Demographics of Argentina

Demographics of Argentina
Population of Argentina, 1961–2010
Population 43,847,430[1]
Growth rate 1.036% (2010 est.)[2]
Birth rate 17.75 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
Death rate 7.39 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
Life expectancy 77.14 years
 • male 73.9 years
 • female 80.54 years (2012 est.)
Fertility rate 2.29 children born/woman (2012 est.)
Infant mortality rate 10.52 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years 25.2% (male 5,450,679/ female 5,200,704)
15–64 years 63.6% (male 13,400,997/ female 13,440,948)
65 and over 11.1% (male 1,940,810/ female 2,758,356) (2012 est.)
Sex ratio
Total 0.97 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
At birth 1.05 male(s)/female
Under 15 1.05 male(s)/female
15–64 years 1 male(s)/female
65 and over 0.7 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality Argentine
Language
Official Spanish language
Spoken English, Italian, German, Welsh, Yiddish, Portuguese, Guarani, Quechua, Mapudungun and many others are also spoken varying by region

This article is about the demographic features of Argentina, including population density, ethnicity, economic status and other aspects of the population.

In the 2001 census [INDEC], Argentina had a population of 36,260,130 inhabitants, and preliminary results from the 2010 census [INDEC] census were of 40,091,359 inhabitants.[3][4] Argentina ranks third in South America in total population and 33rd globally. Population density is of 15 persons per square kilometer of land area, well below the world average of 50 persons. The population growth rate in 2008 was estimated to be 0.92% annually, with a birth rate of 16.32 live births per 1,000 inhabitants and a mortality rate of 7.54 deaths per 1,000 inhabitants.

The proportion of people under 15, at 24.6%, is somewhat below the world average (28%), and the cohort of people 65 and older is relatively high, at 10.8%. The percentage of senior citizens in Argentina has long been second only to Uruguay in Latin America and well above the world average, which is currently 7%.

Argentina's population has long had one of Latin America's lowest birth rates and population growth rates (recently, about 1% a year), but it enjoys a comparatively low infant mortality rate. The median age is approximately 30 years and life expectancy at birth is of 76 years. According to an official cultural consumption survey conducted in 2006, 42.3% of Argentines speak English (though only 15.4% of those claimed to have a high level of English comprehension), 8.3% speak Portuguese[5] and 6.9% speak Italian.[6]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1650 298,000—    
1778 420,900+41.2%
1800 551,500+31.0%
1809 609,200+10.5%
1825 766,400+25.8%
1839 926,300+20.9%
1857 1,299,600+40.3%
1869 1,897,000+46.0%
1895 4,123,800+117.4%
1914 8,162,000+97.9%
1947 15,900,000+94.8%
1960 20,616,000+29.7%
1970 23,400,000+13.5%
1980 27,949,480+19.4%
1991 32,615,528+16.7%
2001 36,260,130+11.2%
2010 40,117,096+10.6%
2017 44,044,811+9.8%
Source: [7][8]

Cities

Argentina is highly urbanized,[2] with the ten largest metropolitan areas accounting for half of the population, and fewer than one in ten living in rural areas. About 3 million people live in Buenos Aires proper, and the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area totals around 13 million, making it one of the largest urban areas in the world.[9] The metropolitan areas of Córdoba and Rosario have around 1.3 million inhabitants each,[9] and six other cities (Mendoza, Tucumán, La Plata, Mar del Plata, Salta and Santa Fe)[9][10] have at least half a million people each.

The population is unequally distributed amongst the provinces, with about 60% living in the Pampa region (21% of the total area), including 15 million people in Buenos Aires Province, and 3 million each in Córdoba Province, Santa Fe Province and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Seven other provinces each have about one million people: Mendoza, Tucumán, Entre Ríos, Salta, Chaco, Corrientes and Misiones. Tucumán is the most densely populated (with 60 inhabitants/km², the only Argentine province more densely populated than the world average), while the southern province of Santa Cruz has less than 1 inhabitant/km².

In the mid-19th century, a large wave of immigration started to arrive to Argentina due to new Constitutional policies that encouraged immigration, and issues in the countries the immigrants came from such as wars, poverty, hunger, famines, pursuit of a better life, among other reasons. The main immigration sources were from Europe, the countries from the Near and Middle East, Russia and Japan. In fact, the immigration torrent was so strong that Argentina eventually received the second-largest number of immigrants in the world, second only to the US and ahead of such immigration receptor countries such as Canada, Brazil, Australia, etc.[11][12]

Most of these European immigrants settled in the cities which offered jobs, education and other opportunities enabling them to enter the middle class. Many also settled in the growing small towns along the expanding railway system and since the 1930s many rural workers have moved to the big cities.[13] Urban areas reflect the influence of European immigration, and most of the larger ones feature boulevards and diagonal avenues inspired by the redevelopment of Paris. Argentine cities were originally built in a colonial Spanish grid style, centered on a plaza overlooked by a cathedral and important government buildings. Many still retain this general layout, known as a damero, meaning checkerboard, since it is based on a pattern of square blocks. The city of La Plata, designed at the end of the 19th century by Pedro Benoit, combines the checkerboard layout with added diagonal avenues at fixed intervals, and was the first in South America with electric street illumination.[14]

Largest cities

 
Largest cities or towns in Argentina
(2015 INDEC metro area estimate)[15]
Rank Name Province Pop. Rank Name Province Pop.

