Foreign relations of Panama

Panama's foreign relations are conventional in outlook, with Panama being especially aligned with United States since the 1989 US invasion to topple the regime of General Manuel Noriega. The United States cooperates with the Panamanian government in promoting economic, political, security, and social development through U.S. and international agencies.

Diplomatic relations list

Panama has established diplomatic relations with following countries:[1]

#CountryDate
1 United States13 November 1903
2 France18 November 1903
3 Russia21 November 1903
4 Costa Rica29 December 1903
5 Italy15 January 1904
6 Venezuela3 February 1904
7 Cuba7 April 1904
8 Netherlands10 April 1904
9  Switzerland6 May 1904
10 Spain10 May 1904
11 Portugal21 May 1904
12 Uruguay28 October 1904
13 Japan7 January 1904
14 Honduras18 September 1907
15 Belgium15 February 1908
16 Chile1 March 1908
17 Peru2 March 1908
18 Brazil3 March 1908
19 United Kingdom9 April 1908
20 Ecuador1908
21 El Salvador9 March 1909
22 Argentina5 November 1920
23 People's Republic of China2 January 1922
24 Mexico29 May 1923
– Holy See21 September 1923
25 Colombia9 July 1924
26 Guatemala25 January 1937
27 Dominican Republic17 March 1937
28 Sweden3 July 1937
29 Denmark30 July 1937
30 Norway31 July 1937
31 Nicaragua13 December 1938
32 Bolivia28 August 1942
33 Paraguay31 October 1942
34 Haiti11 October 1945
35 Lebanon30 April 1946
– Sovereign Order of Malta2 August 1948
36 Turkey14 April 1950
37 Germany17 December 1951
38 Serbia26 March 1953
39 Austria18 October 1955
40 Greece17 May 1956
41 Egypt21 February 1958
42 Canada11 August 1961
43 India1 July 1962
44 South Korea30 September 1962
45 Jamaica18 August 1966
46 Ethiopia17 August 1967
47 Pakistan7 November 1967
48 Cyprus1 April 1971
49 Romania5 October 1971
50 Bangladesh5 June 1972
51 Algeria9 February 1973
52 Guyana16 March 1973
53 Bulgaria29 March 1973
54 Libya29 March 1973
55 Guinea29 March 1973
56 Poland15 August 1973
57 Philippines28 September 1973
58 Guinea-Bissau16 October 1973
59 Australia20 February 1974
60 Grenada18 November 1974
61 Iran7 January 1975
62 Bahrain27 February 1975
63 Hungary17 August 1975
64 Vietnam28 August 1975
65 Syria17 February 1976
66 Finland19 February 1976
67 Malta19 February 1976
68 Sri Lanka8 March 1976
69 Kuwait23 March 1976
70 Iraq8 June 1976
71 Israel18 June 1976
72 Morocco15 February 1977
73 Albania20 August 1978
74 Indonesia27 March 1979
75 Suriname1 May 1979
76 Equatorial Guinea13 May 1981
77 Belize1 December 1981
78 Myanmar15 July 1982
79 Singapore6 August 1982
80 Thailand20 August 1982
81 Barbados3 March 1983
82   Nepal15 February 1984
83 Luxembourg12 November 1985
84 Senegal27 August 1987
85 Sudan13 September 1988
86 Angola16 February 1989
87 Maldives19 February 1989
88 Ghana24 February 1989
89 Bahamas1 May 1991
90 Lithuania19 November 1992
91 Saint Kitts and Nevis19 November 1992
92 Czechia15 February 1993
93 Moldova15 February 1993
94 Slovakia15 February 1993
95 United Arab Emirates9 March 1993
96 New Zealand22 March 1993
97 Seychelles21 May 1993
98 Ukraine21 May 1993
99 Malaysia24 July 1993
100 Jordan7 February 1994
101 Oman25 February 1994
102 Latvia22 March 1994
103 Trinidad and Tobago24 May 1994
104 Laos9 September 1994[2]
105 South Africa10 January 1995
106 Estonia13 January 1995
107 Azerbaijan6 April 1995
108 Slovenia10 May 1995
109 Saint Lucia10 July 1995
110 Kazakhstan28 July 1995
111 Cambodia15 February 1996
112 Papua New Guinea5 March 1996
113 Brunei28 March 1996
114 Croatia12 July 1996
115 Andorra16 July 1996
116 Antigua and Barbuda27 September 1996
117 Armenia7 August 1998
118 Belarus22 October 1998
119 Georgia18 November 1998
120 Iceland4 June 1999
121 Nigeria12 February 2001
122 Ireland14 February 2001
123 Qatar8 February 2002
124 Republic of Macedonia18 April 2002
125 Afghanistan3 May 2002
126 San Marino22 January 2004
127 Bosnia and Herzegovina31 March 2004
128 Benin20 September 2005
129 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines17 July 2006
130 Tunisia15 June 2007
131 Montenegro29 May 2008
132 Yemen29 June 2009[3]
133 Burkina Faso29 July 2009
134 Botswana15 December 2009
135 Djibouti15 December 2009
136 Monaco22 November 2010
137 Cameroon14 August 2011
138 Liechtenstein3 January 2012
139 Mongolia17 January 2012
140 Dominica13 March 2012
141 Palau18 April 2012
142 Solomon Islands11 September 2012
143 Fiji9 November 2012[4]
– Kosovo27 August 2013[5]
144 Saudi Arabia15 January 2015[6]
145 Turkmenistan28 July 2015[7]
146 Ivory Coast29 April 2016[8]
147 Tajikistan26 May 2018[9]


