Demographics of French Guiana

Historical population estimates and average annual growth rate
YearPop.±% p.a.
179014,520—    
183920,940+0.75%
185725,561+1.11%
189133,500+0.80%
Source: INSEE estimates
Census population and average annual growth rate
YearPop.±% p.a.
193637,005—    
194625,499−3.66%
195427,863+1.11%
196133,505+2.67%
196744,392+4.80%
197455,125+3.14%
198273,022+3.58%
1990114,678+5.80%
1999156,790+3.54%
2009224,469+3.65%
Source:[1]

Population

Demographics of French Guiana.

According to INSEE the population of French Guiana was 239,450 of January 1, 2012.[2] The population is very young: 44% are below the age of 20, while only 1.7% are 75 years or older. The age distribution is a reflection of the high fertility rates of French Guiana.

Nationality

On January 1, 2010, 64.5% of the population had French nationality, while 35.5% had a foreign nationality.[3] Of these, Surinamese (13.8% of the total population), Haitians (8.8%) and Brazilians (8.7%) were the largest groups. Smaller groups included people with nationality of Guyana (1.7%), Colombia (1.0%), China (0.5%), the Dominican Republic (0.4%) and Peru (0.2%).

Vital statistics

The total fertility rate in French Guiana has remained high and is today considerably higher than in metropolitan France, and also higher than the average of the French overseas departments. It is largely responsible for the high population growth of French Guiana.[4][5]

Average population (x 1000) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate
1936 24 355554- 199 14.823.1-8.3
1937 24 408487- 79 17.020.3-3.3
1938 24 381649- 268 15.927.0-11.2
1939 24 333499- 166 13.920.8-6.9
1940 24 436505- 69 18.221.0-2.9
1941 24 437626- 189 18.226.1-7.9
1942 24 453733- 280 18.930.5-11.7
1943 24 422702- 280 17.629.3-11.7
1944 24 474627- 153 19.826.1-6.4
1945 24 62053981 25.822.53.4
1946 24 515596- 81 21.524.8-3.4
1947 24 539623- 84 22.526.0-3.5
1948 25 529547- 18 21.221.9-0.7
1949 25 607471136 24.318.85.4
1950 25 590384206 23.615.48.2
1951 26 558383175 21.514.76.7
1952 27 781462319 30.017.812.3
1953 27 720426294 26.715.810.9
1954 28 900378522 32.113.518.6
1955 29 941377564 32.613.019.5
1956 29 949411538 32.113.918.2
1957 30 993426567 33.014.218.8
1958 31 940404536 30.913.317.6
1959 31 1 043460583 34.115.019.1
1960 32 1 026451575 31.413.817.6
1961 34 1 066487579 31.814.517.3
1962 35 1 041410631 30.111.818.2
1963 36 1 118446672 31.112.418.7
1964 38 1 213399814 32.010.521.5
1965 39 1 161403758 29.010.119.0
1966 41 1 244401843 29.59.520.0
1967 43 1 281376905 29.28.620.6
1968 45 1 390408982 30.48.921.5
1969 47 1 424431993 30.09.120.9
1970 49 1 5843851 199 32.27.824.4
1971 50 1 6004001 200 31.47.823.5
1972 52 1 6703991 271 31.77.624.1
1973 54 1 4734181 055 27.17.719.4
1974 55 1 5294351 094 27.47.819.6
1975 57 1 4764081 068 25.67.118.5
1976 59 1 4394151 024 24.27.017.2
1977 61 1 4764631 013 24.07.516.4
1978 63 1 5684701 098 24.57.417.2
1979 65 1 7044541 250 25.76.918.9
1980 68 1 9334681 465 28.16.821.3
1981 71 2 0924281 664 29.36.023.3
1982 74 2 3794921 887 31.66.525.1
1983 78 2 3144891 825 28.96.122.8
1984 83 2 3194911 828 27.35.821.5
1985 87 2 4825011 981 27.65.622.0
1986 93 2 3924911 901 25.25.220.0
1987 99 2 7005502 150 27.25.621.7
1988 105 3 0005502 450 28.55.223.2
1989 111 3 3005502 750 29.64.924.7
1990 117 3 6065943 012 30.85.125.7
1991 122 3 9225833 339 32.24.827.4
1992 126 4 0455683 477 32.04.527.5
1993 131 4 1135783 535 31.54.427.1
1994 135 4 2356253 610 31.54.626.8
1995 139 4 2645483 716 30.73.926.7
1996 143 4 3675443 823 30.43.826.6
1997 148 4 4535683 885 30.13.826.2
1998 153 4 6966144 082 30.64.026.6
1999 159 4 9076484 259 30.94.126.8 3.87
2000 165 5 1496344 515 31.23.827.4 3.93
2001 172 5 1376784 459 29.93.925.9 3.79
2002 179 5 2766654 611 29.43.725.7 3.73
2003 187 5 5537214 832 29.73.925.8 3.77
2004 195 5 3127194 593 27.33.723.6 3.47
2005 202 5 9987055 293 29.73.526.2 3.79
2006 208 6 2767115 565 30.13.426.7 3.80
2007 216 6 3866905 696 29.83.226.6 3.73
2008 222 6 2477625 485 28.43.524.9 3.57
2009 227 6 1716995 472 27.43.124.3 3.49
2010 233 6 0837735 310 26.33.323.0 3.37
2011 239 6 2597145 545 26.43.023.4 3.42
2012 242 6 6097895 820 27.23.223.9 3.60
2013 248 6 4747675 707 26.13.123.0 3.47
2014 255 6 5917865 805 25.93.122.8 3.47
2015 260 6 8068345 972 26.23.223.0 3.54
2016 7 2709016 369 26.93.323.6 3.62