Buenos Aires

Córdoba		 1Buenos Aires(Autonomous city)13,834,00011ResistenciaChaco409,000
Rosario

Mendoza
2CórdobaCórdoba1,519,00012Santiago del EsteroSantiago del Estero406,000
3RosarioSanta Fe1,429,00013CorrientesCorrientes383,000
4MendozaMendoza1,082,00014PosadasMisiones355,000
5TucumánTucumán868,00015San Salvador de JujuyJujuy338,000
6La PlataBuenos Aires836,00016NeuquénNeuquén309,000
7Mar del PlataBuenos Aires633,00017Bahía BlancaBuenos Aires307,000
8SaltaSalta625,00018ParanáEntre Ríos274,000
9Santa FeSanta Fe530,00019FormosaFormosa258,000
10San JuanSan Juan513,00020San LuisSan Luis218,000

Provinces and districts

Flag Province/District Capital Official Language Population (2010)[16]RankArea (km²)RankDensity (/km²)[16]Rank
Buenos Aires Buenos Aires City– 2,891,08242032414,241.81
Buenos Aires Province Buenos Aires Province La Plata 15,594,4281307,571150.73
Catamarca Province Catamarca Province San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca 367,82020102,602113.620
Chaco Province Chaco Province Resistencia 1,053,4661099,6331210.611
Chubut Province Chubut Province Rawson Spanish, Welsh 506,66818224,68632.322
Córdoba Province, Argentina Córdoba Province Córdoba 3,304,8252165,321520.06
Corrientes Province Corrientes Province Corrientes Spanish, Guaraní 993,3381188,1991611.310
Entre Ríos Province Entre Ríos Province Paraná 1,236,300778,7811715.77
Formosa Province Formosa Province Formosa 527,8951772,066197.314
Jujuy Province Jujuy Province San Salvador de Jujuy 672,2601453,2192012.68
La Pampa Province La Pampa Province Santa Rosa 316,94022143,44082.223
La Rioja Province, Argentina La Rioja Province La Rioja 331,8472189,680143.719
Mendoza Province Mendoza Province Mendoza 1,741,6105148,827711.79
Misiones Province Misiones Province Posadas 1,097,829929,8012136.84
Neuquén Province Neuquén Province Neuquén 550,3341694,078135.817
Río Negro Province Río Negro Province Viedma 633,37415203,01343.121
Salta Province Salta Province Salta 1,215,2078155,48867.812
San Juan Province, Argentina San Juan Province San Juan 680,4271389,651157.613
San Luis Province San Luis Province San Luis 431,5881976,748185.618
Santa Cruz Province, Argentina Santa Cruz Province Río Gallegos 272,52423243,94321.124
Santa Fe Province Santa Fe Province Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz 3,200,7363133,0071024.15
Santiago del Estero Province Santiago del Estero Province   Santiago del Estero 896,46112136,35196.615
Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina Tierra del Fuego Province Ushuaia 126,1902421,263a235.8a16
Tucumán Province Tucumán Province San Miguel de Tucumán   1,448,200622,5242264.32

a Not including claims to the Falkland Islands and the Argentine Antarctica.

Historical Total Fertility Rates and Crude Birth Rates

Sources: Pantelides and National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina[8]

Years186918951914194719601970198019912000-2015
Total Fertility Rates (children/woman)6.87.05.33.23.13.13.32.92.4
Crude Birth Rates49.144.536.526.323.623.224.819.5

Vital statistics

The table below gives an overview of the number of birth and deaths in Argentina during the past century. Several sources were combined to construct the table.[17][18][19] The number of births in 2010 (756,176) was the highest number ever recorded. The number of deaths in 2010 also was the highest ever record. However, as the population of Argentina showed a sixfold increase during the past century, the birth and death rates in 2010 (18.7 and 7.9, respectively) were rather low in a historical perspective.

