to Hirtshals, Denmark depart from the city harbor.[100] Neighboring city of Sandefjord has several ferry links with daily departures to Strömstad, Sweden.

Points of interest

Stavern is a summer resort community.[101][102]
Childhood home of Thor Heyerdahl.

Notable points of interest include:[103]

Notable residents

Thor Heyerdahl sailed 8,000 km across the Pacific Ocean during the Kon-Tiki expedition.

Honorary citizens

Ingvar Ambjørnsen, Antonio Bibalo, Thor Heyerdahl, Carl Nesjar and Arne Nordheim are honorary citizens of Larvik.[117]

Sports teams

Twin towns — sister cities

The following cities are twinned with Larvik:[118]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet. Retrieved 2015-12-01.
  2. ↑ Larsen, Erlend (2011). På Tur i Vestfold del 2. E-forlag. Page 238. ISBN 9788293057222.
  3. ↑ Evensberget, Snorre (2014). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Norway. Penguin. Page 129. ISBN 9781465432469.
  4. ↑ Larsen, Erlend (2016). Tre kommuner blir til én: Suksesskriteriene bak nye Sandefjord. E-forl. Page 128. ISBN 9788293057277.
  5. ↑ https://www.nrk.no/vestfold/fra-26-til-6-kommuner-1.13172639
  6. ↑ https://www.op.no/nyheter/larvik/lardal/sjekk-den-nye-filmen-fra-larvik-og-lardal/s/5-36-488485
  7. ↑ Lund, Arild and Charlotte Jørgensen (2001). Larvik. Capella Media. Page 30. ISBN 978-8299606912.
  8. ↑ Bertelsen, Hans Kristian (1998). Bli kjent med Vestfold / Become acquainted with Vestfold. Stavanger Offset AS. Page 65. ISBN 9788290636017.
  9. ↑ Evensberget, Snorre (2014). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Norway. Penguin. Page 129. ISBN 9781465432469.
  10. ↑ Ham, Anthony and Stuart Butler (2015). Lonely Planet Norway. Lonely Planet. Page 91. ISBN 978-1742202075.
  11. ↑ https://www.visitnorway.com/listings/farris-bad/186601/
  12. ↑ https://issuu.com/visitvestfold/docs/visit_larvik_2018-2019_web (Pages 17 and 56).
  13. ↑ Doreen, Taylor-Wilkie (2018). Insight Guides Norway. Insight. Page 304. ISBN 978-1780052106.
  14. ↑ https://www.visitvestfold.com/en/larvik/see-and-do/Attractions/?TLp=200315&Rock-carvings-and-standing-stones-at-Haugen-Farm
  15. ↑ Krohn-Holm, Jan W. (1971). Larvik: Grevens By. Leif Holktedahls Forlag. Page 8. https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/999849827902121
  16. ↑ Børresen, Svein E. (2004). Vestfoldboka: en reise i kultur og natur. Skagerrak forl. Page 38. ISBN 9788292284070.
  17. ↑ Krohn-Holm, Jan W. (1971). Larvik: Grevens By. Leif Holktedahls Forlag. Page 12. https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/999849827902121
  18. ↑ Doreen, Taylor-Wilkie (2018). Insight Guides Norway. Insight. Page 157. ISBN 978-1780052106.
  19. ↑ Skre, Dagfinn (2007). Kaupang in Skiringssal. Aarhus University Press. Page 13. ISBN 978-8779342590.
  20. ↑ Krohn-Holm, Jan W. (1971). Larvik: Grevens By. Leif Holktedahls Forlag. Pages 60-63. https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/999849827902121
  21. ↑ Evensberget, Snorre (2012). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Norway. Penguin. Page 125. ISBN 9780756693305.
