Jewish population by country

Jewish population by country (2010)

The world's core Jewish population was estimated at 14,511,000 in April 2018,[1] up from 14.41 million in 2016.[2][3][4] Demographer Sergio DellaPergola proposes an "extended" Jewish population, including people identifying as partly Jewish and non-Jews with Jewish parents, numbering 17.3 million globally, and an "enlarged" Jewish population figure that also includes non-Jewish members of Jewish households totaling 20.2 million. Additionally, the total number of people who hold or are eligible for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return — defined as anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent, and who does not profess any other religion — is estimated at around 23 million, of which 6.6 million were living in Israel as of 2015. Figures for these expanded categories are less precise than for the core Jewish population.[4]

While dozens of countries host at least a small Jewish population, the community is concentrated in a handful: Israel and the United States account for 83% of the Jewish population, while a total of 98 countries host the other 17%.[4]

With just over 6.5 million Jews, Israel is the only Jewish majority and explicitly Jewish state. Jewish population figures for the United States are contested, ranging between 5.7 and 6.8 million.[5] (The core global total of Jews jumps above 15 million if the highest American estimates are assumed). Other countries with a significant Jewish population are, like Israel and the United States, typically well-developed Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development members with Jews concentrated in major urban centers.[4]

In 1939, the core Jewish population reached its historical peak of 17 million. Due to the Holocaust, the number was reduced to 11 million in 1945.[6][7][8] The population grew to around 13 million by the 1970s, and then recorded near-zero growth until around 2005 due to low fertility rates and to assimilation.[7] Since 2005, the world's Jewish population grew modestly at an annual rate of around 0.78% (to 2013). This increase primarily reflected the rapid growth of Haredi and some Orthodox sectors, who are becoming a growing proportion of Jews.[9]

Recent Jewish population dynamics are characterized by continued steady increase in the Israeli Jewish population and flat or declining numbers in other countries (the diaspora). The Jewish population of Israel increased from the country's inception in 1948 to 6,135,000 in 2014[10] while the population of the diaspora has dropped from 10.5 to 8.1 million over the same period.[4] Current Israeli Jewish demographics are characterized by a relatively high fertility rate of 3 children per woman and a stable age distribution.[11] The overall growth rate of Jews in Israel is 1.7% annually.[12] The diaspora countries, by contrast, have low Jewish birth rates, an increasingly elderly age composition, and a negative balance of people leaving Judaism versus those joining.[4]

Immigration trends also favor Israel ahead of diaspora countries. The Jewish state has a positive immigration balance (called aliyah in Hebrew). Israel saw its Jewish numbers significantly buoyed by a million-strong wave of Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union in the 1990s[13] and immigration growth has been steady in the low tens of thousands since then.[14] In the rest of the world, only the United States, Canada, Australia, and Germany have had a positive recent Jewish migration balance outside of Israel. In general, the English-speaking world has seen its share of the diaspora increase since the Holocaust and the foundation of Israel, while historic Jewish populations in Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East have significantly declined or disappeared.[15]

France continues to be home to the world's third largest Jewish community, around 500,000,[16][17] but has shown an increasingly negative trend. Emigration loss to Israel amongst French Jews reached the tens of thousands between 2014 and 2017 following a wave of antisemitic attacks.[18][19]

Debate over United States numbers

The number of Jews in the United States has been the subject of much debate because of questions over counting methodology. In 2012, Sheskin and Dashefsky put forward a figure of 6.72 million based on a mixture of local surveys, informed local estimates, and US census data. They qualified their estimate with a concern over double counting and suggested the real figure may lie between 6 and 6.4 million.[20] Drawing on their work, the Steinhardt Social Research Institute released their own estimate of 6.8 million Jews in the United States in 2013.[21] These figures are in contrast to Israeli demographer Sergio DellaPergola's number of 5,425,000, also in 2012.[5] He has called high estimates “implausible” and “unreliable” although he revised the United States Jewish number upward to 5.7 million in subsequent years.[2][5] This controversy followed a similar debate in 2001 when the National Jewish Population Survey released a United States Jewish estimate as low as 5.2 million only to have serious methodological errors suggested in their survey.[5] In sum, a confidence interval of a million or more people is likely to persist in reporting on the number of Jewish Americans.