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate
(per 1000)		 Crude death rate
(per 1000)		 Natural change
(per 1000)		 Total fertility rates[20]
1910 6 800 000 260 000129 000131 000 38.318.919.4
1911 7 070 000 268 000129 000139 000 37.918.219.7
1912 7 470 000 288 000127 000161 000 38.617.021.6
1913 7 840 000 298 000127 000171 000 38.016.221.8
1914 8 000 000 294 000123 000171 000 36.715.421.3
1915 8 150 000 288 000129 000159 000 35.315.819.5
1916 8 300 000 293 000142 000151 000 35.317.118.2
1917 8 450 000 284 000136 000148 000 33.616.117.5
1918 8 600 000 283 000157 000126 000 32.918.214.7
1919 8 750 000 286 000161 000125 000 32.718.414.3
1920 8 970 000 290 000139 000151 000 32.315.516.8
1921 9 220 000 302 000146 000156 000 32.815.817.0
1922 9 520 000 315 000133 000182 000 33.114.019.1
1923 9 890 000 336 000146 000190 000 34.014.819.2
1924 10 220 000 335 000146 000189 000 32.814.318.5
1925 10 500 000 334 000148 000186 000 31.814.117.7
1926 10 800 000 337 000147 000190 000 31.213.617.6
1927 11 130 000 342 000157 000185 000 30.714.116.6
1928 11 440 000 352 000151 000201 000 30.813.217.6
1929 11 750 000 355 000162 000193 000 30.213.816.4
1930 12 050 000 355 000153 000202 000 29.512.716.8
1931 12 290 000 350 000156 000194 000 28.512.715.8
1932 12 520 000 352 000139 000213 000 28.111.117.0
1933 12 730 000 332 000150 000182 000 26.111.814.3
1934 12 940 000 319 661143 065176 596 24.711.113.6
1935 13 150 000 322 002162 768159 234 24.512.412.1
1936 13 370 000 318 651150 092168 559 23.811.212.6
1937 13 610 000 319 024154 275164 749 23.411.312.1
1938 14 202 000 325 412161 555163 857 22.911.411.5
1939 14 397 000 329 393149 153180 240 22.910.412.5
1940 14 591 000 339 029151 856187 173 23.210.412.8
1941 14 796 000 340 339148 947191 392 23.010.112.9
1942 15 004 000 338 199150 030188 169 22.510.012.5
1943 15 216 000 358 977150 166208 811 23.69.913.7
1944 15 441 000 380 950154 093226 857 24.710.014.7
1945 15 674 000 388 191157 785230 406 24.810.114.7
1946 15 912 000 387 496149 895237 601 24.49.414.9
1947 16 109 000 398 468158 059240 409 24.79.715.0
1948 16 284 000 413 132152 648260 484 25.49.416.0
1949 16 671 000 419 656150 604269 052 25.29.016.1
1950 17 150 000 438 766154 540284 226 25.69.016.63.2
1951 17 506 000 444 326156 406287 920 25.49.016.5
1952 17 865 000 446 156153 887292 269 25.08.616.4
1953 18 224 000 459 734162 217297 517 25.38.916.4
1954 18 580 000 457 559156 347301 212 24.68.416.2
1955 18 931 000 461 293167 357293 936 24.48.815.5
1956 19 277 000 474 142161 321312 821 24.68.416.2
1957 19 618 000 478 368179 578298 790 24.49.215.2
1958 19 955 000 472 865166 235306 630 23.78.315.4
1959 20 291 000 476 211173 409302 802 23.58.514.9
1960 20 625 000 473 038179 266293 772 22.98.714.23,1
1961 20 961 000 476 259176 477299 782 22.78.414.3
1962 21 297 000 490 414184 013306 401 23.08.614.4
1963 21 633 000 491 109187 492303 617 22.78.714.0
1964 21 966 000 496 256193 141303 115 22.68.813.8
1965 22 297 000 481 814196 467285 347 21.68.812.8
1966 22 622 000 479 396194 450284 946 21.28.612.6
1967 22 945 000 480 317195 265285 052 20.98.512.4
1968 23 273 000 493 354213 313280 041 21.29.212.0
1969 23 617 000 580 699222 937357 762 24.69.415.2
1970 23 983 000 544 521222 113322 408 22.79.313.53.2
1971 24 376 000 564 787225 000339 787 23.29.214.0
1972 24 792 000 559 398228 000331 398 22.69.213.4
1973 25 222 000 561 500231 000330 500 22.39.213.1
1974 25 654 000 590 000234 000356 000 23.09.113.9
1975 26 079 000 620 000237 000383 000 23.89.114.73.4
1976 26 493 000 656 768240 764416 004 24.89.115.7
1977 26 899 000 661 222234 430426 792 24.68.715.9
1978 27 303 000 665 000233 482431 518 24.48.615.8
1979 27 712 000 647 864234 926412 938 23.48.514.9
1980 28 131 000 697 775241 125456 650 24.88.616.33.2
1981 28 562 000 680 292241 904438 388 23.88.515.4
1982 29 001 000 663 429234 926428 503 22.98.114.8
1983 29 448 000 655 876233 071422 805 22.37.914.4
1984 29 900 000 635 323255 591379 732 21.38.612.7
1985 30 354 000 650 783241 377409 406 21.58.013.53.0
1986 30 811 000 675 388241 004434 384 22.07.814.1
1987 31 270 000 668 136249 882418 254 21.48.013.4
1988 31 729 000 680 605254 953425 652 21.58.113.5
1989 32 187 000 667 058252 302414 756 20.87.912.9
1990 32 642 000 678 644259 683418 961 20.98.012.92.8
1991 33 094 000 694 776255 609439 167 21.07.713.3
1992 33 540 000 678 761262 287416 474 20.27.812.4
1993 33 982 000 667 518267 286400 232 19.67.911.8
1994 34 420 000 673 787257 431416 356 19.67.512.1
1995 34 855 000 658 735268 997389 738 18.97.711.2
1996 35 287 000 675 437268 715406 722 19.17.611.5
1997 35 715 000 692 357270 910421 447 19.47.611.8
1998 36 135 000 683 301280 180403 121 18.97.811.2
1999 36 541 000 686 748289 543397 205 18.87.910.9
2000 36 931 000 701 878277 148424 730 19.07.511.5
2001 37 302 000 683 495285 941397 554 18.37.710.7
2002 37 657 000 694 684291 190403 494 18.47.710.7
2003 38 001 000 697 952302 064395 888 18.47.910.4
2004 38 341 000 736 261294 051442 210 19.27.711.5
2005 38 681 000 721 220293 529427 691 18.67.611.1
2006 39 024 000 696 451292 313404 138 17.87.510.4
2007 39 368 000 700 792315 852384 940 17.88.09.8
2008 39 714 000 746 460301 801444 659 18.87.611.2
2009 40 062 000 745 336304 525440 811 18.67.611.02.380
2010 40 412 000 756 176318 602437 574 18.77.910.82.392
2011 40 900 000 758 042319 059438 983 18.57.810.72.379
2012[21] 41 282 000 738 318319 539418 779 17.97.710.22.27
2013 41 690 000 754 603326 197428 406 18.17.810.3
2014 42 669 000 777 012325 539451 437 18.27.610.6
2015 43 131 000 770 040333 407436 633 17.97.710.22.28
2016 43 590 000 728 035352 992375 043 16.78.28.5