  22. ↑ Tønnessen, Johan Nicolay and Arne Odd Johnsen (1982). The History of Modern Whaling. University of California Press. Page 84. ISBN 9780520039735.
  23. ↑ https://snl.no/Larvik
  24. ↑ "Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by immigration category, country background and percentages of the population". ssb.no. Retrieved 23 Sep 2017.
  25. ↑ https://www.ssb.no/kommunefakta/larvik
  26. ↑ https://snl.no/Larvik
  27. ↑ https://www.imdi.no/tall-og-statistikk/steder/K0709
  28. ↑ https://www.ssb.no/kommunefakta/larvik
  29. ↑ Lund, Arild and Charlotte Jørgensen (2001). Larvik. Capella Media. Page 32. ISBN 978-8299606912.
  30. ↑ Lund, Arild and Charlotte Jørgensen (2001). Larvik. Capella Media. Page 48. ISBN 978-8299606912.
  31. ↑ https://www.ssb.no/kommunefakta/larvik
  32. ↑ https://snl.no/Larvik
  33. ↑ Krohn-Holm, Jan W. (1971). Larvik: Grevens By. Leif Holktedahls Forlag. Page 64. https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/999849827902121
  34. ↑ Lund, Arild and Charlotte Jørgensen (2001). Larvik. Capella Media. Page 97. ISBN 978-8299606912.
  35. ↑ Krohn-Holm, Jan W. (1971). Larvik: Grevens By. Leif Holktedahls Forlag. Page 70. https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/999849827902121
  36. ↑ Lund, Arild and Charlotte Jørgensen (2001). Larvik. Capella Media. Page 64. ISBN 978-8299606912.
  37. ↑ http://www.visitstavern.no/index.cfm?id=189777
  38. ↑ Evensberget, Sverre (2016). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide Norway. Penguin. Page 129. ISBN 9781465458902.
  39. ↑ Nickel, Phyllis and Hans Jakob Valderhaug (2017). Norwegian Cruising Guide—Vol 2: Sweden, West Coast and Norway, Swedish Border to Bergen. Attainable Adventure Cruising Ltd. Page 98. ISBN 9780995893962.
  40. ↑ Evensberget, Snorre (2014). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Norway. Penguin. Page 129. ISBN 9781465432469.
  41. ↑ Engel, Lyle Kenyon (1963). Scandinavia: A Simon & Schuster Travel Guide. Cornerstone Library. Page 147.
  42. ↑ Lund, Arild and Charlotte Jørgensen (2001). Larvik. Capella Media. Page 14. ISBN 978-8299606912.
  43. ↑ Lund, Arild and Charlotte Jørgensen (2001). Larvik. Capella Media. Page 67. ISBN 978-8299606912.
  44. ↑ Ham, Anthony and Stuart Butler (2015). Lonely Planet Norway. Lonely Planet. Page 91. ISBN 978-1742202075.
  45. ↑ Evensberget, Snorre (2014). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Norway. Penguin. Page 129. ISBN 9781465432469
  46. ↑ Bertelsen, Hans Kristian (1998). Bli kjent med Vestfold / Become acquainted with Vestfold. Stavanger Offset AS. Page 65. ISBN 9788290636017.
  47. ↑ Ham, Anthony and Stuart Butler (2015). Lonely Planet Norway. Lonely Planet. Page 91. ISBN 978-1742202075.
  48. ↑ Krohn-Holm, Jan W. (1971). Larvik: Grevens By. Leif Holktedahls Forlag. Page 6. https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/999849827902121
  49. ↑ Larsen, Erlend (2011). På Tur i Vestfold del 2. E-forlag. Pages 179-182. ISBN 9788293057222.
  50. ↑ Lund, Arild and Charlotte Jørgensen (2001). Larvik. Capella Media. Page 32. ISBN 978-8299606912.
  51. ↑ Ferguson-Kosinski, Laverne (2015). Europe by Eurail 2016: Touring Europe by Train. Rowman & Littlefield. Page 386. ISBN 9781493012763.