Bilateral relations

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Canada11 August 1961[1]See Canada–Panama relations
 China2 January 1909[1]See China–Panama relations

Panama established a diplomatic relationship with the Qing Dynasty in 1909. After the Xinhai Revolution, Panama recognized the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC), and has retained diplomatic ties with the ROC. In 2009, after President Ricardo Martinelli took office, Panama wished to switch diplomatic relations from the ROC to the People's Republic of China (PRC), but this was rejected by the PRC government based on violation of PRC's viewpoint on the One-China policy. Martinelli reaffirmed its commitment to Taiwan in the diplomatic arena, clearing doubts he could establish official ties with PRC; he also thanked the Taiwanese for cooperation and expressed the hope that cooperation and investments would intensify. "Panama reaffirms its determination to strengthen diplomatic ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan), as well as strengthening trade ties with the People's Republic of China (PRC)," said Foreign Minister Juan Carlos Varela, at a meeting in the Council of Taiwan Affairs.[12] On June 12, 2017, President Juan Carlos Varela announced that Panama has established a diplomatic relationship with People's Republic of China, and Panama has severed diplomatic relationship with the Republic of China (Taiwan).

 India1 June 1962[1]See India–Panama relations

Panama is the first country in Central America where India established a resident embassy in 1973. Bilateral commercial and trade relations are steadily growing between India and Panama, with Panama seen as the gateway for expansion into Latin America.[13]

 Kosovo27 August 2013[5]

Panama officially recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo on 16 January 2009.[17] Kosovo and Panama established diplomatic relations on 27 August 2013, following the establishment of diplomatic relations Kosovo announced it would be opening an embassy in Panama and that this embassy would be Kosovo's 'gateway to Latin America'.[18]

 Mexico29 May 1923[1]See Mexico–Panama relations
 Russia21 November 1903[1]See Panama–Russia relations
  • Panama has an embassy in Moscow.[21]
  • Russia has an embassy in Panama city.[22]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic1 June 1979[1]See Panama–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations

Panama was the first Latin American country on recognizing the SADR in 1978, during the military rule of Omar Torrijos. [23] Panama also has the oldest Sahrawi embassy in Latin America. Relations are suspended from 20 November 2013.

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines2006[1]
 Serbia1953[1]
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations in 1953.[25]
  • A number of bilateral agreements have been concluded and are in force between both countries.[26]
 South Africa1995[1]
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1995.[1][27]
  • Panama opened an embassy in Pretoria in August 2000.[27]
  • South Africa is represented in Panama through its embassy in Lima, Peru.[27]
 South Korea30 September 1962[1]

Both countries established diplomatic relations on Sep 30, 1962.