Structure of the population

According to the 2017 revision of the World Population Prospects[1] the total population was 43,847,430 in 2016, compared to only 17,150,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 24.9%, 64.5% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 10.6% was 65 years or older .[22]

Argentine population structure in 2017, illustrated in a population pyramid
Total population Proportion
aged 0–14
(%)		 Proportion
aged 15–64
(%)		 Proportion
aged 65+
(%)
1950 17 150 00030.565.34.2
1955 18 929 00030.764.44.8
1960 20 619 00030.763.75.5
1965 22 283 00030.263.76.2
1970 23 973 00029.363.86.9
1975 26 067 00029.263.37.5
1980 28 106 00030.361.58.2
1985 30 389 00030.860.68.6
1990 32 730 00030.660.49.0
1995 34 995 00029.161.49.5
2000 37 057 00027.962.29.9
2005 39 145 00026.963.010.1
2010 41 223 00025.863.810.4
2015 43 417 00025.164.010.9

Structure of the population (01.07.2010 ) (Estimates- Data refer to projections based on 2001 Population Census):[23]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 19,846,671 20,672,280 40,518,951 100
0–4 1,740,485 1,679,188 3,419,673 8.44
5–9 1,689,364 1,632,628 3,321,992 8.20
10–14 1,735,344 1,679,302 3,414,646 8.43
15–19 1,751,386 1,698,173 3,449,559 8.51
20–24 1,697,550 1,652,173 3,349,723 8.27
25–29 1,618,705 1,591,188 3,209,903 7.92
30–34 1,628,149 1,620,658 3,248,807 8.02
35–39 1,353,587 1,358,431 2,712,018 6.69
40–44 1,179,076 1,194,181 2,373,257 5.86
45–49 1,093,940 1,131,951 2,225,891 5.49
50–54 991,757 1,076,899 2,068,656 5.11
55–59 906,470 996,927 1,903,397 4.70
60–64 760,092 867,044 1,627,136 4.02
65–69 602,756 726,318 1,329,074 3.28
70–74 456,960 614,371 1,071,331 2.64
75–79 331,313 513,715 845,028 2.09
80+ 309,737 639,123 948,860 2.34
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 5,165,193 4,991,118 10,156,311 25.07
15–64 12,980,712 13,187,635 26,168,347 64.58
65+ 1,700,766 2,493,527 4,194,293 10.35