  52. ↑ Lund, Arild and Charlotte Jørgensen (2001). Larvik. Capella Media. Page 32. ISBN 978-8299606912.
  53. ↑ Lund, Arild and Charlotte Jørgensen (2001). Larvik. Capella Media. Page 67. ISBN 978-8299606912.
  54. ↑ https://snl.no/Larvik
  55. ↑ Davidsen, Roger (2008). Et Sted i Sandefjord. Sandar Historielag. Page 139. ISBN 978-82-994567-5-3.
  56. ↑ Larsen, Erlend (2016). Tre kommuner blir til én. Erlend Larsen Forlag. Page 13. ISBN 9788293057277.
  57. ↑ https://snl.no/Sandefjord
  58. ↑ Jøranlid, Marianne (1996). 40 trivelige turer i Sandefjord og omegn. Vett Viten. Pages 114-117. ISBN 9788241202841.
  59. ↑ https://www.sb.no/nyheter/nyheter/her-er-sandefjords-ytterste-nogne-o/s/2-2.428-1.8615149
  60. ↑ Larvik Museum Society(Frommer's)
  61. ↑ Larvik Museum (visitnorway)
  62. ↑ Larvik Museum (Store norske leksikon)
  63. ↑ https://www.lonelyplanet.com/norway/larvik/attractions/verkensgarden/a/poi-sig/1419241/360251
  64. ↑ Treschow-Fritzøe AS (Store norske leksikon)
  65. ↑ Ferguson-Kosinski, Laverne (2015). Europe by Eurail 2016: Touring Europe by Train. Rowman & Littlefield. Page 386. ISBN 9781493012763.
  66. ↑ https://issuu.com/visitvestfold/docs/visit_larvik_2018-2019_web (Page 29).
  67. ↑ https://www.op.no/treschow/fritzoehus/s/1-85-7401473
  68. ↑ http://www.stavernguiden.no/fritz-ehus---norges-st-rste-privatbolig.html
  69. ↑ Herregården (Kulturnett.no) Archived 2011-06-29 at the Wayback Machine.
  70. ↑ Evensberget, Snorre (2014). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Norway. Penguin. Page 129. ISBN 9781465432469.
  71. ↑ https://issuu.com/visitvestfold/docs/visit_larvik_2018-2019_web (Page 23).
  72. ↑ https://www.visitvestfold.com/en/larvik/see-and-do/Attractions/?TLp=1178287&Herregarden-in-Larvik
  73. ↑ Krohn-Holm, Jan W. (1971). Larvik: Grevens By. Leif Holktedahls Forlag. Page 22. https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/999849827902121
  74. ↑ Larvik Sjøfartsmuseum (Store norske leksikon)
  75. ↑ Larvik Maritime Museum (Innovation Norway) Archived 2011-07-17 at the Wayback Machine.
  76. ↑ https://issuu.com/visitvestfold/docs/visit_larvik_2018-2019_web (Page 29).
  77. ↑ https://www.op.no/treschow/fritzoehus/s/1-85-7401473
  78. ↑ http://www.stavernguiden.no/fritz-ehus---norges-st-rste-privatbolig.html
  79. ↑ Mann i 70-årene omkom
  80. ↑ Krohn-Holm, Jan W. (1971). Larvik: Grevens By. Leif Holktedahls Forlag. Page 68. https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/999849827902121
  81. ↑ Ebbesen, Jorgen Tandberg (2018). The Sulphureous Bath at Sandefjord in Norway. Sagwan Press. Page 10. ISBN 9781297731068.
  82. ↑ https://snl.no/Larvik
  83. ↑ http://www.gonorway.no/norway/counties/vestfold/sandefjord/7635e3a768b71b0/index.html
  84. ↑ http://www.sandefjordby.no/goksjo/
  85. ↑ https://snl.no/Larvik
  86. ↑ Børresen, Svein E. (2004). Vestfoldboka: en reise i kultur og natur. Skagerrak forl. Page 96. ISBN 9788292284070.
  87. ↑ Lund, Arild and Charlotte Jørgensen (2001). Larvik. Capella Media. Page 23. ISBN 978-8299606912.