  • The Republic of Panama has an embassy in Seoul.[28]
  • The Republic of Korea has an embassy in Panama City.[29][30][31]
 Spain10 May 1904[1]See Panama–Spain relations
 United States13 November 1903
3 April 1964[1]		See Panama–United States relations

The United States cooperates with the Panamanian government in promoting economic, political, security, and social development through U.S. and international agencies. Cultural ties between the two countries are strong, and many Panamanians go to the United States for higher education and advanced training. In 2007, the U.S. and Panama partnered to launch a regional health worker training center. The center provides training to community healthcare workers in Panama and throughout Central America. About 25,000 American citizens reside in Panama, many retirees from the Panama Canal Commission and individuals who hold dual nationality. There is also a rapidly growing enclave of American retirees in the Chiriqui Province in western Panama.

Multilateral relations

Panama
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Panama

Panama is a member of the UN General Assembly (and most major UN agencies) and has served three terms in the UN Security Council. In November 2006, it was elected to serve a two-year term on the Security Council, beginning January 1, 2007. It maintains membership in several international financial institutions, including the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the International Monetary Fund.

Panama is a member of the Organization of American States and was a founding member of the Rio Group. Although it was suspended from the Latin American Economic System — known informally both as the Group of Eight and the Rio Group — in 1988 due to its internal political system under Manuel Noriega, Panama was readmitted in September, 1994 as an acknowledgment of its present democratic credentials.

Panama is also one of the founding members of the Union of Banana Exporting Countries and belongs to the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission. Panama is a member of the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN) as well as the Central American Integration System (SICA). Panama joined its six Central American neighbors at the 1994 Summit of the Americas in signing the Alliance for Sustainable Development known as the Conjunta Centroamerica-USA or CONCAUSA to promote sustainable economic development in the region.

Panama is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ" (PDF). p. 195. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  2. ↑ "List of states which the Lao PDR has established diplomatic relations since 1950" (PDF). MFA of Laos. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  3. ↑ "Decrees establishing diplomatic relations with Panama, Venezuela". Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  4. ↑ "Formal diplomatic relations list" (PDF). Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  5. 1 2 "Panamá puerta de entrada de Kosovo a América Latina" (in Spanish). 27 August 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  6. ↑ "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Republic of Panama sign agreement on establishment of diplomatic relations". 15 January 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  7. ↑ "Turkmenistan, Panama establish diplomatic relations". 28 July 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  8. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Cote D'Ivoire and Panama as of 29 Apr. 2016". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
  9. ↑ "Panama establishes diplomatic relations with Tajikistan". 26 May 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  10. ↑ Embassy of Canada in Panama City (in English, French and Spanish)
  11. ↑ Embassy of Panama in Ottawa (in English and Spanish)
  12. ↑ http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/05/12/wikileaks-china-rejects-panama-wish-ties/
  13. ↑ "India-Panama Relations" (PDF). Ministry of External Affairs. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
  14. ↑ Indian Embassy in Panama
  15. ↑ Indian mission in Panama
  16. ↑ Panama Embassy in India
  17. ↑ Panama recognised independent state of Kosovo, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-01-16
  18. ↑ Panamá puerta de entrada de Kosovo a América Latina, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República de Panamá, 2013-08-27 (in Spanish)
  19. ↑ Embassy of Mexico in Panama City (in Spanish)
  20. ↑ Embassy of Panama in Mexico City (in Spanish) Archived November 29, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
  21. ↑ Embassy of Panama in Moscow (in Spanish)
  22. ↑ Embassy of Russia in Panama City (in Russian and Spanish)
  23. ↑ Panamá y la república Saharaui
  24. ↑
  25. ↑
  26. ↑
  27. 1 2 3
  28. ↑ https://search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&sm=top_sug.pre&fbm=1&acr=1&acq=%EC%A3%BC%ED%95%9C%ED%8C%8C%EB%82%98&qdt=0&ie=utf8&query=%EC%A3%BC%ED%95%9C+%ED%8C%8C%EB%82%98%EB%A7%88+%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC%EA%B4%80
  29. ↑ http://pan.mofa.go.kr/worldlanguage/america/pan/main/index.jsp
  30. ↑ http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/latinamerica/countries/20070803/1_24568.jsp?menu=m_30_30
  31. ↑ https://www.premiercasa.com/en/panama/panama-guide/korean-embassy-panama-relations
  32. ↑ Embassy of Panama in Madrid (in Spanish)
  33. ↑ Embassy of Spain in Panama City (in Spanish)
  34. ↑ Embassy of Panama in Washington, DC
  35. ↑ Embassy of the United States in Panama City (in English and Spanish)

30. Embassy of Japan in Panama

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