Countries and territories

Below is a list of Jewish populations in the world by country or territory. Unless otherwise indicated, core and enlarged population numbers are taken from DellaPergola's chapter "World Jewish Population" of the American Jewish Year Book of 2014.[3] Where other credible sources present competing numbers, they are presented with a range and citation. DellaPergola's population figures are primarily based on national censuses combined with trend analysis. He has described the "core Jewish population" in the diaspora as "all persons who, when asked in a socio-demographic survey, identify themselves as Jews; or who are identified as Jews by a respondent in the same household, and do not have another monotheistic religion."[3] DellaPergola defined the "enlarged Jewish population" by adding those "persons who state they are partly Jewish", "non-Jews who have Jewish parents", and "non-Jewish members of Jewish households" to the "core Jewish population."[3]

The American Jewish Year Book numbers are reproduced with explanatory notes by country in the online Jewish Virtual Library.[22] The library is a comprehensive non-governmental website covering topics about U.S.-Israel relations and the Jewish people. A number of tiny countries whose Jewish populations are not listed in DellaPergola are provided here from the Virtual Library. For European countries, further information is provided by the Institute for Jewish Policy Research, including an interactive map of core and enlarged Jewish population that generally corresponds to DellaPergola's figures.[23]

Country populations used to deduce the "Population per Jewish Person" column in the table are taken from the CIA World Factbook, with most estimates current as of July 2014.[24]