Structure of the population

[6] Structure of the population (01.01.2010) (Provisional estimates) :

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 113 824 116 617 230 441 100
0-4 14 591 13 849 28 440 12,34
5-9 14 090 13 618 27 708 12,02
10-14 12 843 12 024 24 867 10,79
15-19 10 729 10 672 21 401 9,29
20-24 7 728 8 478 16 206 7,03
25-29 7 281 9 109 16 390 7,11
30-34 7 692 8 676 16 368 7,10
35-39 7 877 8 865 16 742 7,27
40-44 7 415 7 650 15 065 6,54
45-49 6 698 6 582 13 280 5,76
50-54 5 397 5 148 10 545 4,58
55-59 4 207 4 107 8 314 3,61
60-64 2 931 2 684 5 615 2,44
65-69 1 740 1 693 3 433 1,49
70-74 1 083 1 260 2 343 1,02
75-79 752 974 1 726 0,75
80-84 433 619 1 052 0,46
85-89 225 402 627 0,27
90-94 77 144 221 0,10
95+ 35 63 98 0,04
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 41 524 39 491 81 015 35,16
15-64 67 955 71 971 139 926 60,72
65+ 4 345 5 155 9 500 4,12

Infant mortality rate

The infant mortality in French Guiana is higher than in metropolitan France:[7]

  • 2007-2009: 12.0
  • 2008-2010: 11.6
  • 2009-2011: 10.1

Life expectancy

At birth, life expectancy is 76.2 years for male children, and 82.8 for female (figures for 2011).[1]

Ethnic groups

Estimates of the percentages of French Guiana ethnic composition vary, a situation compounded by the large proportion of immigrants.

Creoles, or Mulattoes (people of mixed African and French ancestry), are the largest ethnic group, though estimates vary as to the exact percentage, depending upon whether the large Haitian community is included as well. Generally the Creole population is judged to be about 60 to 70% of the total population if Haitians (comprising roughly one-third of Creoles) are included, and 30 to 50% without.

Roughly 14% of the population is of European ancestry. The vast majority of these are of French heritage, though there are also people of Dutch, British, Spanish and Portuguese ancestry.

The main Asian communities are the Chinese (about 3-4%, primarily from Zhejiang province in mainland China and Hong Kong) and Hmong from Laos (1-2%). There are also smaller groups from various Caribbean islands, mainly Saint Lucia as well as Dominica. Other Asian groups include East Indians, Lebanese and Vietnamese.

The main groups living in the interior are the Maroons (formerly called "Bush Negroes") who are from African descent, and Amerindians. The Maroons, descendants of escaped African slaves, live primarily along the Maroni River. The main Maroon groups are the Saramaca, Aucan (both of whom also live in Suriname), and Boni (Aluku).

The main Amerindian groups (forming about 3%–4% of the population) are the Arawak, Carib, Emerillon (now called Teko), Galibi (now called the Kaliña), Palikur, Wayampi and Wayana. As of the late 1990s, there was evidence of an uncontacted group of Wayampi.

Languages

French and Guianese Creole French are the most widely spoken languages. There are also several native languages, including Arawak (Arawak and Palikur), Carib (Kalina and Wayana), and Tupi-Guarani (Teko and Wayampi).[8] Other languages spoken include Hakka Chinese and Javanese.[8] The official language, like for all overseas departments and territories of France, is French.

Religion

The dominant religion of French Guiana is Roman Catholicism; the Maroons and Amerindian people maintain their own religions. The Hmong people are also mainly Catholic owing to the influence of missionaries who helped bring them to French Guiana.[9]

References

  1. 1 2 "Résultats de la recherche - Insee". Insee.fr. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  2. ↑ "Résultats de la recherche - Insee". Insee.fr. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  3. ↑ "Résultats de la recherche". Insee.fr. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  4. ↑ "TABLEAU P3D – INDICATEURS GÉNÉRAUX DE LA POPULATION PAR DÉPARTEMENT ET RÉGION". Insee.fr (in French). Retrieved 2017-07-09.
  5. ↑ "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". Unstats.un.org. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  6. ↑ "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". Unstats.un.org. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  7. ↑ "Résultats de la recherche - Insee". Insee.fr. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  8. 1 2 "French Guiana". Ethnologue.com. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  9. ↑ Danny Palmerlee (2007). South America. Lonely Planet. ISBN 1-74104-443-X.
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