  88. ↑ Krohn-Holm, Jan W. (1971). Larvik: Grevens By. Leif Holktedahls Forlag. Page 58. https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/999849827902121
  89. ↑ https://www.lonelyplanet.com/norway/larvik/attractions/bokeskogen/a/poi-sig/1499575/360251
  90. ↑ https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/molen
  91. ↑ https://www.visitvestfold.com/en/larvik/see-and-do/Attractions/?TLp=1121470&Molen
  92. ↑ https://issuu.com/visitvestfold/docs/visit_larvik_2018-2019_web (Page 16).
  93. ↑ Lund, Arild and Charlotte Jørgensen (2001). Larvik. Capella Media. Page 99. ISBN 978-8299606912.
  94. ↑ https://snl.no/Larvik
  95. ↑ https://snl.no/Vestfold
  96. ↑ https://www.larvik.kommune.no/natur-og-miljoe/fiske-og-viltforvaltning/jakt/#index1
  97. ↑ https://issuu.com/visitvestfold/docs/visit_larvik_2018-2019_web (Page 15).
  98. ↑ Lund, Arild and Charlotte Jørgensen (2001). Larvik. Capella Media. Page 6. ISBN 978-8299606912.
  99. ↑ Tollnes, Ivar and Olaf Akselsen (1994). Sandefjord: Den lille storbyen. Sandefjords blad. Page 140. ISBN 9788299070447.
  100. ↑ Doreen, Taylor-Wilkie (2018). Insight Guides Norway. Insight. Page 304. ISBN 978-1780052106.
  101. ↑ Evensberget, Sverre (2016). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide Norway. Penguin. Page 129. ISBN 9781465458902.
  102. ↑ http://www.visitstavern.no/index.cfm?id=189777
  103. ↑ https://www.visitvestfold.com/en/larvik/see-and-do/attractions/
  104. ↑ Ham, Anthony and Stuart Butler (2015). Lonely Planet Norway. Lonely Planet. Page 91. ISBN 978-1742202075.
  105. ↑ Bertelsen, Hans Kristian (1998). Bli kjent med Vestfold / Become acquainted with Vestfold. Stavanger Offset AS. Page 63. ISBN 9788290636017.
  106. ↑ Evensberget, Snorre (2014). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Norway. Penguin. Page 129. ISBN 9781465432469.
  107. ↑ Doreen, Taylor-Wilkie (2018). Insight Guides Norway. Insight. Page 157. ISBN 978-1780052106.
  108. ↑ Lund, Arild and Charlotte Jørgensen (2001). Larvik. Capella Media. Page 99. ISBN 978-8299606912.
  109. ↑ http://www.stavernguiden.no/minnehallen.html
  110. ↑ https://issuu.com/visitvestfold/docs/visit_larvik_2018-2019_web (Page 29).
  111. ↑ Ham, Anthony and Stuart Butler (2015). Lonely Planet Norway. Lonely Planet. Page 91. ISBN 978-1742202075.
  112. ↑ Evensberget, Snorre (2014). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Norway. Penguin. Page 129. ISBN 9781465432469.
  113. ↑ https://www.visitvestfold.com/en/larvik/see-and-do/Attractions/?TLp=1121504&Larvik-church
  114. ↑ Børresen, Svein E. (2004). Vestfoldboka: en reise i kultur og natur. Skagerrak forl. Pages 50-51. ISBN 9788292284070.
  115. ↑ Davidsen, Roger (2008). Et Sted i Sandefjord. Sandar Historielag. Page 144. ISBN 9788299456753.
  116. ↑ Børresen, Svein E. (2004). Vestfoldboka: en reise i kultur og natur. Skagerrak forl. Page 28. ISBN 9788292284070.
  117. ↑ NORDHEIM, LASSE. "Tar gjerne turen til Larvik oftere". Østlands-Posten. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
  118. ↑ "Vennskapskommuner" (in Norwegian). Larvik kommune. Archived from the original on 2012-02-15. Retrieved 2009-01-14.
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