Structure of the population (01.07.2013) (Estimates) :

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 20,409,830 21,250,587 41,660,417 100
0–4 1,749,655 1,687,476 3,437,131 8.25
5–9 1,715,945 1,657,086 3,373,031 8.10
10–14 1,700,757 1,645,030 3,345,787 8.03
15–19 1,744,462 1,690,668 3,435,130 8.25
20–24 1,730,871 1,683,204 3,414,075 8.20
25–29 1,656,747 1,621,991 3,278,738 7.87
30–34 1,622,019 1,607,268 3,229,287 7.75
35–39 1,524,110 1,527,463 3,051,573 7.32
40–44 1,261,322 1,275,243 2,536,565 6.09
45–49 1,124,926 1,154,104 2,279,030 5.47
50–54 1,032,385 1,099,746 2,132,131 5.12
55–59 929,866 1,033,655 1,963,521 4.71
60–64 811,871 927,818 1,739,689 4.18
65–69 646,847 782,142 1,428,989 3.43
70–74 484,152 642,176 1,126,328 2.70
75–79 340,769 524,101 864,870 2.08
80+ 333,126 691,416 1,024,542 2.46
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 5,166,357 4,989,592 10,155,949 24.38
15–64 13,438,579 13,621,160 27,059,739 64.95
65+ 1,804,894 2,639,835 4,444,729 10.67

UN estimates

The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates of vital statistics of Argentina. [22]

Period Live births
per year		 Deaths
per year		 Natural change
per year		 CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR* Life expectancy
total		 Life expectancy
males		 Life expectancy
females
1950–1955457,600163,800293,80025.49.116.33.156662.560.465.1
1955–1960479,800169,800310,00024.38.615.73.136064.562.167.4
1960–1965497,200188,800308,40023.28.814.43.096065.262.468.6
1965–1970521,400209,400312,00022.59.113.43.055765.762.769.3
1970–1975585,200224,400360,80023.49.014.43.154867.264.170.7
1975–1980694,800241,000453,80025.78.916.83.443968.665.472.2
1980–1985676,400247,800428,60023.18.514.73.153270.166.873.7
1985–1990701,000264,800436,20022.28.413.83.052771.067.574.6
1990–1995721,800274,800447,00021.38.113.22.902472.168.675.8
1995–2000711,200282,600428,60019.77.811.82.632273.269.676.9
2000–2005731,800296,200435,60019.27.811.42.521574.370.678.1
2005–2010741,400309,000432,40018.57.710.82.401375.371.679.1
2010–2015754,200321,400432,80017.87.610.22.351176.272.579.8
2015–2020749,600334,200415,40016.97.59.42.271077.173.680.6
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Other demographics statistics

Between the 18th and 19th centuries, Argentina received more than 6.6 million immigrants, second only to the United States, which helped the country's population double every 20 years.[24]

Most Argentines are descended from several European ethnic groups, with more than 55% having Italian origins. The second-most common ethnic origin is Spanish. About 17% have French origins, and about 8% are descended from German immigrants. Argentina today has a large Arab population, most of whom are from Syria and Lebanon.There are also about 180,000 Asian people, mostly of Chinese and Korean origins.[24]

The Argentine government estimates there are 750,000 residents without official documents, many of whom immigrated from Paraguay, Peru, and Bolivia.[24]

Argentina's population continues to grow but at a slower rate because of its steadily declining birth rate. Argentina's fertility decline began earlier than in the rest of Latin America, occurring most rapidly between the early 20th century and the 1950s and then becoming more gradual.[25]

Life expectancy has been improving, most notably among the young and the poor.[25]

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review.[24]

  • One birth every 42 seconds
  • One death every 2 minutes
  • One net migrant every 111 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 1 minutes

Demographic statistics according to the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[25]

Population
44,293,293 (July 2017 est.)
Ethnic groups

European (mostly Spanish and Italian descent) and mestizo (mixed European and Amerindian ancestry) 97.2%, Amerindian 2.4%, African 0.4% (2010 est.)

