Kurds in Russia

Russian Kurds
Total population
63,818 (2010)[1]
Regions with significant populations
Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Kursk[2]
10,000 in Moscow (1995)[3]
Languages
Kurmanji, Russian, Armenian, Azeri, Georgian[4]
Religion
Irreligion,[5] Islam[6]
Related ethnic groups
Iranian people

Kurds in Russia form a historically significant part of the Kurdish diaspora, with close ties to the Kurdish communities in the Caucasus and Central Asia. The 2010 Russian census registered a total of 63,818 ethnic Kurds living in Russia.[7]

History

During the early 19th century, the main goal of the Russian Empire was to ensure the neutrality of the Kurds in the wars against Persia and the Ottoman Empire.[8] In the beginning of the 19th century, Kurds settled in Transcaucasia, at a time when Transcaucasia was incorporated into the Russian Empire. In the 20th century, Kurds were persecuted and exterminated by the Turks and Persians, a situation that led Kurds to move to Russian Transcaucasia.[4] From 1804–1813 and again in 1826–1828, when the Russian Empire and the Persian Empire were at war, the Russian authorities let Kurds settle in Russia and Armenia.[4] During the Crimean War and the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), Kurds moved to Russia and Armenia.[4] According to the Russian Census of 1897, 99,900 Kurds lived in the Russian Empire.[9]

Abdullah Öcalan sought asylum in Russia in 1998.[2]

Kurdish population in Russia

Statistics
1897[10]
99,949In the whole Russian Empire
99,836Russian Transcaucasia
112Russian Turkestan or Central Asia
1European Russia
0Siberia
0Vistula Land
1926[11]
54,661Soviet Union
52,173Transcaucasian SFSR
2,308Turkmen SSR
178Russian SFSR
1Ukrainian SSR
1Uzbek SSR
0Belarusian SSR
1939[12]
45,877Soviet Union
20,481Armenian SSR
12,915Georgian SSR
6,005Azerbaijan SSR
2,387Kazakh SSR
1,954Turkmen SSR
1,490Kyrgyz SSR
387Russian SFSR
156Uzbek SSR
90Ukrainian SSR
7Tajikistan SSR
5Belarusian SSR
1959[13]
58,799Soviet Union
25,627Armenian SSR
16,212Georgian SSR
6,109Kazakh SSR
4,783Kyrgyz SSR
2,263Turkmenistan SSR
1,487Azerbaijan SSR
1,354Uzbekistan SSR
855Russian SSR
65Ukrainian SSR
15Tajikistan SSR
10Belarusian SSR
9Moldovan SSR
4Lithuanian SSR
3Estonian SSR
3Latvian SSR
1979[14]
115,858Soviet Union
50,822Armenian SSR
25,688Georgian SSR
17,692Kazakh SSR
9,544Kyrgyz SSR
5,676Azerbaijan SSR
3,521Turkmenistan SSR
1.631Russian SSR
982Uzbekistan SSR
122Ukrainian SSR
117Belarusian SSR
27Tajikistan SSR
15Moldovan SSR
10Latvian SSR
9Lithuanian SSR
2Estonian SSR
1989[15]
152,717Soviet Union
56,127Armenian SSR
33,331Georgian SSR
25,425Kazakh SSR
14,262Kyrgyz SSR
12,226Azerbaijan SSR
4,724Russian SSR
4,387Turkmenistan SSR
1,839Uzbekistan SSR
238Ukrainian SSR
66Belarusian SSR
56Tajikistan SSR
13Estonian SSR
11Latvian SSR
9Moldovan SSR
3Lithuanian SSR
YearPopulationNote
200250.880[16]In the Russian Federation
201063.818[1]In the Russian Federation
Federal subjects Kurds (2002 census)[17]
 Krasnodar Krai9.463
 Adygea3.687
 Stavropol Krai3.676
 Saratov Oblast3.210
 Nizhny Novgorod Oblast3.158
 Yaroslavl Oblast2.754
 Moscow2.338
 Rostov Oblast2.193
 Novosibirsk Oblast2.099
 Tambov Oblast1.712
 Volgograd Oblast1.544
 Sverdlovsk Oblast1.152
 Oryol Oblast953
 Moscow Oblast788
 Tula Oblast786
 Kursk Oblast761
 Bashkortostan755
 Lipetsk Oblast717
 Samara Oblast700
 Voronezh Oblast645
 Kaliningrad Oblast549
 Tyumen Oblast414
 Saint Petersburg384
 Chelyabinsk Oblast362
 Belgorod Oblast342
 Irkutsk Oblast325
 Kabardino-Balkaria306
 Tver Oblast290
 Kurgan Oblast271
 Krasnoyarsk Krai268
 Omsk Oblast257
 Ivanovo Oblast239
 Kostroma Oblast207
 Ulyanovsk Oblast206
 Kalmykia202
 Vladimir Oblast195
 Primorsky Krai188
 Orenburg Oblast185
 Ryazan Oblast167
 Kemerovo Oblast162
 Bryansk Oblast139
 Penza Oblast139
 Tomsk Oblast139
 Kaluga Oblast138
 Astrakhan Oblast120
 Tatarstan104
 North Ossetia-Alania103
 Karachay-Cherkessia98
 Leningrad Oblast97
 Udmurtia86
 Mordovia76
 Smolensk Oblast71
 Kirov Oblast70
 Perm Krai61
 Vologda Oblast56
 Dagestan54
 Chuvashia53
 Sakha Republic53
 Altai Krai51
 Murmansk Oblast47
 Novgorod Oblast44
 Kamchatka Krai40
 Amur Oblast38
 Arkhangelsk Oblast35
 Pskov Oblast24
 Buryatia23
 Komi18
 Khakassia16
 Chechnya12
 Karelia11
 Ingushetia9
 Jewish Autonomous Oblast9
 Khabarovsk Krai9
 Sakhalin Oblast8
 Chita Oblast6
 Tuva3
 Mari El2
 Altai Republic1
 Magadan Oblast1