Table

Country or TerritoryCore Jewish PopulationPopulation per Jewish PersonEnlarged Jewish Population
World14,511,000[1]50520,000,000
Israel Israel[lower-alpha 1]6,589,000[1]1.336,956,000
United States United States5,700,000[25] 53 7,282,000
France France465,000139600,000
Canada Canada385,00090550,000
United Kingdom United Kingdom269,568220370,000
Russia Russia186,000766500,000
Argentina Argentina181,300 - 230,000[26]238330,000
Germany Germany99,695832250,000
Australia Australia112,500213135,000
Brazil Brazil95,000 [27]2,133150,000
South Africa South Africa70,00069180,000 - 92,000[28]
Ukraine Ukraine63,000703400,000
Hungary Hungary47,900207150,000
Mexico Mexico40,000 - 67,476[29]3,00750,000 - 67,476
Spain Spain30,00090050,000[30][31][32]
Belgium Belgium30,00034840,000
Netherlands Netherlands29,90056345,000
Italy Italy28,0002,17145,000[33][34] [35]
Poland Poland[lower-alpha 2]8,000[39][40]4,75012,000 - 100,000[38]
Switzerland Switzerland19,00042425,000
Chile Chile18,50093925,000
Turkey Turkey17,2004,80121,000
Sweden Sweden15,00064820,000
Uruguay Uruguay12,000[41] - 17,20027825,000
Belarus Belarus11,50083525,000
Panama Panama10,00036111,000
Romania Romania9,4002,31220,000
Austria Austria9,00091420,000
Iran Iran8,756[42]9,18612,000
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan9,100[43]1,11316,000
Venezuela Venezuela8,0003,60812,000
New Zealand New Zealand6,867[44]65510,000[45]
Denmark Denmark6,4008708,500
Morocco Morocco6,000[46] 13,7456,500
Latvia Latvia5,60038712,000
Hong Kong Hong Kong5,000[47]1,4225,000
India India5,000247,2697,000
Greece Greece4,5002,3986,000
Colombia Colombia4,50010,2775,200
Czech Republic Czech Republic3,9002,72515,000
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan3,8007,6138,000
Moldova Moldova3,7009687,500
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan3,1005,7906,500
Lithuania Lithuania2,9001,2096,500
Georgia (country) Georgia2,8001,7636,000
Slovakia Slovakia2,6002,0934,500
Singapore Singapore2,500[48]18,557500
Costa Rica Costa Rica2,5001,9023,000
China China2,500542,2773,000
Bulgaria Bulgaria2,0003,4626,000
Estonia Estonia2,0006293,400
Peru Peru1,90015,8673,000
Croatia Croatia1,7002,6293,000
Republic of Ireland Ireland2,000[49]3,0202,400
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico1,5002,4312,500
Uganda Uganda1,500 [50]23,0892,500
Japan Japan300[51]422,240no data
Serbia Serbia1,4005,1492,800
Finland Finland1,3004,0521,800
Norway Norway770[52]6,8281,400[53]
Paraguay Paraguay9007,4481,500
Guatemala Guatemala90016,2741,500
Tunisia Tunisia90012,1531,100
Ecuador Ecuador29026,090300
Luxembourg Luxembourg600867900
Portugal Portugal60018,0221,000
Gibraltar Gibraltar60048800
Cuba Cuba50022,0941,500
United States Virgin Islands United States Virgin Islands500208700
Bolivia Bolivia50021,262900
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina5007,7421,000
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan50011,2081,000
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe40034,430600
Armenia Armenia300 - 500[54]10,200300 - 500
The Bahamas Bahamas3001,070400
Vietnam Vietnam300[55]311,403300
Kenya Kenya300150,033700
Pakistan Pakistan200[56] - 1500[57]980,8701,500
Lebanon Lebanon200[58][59]29,415200
Jamaica Jamaica20014,650400
Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antilles2001,525400
Suriname Suriname2002,865400
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan20025,860400
Thailand Thailand200338,705300
French Polynesia French Polynesia120[60]1,533120
Republic of Macedonia Macedonia26020,910360
South Korea South Korea150490,400200
Philippines Philippines1001,076,680200
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic260103,497200
El Salvador El Salvador10061,255200
Cyprus Cyprus10011,724200
Malta Malta1004,1261000
Slovenia Slovenia10019,882200
Taiwan Taiwan100233,600200
Ethiopia Ethiopia100966,3341,000
Botswana Botswana10021,558200
Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo100774,337200
Namibia Namibia10021,984200
Nigeria Nigeria1001,771,558200
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates10091,570500
Iceland Iceland1003,325250
Yemen Yemen40[61] - 50289,467300
Martinique Martinique90[62]4,28990
Fiji Fiji60[63]15,05060
New Caledonia New Caledonia50[64]5,34050
Albania Albania40 - 50[65]75,50040 - 50
Egypt Egypt18[66]5,259,27740 - 50
Bahrain Bahrain36[67]36,50036
LiechtensteinLiechtenstein26[68]1,46730

Remnant and vanished populations

The above table represents Jews that number at least a few dozen per country. Reports exist of Jewish communities remaining in other territories in the low single digits that are on the verge of disappearing, particularly in the Muslim world, as their reaction to the birth of Israel in 1948 was the persecution of Jews in nearly all Muslim lands; these are often of historical interest as they represent the remnant of much larger Jewish populations. For example, Egypt had a Jewish community of 80,000 in the early 20th century that numbered fewer than 40 as of 2014, mainly because of the forced expulsion movements to Israel and other countries at that time.[69] Afghanistan may have only one Jew left, Zablon Simintov, despite a 2,000 year history of Jewish presence.[70] In Syria, another ancient Jewish community saw mass exodus at the end of the 20th century and numbered fewer than 20 in the midst of the Syrian Civil War.[71] The size of the Jewish community in Indonesia has been variously given as 65, 100, or 18 at most over the last 50 years.[72][73]

Core Jewish population

According to the Jewish Data Bank (Table 4),[74] the 10 countries as of 2013 with the largest core Jewish populations were:

Jewish population by city as a percentage of total population (list does not include cities in Israel)