Age structure
0-14 years: 24.59% (male 5,612,766/female 5,278,857)
15-24 years: 15.28% (male 3,460,276/female 3,307,227)
25-54 years: 39.38% (male 8,707,818/female 8,733,370)
55-64 years: 9.13% (male 1,963,923/female 2,081,796)
65 years and over: 11.62% (male 2,159,811/female 2,987,449) (2017 est.)
Total fertility rate
2.26 children born/woman (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 93rd
Median age
total: 31.7 years Country comparison to the world: 105th
male: 30.5 years
female: 32.9 years (2017 est.)
Population growth rate
0.91% (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 121st
Birth rate
16.7 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 110th
Death rate
7.5 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Net migration rate
-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 102nd
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 77.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 74th
male: 74.2 years
female: 80.6 years (2017 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 9.8 deaths/1,000 live births Country comparison to the world: 139th
male: 10.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)
Languages

Spanish (official), Italian, English, German, French, indigenous (Mapudungun, Quechua)

Religions

Nominally Roman Catholic 92% (less than 20% practicing), Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other 4%

Population distribution
One-third of the population lives in Buenos Aires; pockets of agglomeration occur throughout the northern and central parts of the country; Patagonia to the south remains sparsely populated
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 56.5
youth dependency ratio: 39.4
elderly dependency ratio: 17.1
potential support ratio: 5.8 (2015 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 91.9% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: 1.07% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 17 years
male: 16 years
female: 18 years (2014)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
total: 18.3%. Country comparison to the world: 73rd
male: 15.6%
female: 22.8% (2014 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Ethnic groups

Ethnic groups in Argentina [26]

  European and mestizo (97.2%)
  Amerindian (2.4%)
  African (0.4%)

Indigenous peoples

Distribution of the Indigenous Peoples in Argentina

According to the data of INDEC's Complementary Survey of Indigenous Peoples (ECPI) 2004–2005, 600,000 officially recognized indigenous persons (about 1.4% of the total population) reside in Argentina. The most numerous of these communities are the Mapuches, who live mostly in the south, the Kollas and Wichís, from the northwest, and the Guaranis and Qom, who live mostly in the northeast.[27] In the census of 2010, 955,032 people self recognized as indigenous or descendants of indigenous peoples, thus representing 2.4% of the national population. This is without prejudice that more than half of the population has at least one indigenous ancestor, although in most cases family memory lost that origin.

Indigenous population of Argentina
Ethnic
group		 Survey 2004–2005
Number %
Aonikenk10,5901.8
Atacama3,0440.5
Avá-Guaraní21,8073.6
Aymara4,1040.7
Chané4,3760.7
Charrúa4,5110.7
Chorote2,6130.4
Chulupí5530.1
Comechingón10,8631.8
Diaguita/diaguita calchaquí31,7535.3
Guaraní22,0593.7
Het7360.1
Huarpe14,6332.4
Kolla70,50511.7
Lule8540.1
Mapuche113,68018.8
Mbyá8,2231.4
Mocoví15,8372.6
Omaguaca1,5530.3
Pilagá4,4650.7
Puelche1,5850.3
Qom69,45211.5
Quechua6,7391.1
Rankulche10,1491.7
Sanavirón5630.1
Selknam6960.1
Tapiete5240.1
Tonocoté4,7790.8
Wichí40,0366.6
Others3,8640.6
Not specified102,24716.0

Immigration to Argentina

European settlement

As with other areas of new settlement such as Canada, Australia, the United States, Brazil, New Zealand and Uruguay, Argentina is considered a country of immigrants.[28] When it is considered that Argentina was second only to the United States (27 million of immigrants) in the number of immigrants received, even ahead of such other areas of new settlement like Canada, Brazil and Australia;[11][12] and that the country was scarcely populated following its independence, the impact of the immigration to Argentina becomes evident.

In the last national census, based on self-identification, 952,032 Argentines (2.4% of the population) declared to be Amerindians[27] Most of the 6.2 million European immigrants arriving between 1850 and 1950, regardless of origin, settled in several regions of the country. Due to this large-scale European immigration, Argentina's population more than doubled.

Immigrant population in Argentina (1869–1991)

The majority of these European immigrants came from Italy, Spain, Germany, France, Switzerland, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, Poland, Albania, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, Russia, Ukraine, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Belgium, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Bulgaria, Armenia, Greece, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia and several other regions.

Italian population in Argentina arrived mainly from the northern Italian regions varying between Piedmont, Veneto and Lombardy, later from Campania and Calabria;[29] Many Argentines have the gentilic of an Italian city, place, street or occupation of the immigrant as last name, many of them were not necessarily born Italians, but once they did the roles of immigration in Italy the name usually changed. Spanish immigrants were mainly Galicians and Basques.[30][31] Thousands of immigrants also came from France (notably Béarn and the Northern Basque Country), Germany, though most to Mexico. Switzerland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Ireland, Greece, Portugal, Finland, Russia and the United Kingdom.[32] The Welsh settlement in Patagonia, known as Y Wladfa, began in 1865; mainly along the coast of Chubut Province. In addition to the main colony in Chubut, a smaller colony was set up in Santa Fe and another group settled at Coronel Suárez, southern Buenos Aires Province.[33] Of the 50,000 Patagonians of Welsh descent, about 5,000 are Welsh speakers.[34] The community is centered on the cities of Gaiman, Trelew and Trevelin.[35]

