Jeremiah 36

Jeremiah 36
Book of Jeremiah in Hebrew Bible, MS. Sassoon 1053, images 283-315.
Book Book of Jeremiah
Bible part Old Testament
Order in the Bible part 24
Category Nevi'im

Jeremiah 36 is the thirty-sixth chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. It is numbered as Jeremiah 43 in Septuagint. This book contains the prophecies spoken by the prophet Jeremiah, and is a part of the Books of the Prophets[1] This chapter records the burning of a scroll of Jeremiah's prophecy by Jehoiakim and the remake of another scroll by Jeremiah with the help of Baruch the scribe.[2] Considered an extremely interesting and important chapter in relation to the history of the construction of the Book of Jeremiah.[3]

Text

  • The original text is written in Hebrew.
  • This chapter is divided into 32 verses.
  • Some scholars see a literally parallel with 2 Kings 22 contrasting the reactions of Josiah (tearing his clothes when hearing the reading of the scroll of God's word) and Jehoiakim (tearing Jeremiah's scroll, as an "act of defiance" against God).[2]

Structure

NKJV groups this chapter into:

Verse 1

Now it came to pass in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah, that this word came to Jeremiah from the Lord, saying: (NKJV)[4]
  • Cross reference: Jeremiah 25:1
  • This chapter (as well as chapter 35) is out of the chronological order of chapter 32-34 and 37-44, as it records the events during the reign of king Jehoiakim (605/604 SM).[5]

Verse 9

Now it came to pass in the fifth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah, in the ninth month, that they proclaimed a fast before the Lord to all the people in Jerusalem, and to all the people who came from the cities of Judah to Jerusalem. (NKJV)[6]
  • "The fifth year...the ninth month": December 604 BC.[7] The fast is related to the fall of Ashkelon on the Philistine territory by the Babylonia army (probably in November 604 BC),[2] as recorded in the Nebuchadnezzar Chronicle,[8] which must cause terror in Judah, because they have allied themselves with Egypt since the death of Josiah in 609 BC.[7]

Verse 10

Then Baruch read from the book the words of Jeremiah in the house of the Lord, in the chamber of Gemariah the son of Shaphan the scribe, in the upper court at the entry of the New Gate of the Lord’s house, in the hearing of all the people. (NKJV)[9]
  • "Baruch" (ben Neriah): a scribe closely related to Jeremiah and the one transcribed Jeremiah's prophecies in the scrolls (Jeremiah 36:2, 32). His brother, Seriah, is a minister of king Zedekiah (Jeremiah 32:12; Jeremiah 51:59). Bullae or seals belonging to Baruch and Seriah have been discovered.[2][10][11][12]
  • "Gemariah the son of Shaphan the scribe": Shaphan the scribe (here and in Jeremiah 29:3) is assumed the same person reading to king Josiah the Book of Law discovered by Hilkiah the priest (2 Kings 22:10). This Gemariah is then the brother of Ahikam, who protected Jeremiah (Jeremiah 26:24) and the uncle of Gedaliah (Jeremiah 40:5), who treated Jeremiah favorably, therefore it is not peculiar that Gemariah allowed Baruch to use his room.[7] In 1983 a bulla was discovered in the ruins of the City of David with the inscription "belonging to Gemariah, son of Saphan", presumably the same person as in this verse.[13][14]

Verse 26

And the king commanded Jerahmeel the king’s son, Seraiah the son of Azriel, and Shelemiah the son of Abdeel, to seize Baruch the scribe and Jeremiah the prophet, but the Lord hid them. (NKJV)[15]
  • "Jerahmeel the king's son": an old bulla with the inscription "Jerahmeel the king's son" has been found and considered authentic.[16]

Verse numbering

The order of chapters and verses of the Book of Jeremiah in the English Bibles, Masoretic Text (Hebrew), and Vulgate (Latin), in some places differs from that in Septuagint (LXX, the Greek Bible used in the Eastern Orthodox Church and others) according to Rahlfs or Brenton. The following table is taken with minor adjustments from Brenton's Septuagint, page 971.[17]

The order of CATSS based on Alfred Rahlfs' Septuaginta (1935), differs in some details from Joseph Ziegler's critical edition (1957) in Göttingen LXX. Swete's Introduction mostly agrees with Rahlfs edition (=CATSS).[17]

Hebrew, Vulgate, EnglishRahlfs'LXX (CATSS)
36:1-3243:1-32
29:1-15,21-3236:1-15,21-32

See also

Notes and references

  1. ↑ Theodore Hiebert, et al. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume VI. Nashville: Abingdon.
  2. 1 2 3 4 The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version, Indexed. Michael D. Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, Editors. Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 2007. pp. 1136-1137 Hebrew Bible. ISBN 978-0195288810
  3. ↑ Ryle 2009.
  4. ↑ Jeremiah 36:1
  5. ↑ Huey 1993, p. 312.
  6. ↑ Jeremiah 36:9
  7. 1 2 3 Huey 1993, p. 321.
  8. ↑ Lendering, Jona. "ABC 5 (Jerusalem Chronicle)". Livius.org. Retrieved May 31, 2017. , observe, lines 18-20.
  9. ↑ Jeremiah 36:10
  10. ↑ Avigad, N. “Baruch the Scribe” p. 53. Also, Avigad, Hebrew Bullae from the Time of Jeremiah- Remnants of a Burnt Archive (Jerusalem- Israel Exploration Society, 1986), pp. 28–29.
  11. ↑ Ward, J.M. “Baruch,” in The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible (Nashville- Abingdon, 1962), vol. 1, p. 361; J. Muilenburg, “Jeremiah the Prophet,” in The Interpreter’s Dictionary, vol. 2, p. 832; Avigad, N. “Baruch,” in Encyclopedia Biblica (Jerusalem- Bialik, 1954) vol. 2, cols. 337–338 (in Hebrew).
  12. ↑ Avigad, N. “The Seal of Seraiah, Son of Neriah,” Eretz Israel 14 (1978), pp. 86–87 (in Hebrew).
  13. ↑ Shiloh, Y. A Group of Hebrew Bullae from the City of David, Israel Exploration Journal (IEJ) 36:16-38. 1986.
  14. ↑ Avigad, N. Hebrew Bullae from the Time of Jeremiah. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. 1986. p. 129, n. 164.
  15. ↑ Jeremiah 36:26
  16. ↑ Avigad, Nachman. Baruch the Scribe and Yerahme'el the King’s Son. Israel Exploration Journal (IEJ) 28:52. 1978
  17. 1 2 CCEL - Brenton Jeremiah Appendix

Bibliography

  • Ryle, Herbert Edward (2009). The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges Paperback. BiblioBazaar. ISBN 9781117708690.
  • Huey, F. B. (1993). The New American Commentary - Jeremiah, Lamentations: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition of Holy Scripture, NIV Text. B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 9780805401165.

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