Rank City Country Percent Number
1Qırmızı Qəsəbə[75] Azerbaijan1003,300
2Kiryas Joel[76] United States9922,000
3Deal United States91600
4Beachwood[77] United States90.410,700
5Hampstead[78] Canada74.25,170
6Côte-Saint-Luc[79] Canada69.120,146
7Lakewood[80] United States5959,607
8Teaneck[81] United States5018,000
9Livingston United States4612,600
10Caulfield North[82] Australia41.46,319
11Caulfield South[83] Australia33.94,008
12Rose Bay[84] Australia27.32,744
13Sarcelles[85] France2515,000
14Mercer Island[86] United States255,000
15St Kilda East[87] Australia24.83,246
16Créteil[88] France24.422,000
17Vaucluse[89] Australia23.22,163
18Westmount[90] Canada23.24,495
19Bellevue Hill[91] Australia21.42,300
20Dollard-des-Ormeaux[92] Canada21.110,115
21Vaughan[93] Canada18.233,090
22Elsternwick[94] Australia17.81,846
23Montreal West[95] Canada13.8710
24New York City[96] United States181,540,000
25Bondi[97] Australia12.71,272
26Mount Royal[98] Canada12.02,205
27Miami[99] United States9.86535,000
28Marseille[100] France970,000
29Buenos Aires[101] Argentina8.22244,000
30Newton Mearns[102] United Kingdom5.981,431
31Philadelphia[99] United States4.89276,000
32Toronto[103] Canada4.21103,500

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Numbers in this list are the total for Israel proper as well as Israeli settlers in the disputed Palestinian territories. Broken down by area, the Jewish population numbers are:[3]
    • Israel: 5,763,100 (core); 6,103,100 (enlarged)
    • Palestinian territories: 340,100 (core); 348,000 (enlarged)
  2. ↑ Poland shows the widest range of any entry in this table. Once the epicenter of the diaspora with millions of Jews, the population was decimated by the Holocaust and further subdued by communism; estimating current numbers has been difficult. DellaPergola presents conservative estimates of just 3,200 (core) and 7,500 (enlarged) because census numbers have been low. There is reason to suspect the number is higher with multiple sources suggesting a population in the range of 20,000 to 25,000.[36][37] One report notes that estimates have ranged anywhere from 10,000 to 100,000.[38]Around 8,000 people in Poland openly describe themselves as religious Jews and are active members of Jewish organizations in Poland today. Therefore the number can be taken as a realistic minimum of the number of Jews in today's Poland.