Recent immigrants

Foreign born residents in Argentina by country of birth.[36]

According to the INDEC 1,531,940 of the Argentine resident population in 2001 were born outside Argentina, representing 4.22% of the total Argentine resident population.[37][38] In 2010, 1,805,957 of the Argentine resident population were born outside Argentina, representing 4.50% of the total Argentine resident population.[37][38][39][40]

Illegal immigration has been a recent factor in Argentine demographics. Most illegal immigrants come from Bolivia and Paraguay, countries which border Argentina to the north. Smaller numbers arrive from Peru and Ecuador. The Argentine government estimates that 750,000 inhabitants lack official documents and has launched a program called Patria Grande ("Greater Homeland")[41] to encourage illegal immigrants to regularize their status; so far over 670,000 applications have been processed under the program.[42]

Rank (2010)Country of birthcensus 2010census 2001census 1990
1 Paraguay550,713325,046254,115
2 Bolivia345,272233,464145,670
3 Chile191,147212,429247,987
4 Colombia177,00050,25015,939
4 Peru157,51488,26015,939
5 Italy147,499216,718356,923
6 Uruguay116,592117,564135,406
7 Spain94,030134,417244,212
8 Brazil41,33034,71233,966
9 China8,9294,1842,297
10 Germany8,41610,36215,451
11 South Korea7,3218,2908,371
12 France6,9956,5786,309
13 Japan4,0364,7535,674
14 Chinese Taipei2,8753,5111,870
15 Syria1,3372,350N/D
16 Lebanon9331,6193,171
Other countries121,018127,683150,849
TOTAL1,805,9571,531,9401,628,210

Languages

The official language of Argentina is Spanish, and it is spoken by practically the entire population in several different accents. The most common variation of Spanish in Argentina is the River Plate Spanish (Spanish: Castellano Rioplatense), and it is so named because it evolved in the central areas around the Río de la Plata basin. Its distinctive feature is widespread voseo, the use of the pronoun vos instead of tú for the second person singular.

Non-indigenous minority languages

Many Argentines also speak other European languages (Italian, Portuguese, French, Welsh, German, Swedish and Croatian, as examples) due to the vast number of immigrants from Europe that came to Argentina.[2]

English language is a required subject in many schools, and there are also many private English-teaching academies and institutions. Young people have become accustomed to English through movies and the Internet, and knowledge of the language is also required in most jobs, so most middle-class children and teenagers now speak, read and/or understand it with various degrees of proficiency. According to an official cultural consumption survey conducted in 2006, 42.3% of Argentines claim to speak some English (though only 15.4% of those claimed to have a high level of English comprehension).[5]

Standard German is spoken by around 500,000[43][44] Argentines of German ancestry, though the number may be as high as 3,800,000 according to some sources.[45] German is the third or fourth most spoken language in Argentina.

There are sources of around one million Levantine Arabic speakers in Argentina,[43] as a result of immigration from the Middle East, mostly from Syria and Lebanon. More than 30000 Argentinian citizens speak Albanian, due to the great Albanian community living in the country since decades.

There is a prosperous community of Argentine Welsh-speakers of approximately 25,000[46] in the province of Chubut, in the Patagonia region, who descend from 19th century immigrants.

Religion

Religion in Argentina (2014) [26]

  Roman Catholicism (92%)
  Protestant (2%)
  Jewish (2%)
  Other (4%)
The 17th century Cathedral of Córdoba

The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion, but until 1994 the President and Vice President had to be Catholic. The society, culture, and politics of Argentina are deeply imbued with Roman Catholicism.