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 г. Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации". Demoscope. Demoscope. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  2. 1 2 "Relations With Russia Deteriorate As Kurds Protest". The Russia Journal. The Russia Journal. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  3. ↑ "The Kurds remain caught in the "Transcaucasian Triangle"". jamestown.org. 19 May 1995. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "The Kurds of Caucasia and Central Asia have been cut off for a considerable period of time and their development in Russia and then in the Soviet Union has been somewhat different. In this light the Soviet Kurds may be considered to be an ethnic group in their own right." The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire "Kurds". Institute of Estonia (EKI). Institute of Estonia (EKI). Retrieved 22 June 2012.
  5. ↑ "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 г. Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации". Archived from the original on 2012-05-30.
  6. ↑ "Kurdistan: between U.S. and Iraq". Georgiatimes. Georgiatimes. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
  7. ↑ Том 4 - "Национальный состав и владение языками, гражданство".. perepis2002.ru (in Russian). perepis2002.ru. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  8. ↑ РОССИЯ И ПРОБЛЕМА КУРДОВ. rau.su (in Russian). rau.su. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  9. ↑ "Chapter 10: The Kurds in the Soviet Union". Ismet Chériff Vanly. scribd. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  10. ↑ "Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку, губерниям и областям". Demoscope. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
  11. ↑ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1926 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР (in Russian). Retrieved 6 July 2012.
  12. ↑ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1939 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР". Demoscope.ru. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  13. ↑ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1959 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР". Demoscope.ru. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  14. ↑ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1970 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР". Demoscope.ru. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  15. ↑ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР". Demoscope.ru. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  16. ↑ "4. National composition of population and citizenship: 4.3. Population by nationalities and knowledge of Russian". Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  17. ↑ "National Composition of Population for Regions of the Russian Federation" (in Russian). perepis2002.ru. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
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