References

  1. 1 2 3 ""At 70, Israel's population is 8.842 million, 43% of world Jewry"
    (title as given - correct percentage 45% is quoted in body of text)
    | Times of Israel"    . https://www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2018-04-19.     External link in |website= (help)
  2. 1 2 DellaPergola, Sergio (2016). Dashefsky, Arnold; Sheskin, Ira, eds. "World Jewish Population, 2016". Current Jewish Population Reports. The American Jewish Year Book (Dordrecht: Springer). 116. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 DellaPergola, Sergio (2014). Dashefsky, Arnold; Sheskin, Ira, eds. "World Jewish Population, 2014". Current Jewish Population Reports. The American Jewish Year Book (Dordrecht: Springer). 113: 301–393. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 DellaPergola, Sergio (2015). Dashefsky, Arnold; Sheskin, Ira, eds. "World Jewish Population, 2015". Current Jewish Population Reports. The American Jewish Year Book (Dordrecht: Springer). 115: 273–364. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "US Jewish Population is Anywhere Between 5.425 Million and 6.722 Million". Jewish Political News and Updates. 18 February 2013. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  6. ↑ "World Jewish Population - Latest Statistics". Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  7. 1 2 "The continuing decline of Europe's Jewish population". 9 February 2015.
  8. ↑ "Chart: The decline of Europe's Jewish population". Washington Post.
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  11. ↑ "Fertility Rates, by Age and Religion". Statistical Abstract of Israel. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 11 September 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
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  13. ↑ Post-Soviet Aliyah and Jewish Demographic Transformation - Mark Tolts.
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  22. ↑ 2012. Retrieved on 30 January 2014.
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  25. ↑ "Jewish Population of the World". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
  26. ↑ Congreso Judío Latinoamericano. "Comunidades judías latinoamericanas: Argentina" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 8 January 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  27. ↑ 2010 Brazilian census Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Retrieved on 30 January 2014
  28. ↑ NSW Board of Jewish Education. "South African Jews". Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
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  31. ↑ Razón, La. "Unos 50000 judíos residentes en España reciben el nuevo año".
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  38. 1 2 Timothy Garton Ash. "A small miracle in the tortured history of Polish-Jewish relations". Retrieved 1 July 2015.
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  41. ↑ Congreso Judío Latinoamericano. "Comunidades judías latinoamericanas: Uruguay" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  42. ↑ "Jewish woman brutally murdered in Iran over property dispute". The Times of Israel. 28 November 2012. Retrieved 16 Aug 2014. A government census published earlier this year indicated there were a mere 8,756 Jews left in Iran
  43. ↑ "Ethnic composition of Azerbaijan 2009".
  44. ↑ "Religious Affiliation (total response)". 2013 Census Data – QuickStats About Culture and Identity – Tables. 2013. Table 31.
  45. ↑ "Jewish professor receives New Zealand Order of Merit". The Jerusalem Post. June 10, 2009. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  46. ↑ "The World Factbook".
  47. ↑ Lyons, Erica (August 2011). "The Jewish Community of Hong Kong". The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  48. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Singapore. Missing or empty |title= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  49. ↑ Patsy Mcgarry (14 November 2017). "Census figures for Ireland's Jewish population in 2016 not what they seem". The Irish Times.
  50. ↑ "The lost Jews of Uganda".
  51. ↑ by Kanji Ishizumi
  52. ↑ "Fleire medlemmar i trus- og livssynssamfunn".
  53. ↑ Groth, Bente (13 March 2018). "jøder" – via Store norske leksikon.
  54. ↑ Freund, Michael. "Vandals deface Holocaust memorial in Armenia". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  55. ↑ "Economic Opportunities Lure Jews to Land of Ho Chi Minh". Jewish Telegraph Agency. 1 October 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
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  57. ↑ "Minorities' votes may decide fate of 96 constituencies". Dawn. 19 March 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
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  60. ↑ "Tahiti". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  61. ↑ Root, Tik. "The historic end of aliyah from Yemen". Israel Foreign Ministry. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
  62. ↑ "Martinique". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  63. ↑ "Fiji". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  64. ↑ "New Caledonia". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  65. ↑ "Albania". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  66. ↑ "Egypt's last Jews aim to keep alive heritage". Yahoo! News. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  67. ↑ Slackman, Michael (17 April 1999). "In a Landscape of Tension, Bahrain Embraces Its Jews. All 36 of Them". NY Times. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
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  91. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "2016 Community Profiles: Bellevue Hill (State Suburb)". 2016 Census of Population and Housing. Retrieved 27 June 2016. Edit this at Wikidata
  92. ↑ "Statistics Canada - Community profiles - Dollard-des-Ormeaux". 2.statcan.ca. 2002-03-12. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
  93. ↑ "Religions in Canada". 2.statcan.ca. 2001-05-15. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
  94. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "2016 Community Profiles: Elsternwick (State Suburb)". 2016 Census of Population and Housing. Retrieved 27 June 2016. Edit this at Wikidata
  95. ↑ "Statistics Canada - Community profiles - Montreal West". 2.statcan.ca. 2002-03-12. Archived from the original on 2015-03-23. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
  96. ↑ "World Jewish Population". SimpleToRemember.com – Judaism Online. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
  97. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "2016 Community Profiles: Bondi (State Suburb)". 2016 Census of Population and Housing. Retrieved 27 June 2016. Edit this at Wikidata
  98. ↑ "Statistics Canada - Community profiles - Mount Royal". 2.statcan.ca. 2002-03-12. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
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