Estimates for the number of Roman Catholics vary from 70% of the population,[47] to as much as 90%.[48] The CIA Factbook lists 92% of the country is Catholic, but only 20% are practicing regularly or weekly at a church service.[2] The Jewish population is about 300,000 (around 0.75% of the population), the community numbered about 400,000 after World War II, but the appeal of Israel and economic and cultural pressures at home led many to leave; recent instability in Israel has resulted in a modest reversal of the trend since 2003.[48][49] Muslim Argentines number about 500,000–600,000, or approximately 1.5% of the population; 93% of them are Sunni.[48] Buenos Aires is home to one of the largest mosques in Latin America. A recent study found that approximately 11% of Argentines are non-religious, including those who believe in God, though not religion, agnostics (4%) and atheists (5%). Overall, 24% attended religious services regularly. Protestants were the only group in which a majority regularly attended services.[50]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision". ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Argentina". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
  3. ↑ "Proyecciones provinciales de población por sexo y grupos de edad 2001–2015" (PDF). Gustavo Pérez (in Spanish). INDEC. p. 16. Archived from the original (pdf) on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
  4. ↑ Censo 2010: Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas (in Spanish)
  5. 1 2 Página/12, 27 December 2006. Los idiomas de los argentinos
  6. ↑ "Argentina". Ethnologue.com. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  7. ↑ "Portal población". INDEC. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  8. 1 2 Ramiro A. Flores Cruz, El crecimiento de la población argentina (PDF), pp. 2, 10
  9. 1 2 3 "Major Cities". Government of Argentina. Archived from the original on 19 September 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
  10. ↑ "Ubicacion" (in Spanish). Directorate-General of Tourism, Municipality of the City of Salta. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
  11. 1 2 "Wayback Machine" (PDF). 10 June 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 June 2007. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  12. 1 2 Sánchez-Alonso, Blanca. "European Immigration into Latin America, 1870–1930" (PDF). Madrid: Universidad San Pablo-CEU. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 August 2011.
  13. ↑ Rock, David. Argentina, 1516–1982. University of California Press, 1987.
  14. ↑ "EDELAP – 120 años de alumbrado público". Edelap.com.ar. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
  15. ↑ "Encuesta Permanente de Hogares" (PDF). Indec. 23 August 2015. p. 3.
  16. 1 2 "Censo 2010 Argentina resultados definitivos: mapas". 200.51.91.231. Archived from the original on 1 September 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
  17. ↑ B.R. Mitchell. International historical statistics: the Americas, 1750–2000.
  18. ↑ "Demographic Yearbook System". Unstats.un.org. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  19. ↑ "Serie 5 – Estadísticas Vitales". Retrieved 2018-10-08. Dirección de Estadística e Información de Salud
  20. ↑ "Fecundidad", European Border Surveillance System
  21. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  22. 1 2 "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org.
  23. ↑ "Demographic Yearbook System". Unstats.un.org. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  24. 1 2 3 4 "Argentina Population 2018", World Population Review
  25. 1 2 3 "World Factbook SOUTH AMERICA : Argentina", The World Factbook, July 12, 2018
  26. 1 2 "SOUTH AMERICA :: ARGENTINA". CIA The World Factbook.
  27. 1 2 "Encuesta Complementaria de Pueblos Indígenas 2004–2005" (in Spanish). National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina.
  28. ↑ "About Argentina". Government of Argentina. Archived from the original on 19 September 2009. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
  29. ↑ "Federaciones Regionales". Feditalia.org.ar. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
  30. ↑ "Historical references". Cdtradition.net. Archived from the original on 8 January 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
  31. ↑ "Monografías". Monografias.com. 7 May 2007. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
  32. ↑ Chavez, Lydia (23 June 1985). "New York Times: A bit of Britain in Argentina". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
  33. ↑ Birt, Paul W. (2005). "Welsh (in Argentina)". In Diarmuid Ó Néill (ed.). Rebuilding the Celtic Languages. Talybont: Y Lolfa. p. 146. ISBN 0-86243-723-7.
  34. ↑ "Wales and Argentina". Wales.com website. Welsh Assembly Government. 2008. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2010.
  35. ↑ Berresford Ellis, Peter (1983). The Celtic revolution: a study in anti-imperialism. Talybont: Y Lolfa. pp. 175–178. ISBN 0-86243-096-8.
  36. ↑ Población extranjera empadronada en el país por lugar de nacimiento Archived 13 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine. INDEC
  37. 1 2 Tendencias recientes de la inmigración internacional INDEC
  38. 1 2 Investigación de la Migración Internacional en Latinoamérica (IMILA) Archived 14 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Centro Latinoamericano y Caribeño de Demografía (CELADE). Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
  39. ↑ Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2001 INDEC.
  40. ↑ "Cuadro P6. Total del país. Población total nacida en el extranjero por lugar de nacimiento, según sexo y grupos de edad. Año 2010" (Press release). INDEC. Archived from the original on 2 September 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  41. ↑ "Patria Grande". Patriagrande.gov.ar. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
  42. ↑ "Alientan la mudanza de extranjeros hacia el interior – Sociedad –". Perfil.com. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
  43. 1 2 Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version: Languages of Argentina, Retrieved on 2007-01-02.
  44. ↑ WorldLanguage website. Retrieved on 2007-01-29
  45. ↑ "Rápida recuperación económica tras la grave crisis". Swissinfo.org. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  46. ↑ Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (2005). "Language of Argentina". Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. SIL International. Retrieved 2008-08-21. Welsh (25,000)
  47. ↑ Marita Carballo. Valores good food here al cambio del milenio ISBN 950-794-064-2. Cited in La Nación, 8 May 2005
  48. 1 2 3 "Argentina". International Religious Freedom Report. U.S. Department of State. 2006. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
  49. ↑ "Clarín". Clarin.com. 22 December 2003. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
  50. ↑ "Encuesta CONICET sobre creencias" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-04-25.

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