Jeremiah 34
| Jeremiah 34 | |
|---|---|
 Book of Jeremiah in Hebrew Bible, MS. Sassoon 1053, images 283-315. | |
| Book | Book of Jeremiah |
| Bible part | Old Testament |
| Order in the Bible part | 24 |
| Category | Nevi'im |
Jeremiah 34 is the thirty-fourth chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. It is numbered as Jeremiah 41 in Septuagint. This book contains the prophecies spoken by the prophet Jeremiah, and is a part of the Books of the Prophets.[1][2] This chapter contains a record of the final moments in the assault of Babylonian army against Jerusalem, when Jeremiah foretold the destruction of the city and the captivity of Zedekiah (Jeremiah 34:1-7), and sharply criticized the treacherous dealings of the princes and people with the slaves that provoked the punishment from God (Jeremiah 34:8-22).[3]
Text
- The original text is written in Hebrew.
- This chapter is divided into 22 verses.
Textual versions
Ancient manuscripts containing this chapter in Hebrew:
- Masoretic Text
- Codex Cairensis (895 CE)
- Aleppo Codex (10th century)
- Leningrad Codex (1008-1009)
Ancient translations in Koine Greek:
- Septuagint (3rd century BCE; different verse numbering)
- Theodotion version (~CE 180)
Structure
NKJV groups this chapter into:
- Jeremiah 34:1-7 = Zedekiah Warned by God
- Jeremiah 34:8-22 = Treacherous Treatment of Slaves
Verse 3
- And you shall not escape from his hand, but shall surely be taken and delivered into his hand; your eyes shall see the eyes of the king of Babylon, he shall speak with you face to face, and you shall go to Babylon. (NKJV)[4]
- Zedekiah tried to flee to Jericho, but captured by the force of Nebuchadnezzar and brought to Riblah to have a "face to face" meeting with the Babylonian king. 2 Kings 25:6,7 (also Jeremiah 39:7 and Jeremiah 52:11) records that his sons were killed before his eyes and then his eyes were put out, but he would "die in peace", not executed by the sword, during the exile in Babylon.[5][6]
Verse 7
- When the king of Babylon’s army fought against Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah that were left, against Lachish and Azekah; for only these fortified cities remained of the cities of Judah. (NKJV)[7]
- "Against Lachish, and against Azekah": The two cities, Lachish (45 km or 23 miles southwest of Jerusalem)[8] and Azekah (18 km or 11 miles north-northwest of Lachish; 29 km (18 mi) southwest of Jerusalem).[8][9] Book of Joshua noted that Lachish was one of the strongest towns of the Amorites in the time of Joshua (Joshua 10:3; Joshua 10:5), and, as Azekah (Joshua 10:10-11; Joshua 15:35 NKJV), was situated in the Shfela, or lowland district (Joshua 15:39). Rehoboam restored and fortified both cities as a defence against the northern kingdom (2 Chronicles 11:9). Amaziah escaped to Lachish from Jerusalem (2 Chronicles 14:19; 2 Chronicles 25:27). Sennacherib conquered the city during his conquest to Egypt, made it his headquarters (2 Chronicles 32:9; 2 Kings 18:17) and commemorated the event in his palace (at Kouyunjik) in a huge wall relief, now known as the Lachish reliefs.[10] Lachish and Azekah are close to Egyptian border.[9] Letter Number 4 of Lachish letters, found between 1935-1938,[11] seems to indicate the fall of Azekah, reported by an official stationed outside the city to his commander in Lachish.[12][13]
Verse numbering
The order of chapters and verses of the Book of Jeremiah in the English Bibles, Masoretic Text (Hebrew), and Vulgate (Latin), in some places differs from that in Septuagint (LXX, the Greek Bible used in the Eastern Orthodox Church and others) according to Rahlfs or Brenton. The following table is taken with minor adjustments from Brenton's Septuagint, page 971.[14]
The order of CATSS based on Alfred Rahlfs' Septuaginta (1935), differs in some details from Joseph Ziegler's critical edition (1957) in Göttingen LXX. Swete's Introduction mostly agrees with Rahlfs edition (=CATSS).[14]
| Hebrew, Vulgate, English | Rahlfs'LXX (CATSS) |
|---|---|
| 34:1-22 | 41:1-22 |
| 27:2-6,8-12,14-16,18-20,22 | 34:1-18 |
See also
- Related Bible part: Joshua 10, Joshua 15, 1 Samuel 17, 2 Kings 18, 2 Kings 25, 2 Chronicles 11, 2 Chronicles 14, 2 Chronicles 25, 2 Chronicles 32, Nehemiah 11, Jeremiah 39, Jeremiah 52
Notes and references
- ↑ J. D. Davis. 1960. A Dictionary of the Bible. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House.
- ↑ Theodore Hiebert, et al. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume VI. Nashville: Abingdon.
- ↑ Huey 1993, p. 305-312.
- ↑ Jeremiah 34:3
- ↑ The Nelson Study Bible 1997, p. 1288-1289.
- ↑ Huey 1993, p. 343.
- ↑ Jeremiah 34:7
- 1 2 The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version, Indexed. Michael D. Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, Editors. Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 2007. p. 1133-1135 Hebrew Bible. ISBN 978-0195288810
- 1 2 Huey 1993, p. 307.
- ↑ Layard’s Nineveh and Babylon, 149-152; Monuments of Nineveh, 2nd Series, Plates xxi, 24
- ↑ Thomas, D. W. Documents from Old Testament Times. New York: Harper & Row, 1958, pp. 212-217.
- ↑ Ariel David. A high-tech quest to unlock the secrets of ancient Israelite letters. How upstart mathematicians and archaeologists are revealing the secrets of letters penned more than 2,500 years ago – and finding clues about when the Bible was written. Haaretz Apr. 22, 2015
- ↑ Heather Clark. Scholars Believe Writing on Pottery Shards Corroborates With Biblical Narrative in Jeremiah. Christian News Network. April 26, 2015
- 1 2 (CCEL - Brenton Jeremiah Appendix)
Bibliography
- Huey, F. B. (1993). The New American Commentary - Jeremiah, Lamentations: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition of Holy Scripture, NIV Text. B&H Publishing Group,. ISBN 9780805401165.