Flying Dutchman (dinghy)
Class symbol | |
| |
Development | |
---|---|
Designer |
Uus Van Essen Conrad Gülcher |
Location | Netherlands |
Year | 1951 |
Design | One-Design |
Role | International class |
Boat | |
Crew | 2 |
Draft |
0.15 m (5.9 in) 1.07 m (3 ft 6 in) |
Trapeze | Single trapeze |
Hull | |
Type | Monohull |
Construction |
GRP Cold moulded plywood Composite (Wood/GRP) |
Hull weight | 130 kg (290 lb) |
LOA | 6.06 m (19.9 ft) |
LWL | 5.5 m (18 ft) |
Beam | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |
Hull appendages | |
Keel/board type | Centerboard |
Rig | |
Rig type | Bermuda rig |
Sails | |
Mainsail area | 10.2 m2 (110 sq ft) |
Jib/genoa area | 8.4 m2 (90 sq ft) |
Spinnaker area | 21 m2 (230 sq ft) |
Upwind sail area | 18.6 m2 (200 sq ft) |
Racing | |
D-PN | 80.1[1] |
RYA PN | 879[2] |
PHRF | 150.6 |
Former Olympic class |
The Flying Dutchman (FD) is a 20-foot one-design high-performance two-person monohull racing dinghy. Developed in the early 1950s in the Netherlands, its large sail area per unit weight allow it to plane easily when sailing upwind. The boat utilizes a trapeze harness for the crew and hiking straps for the skipper to counterbalance the wind force on its sails. It made its Olympic debut at the 1960 Olympic Games.
The FD is still one of the fastest racing dinghies in the world.[3] She carries a mainsail, a very large foresail genoa, and a large spinnaker for running and reaching. The FD has been the basis for many important innovations in sailing over the past half century:
- First one-design dinghy to make use of a trapeze gear, a feature commonly found today on high performance dinghies and catamarans
- Roller furling genoa
- Windward sheeting traveler
- Spinnaker chute
- Spinnaker pole launchers
- Composite construction
These innovations were possible because the FD was left as an "open" one-design class, where innovation and development in the boat is allowed and encouraged. Parameters that influence the speed of the boat directly, including hull shape, weight, and sail area are strictly controlled, but other areas can be adapted to suit.
The FD was sailed in Olympic competitions from 1960 Olympic Games through the 1992 Olympic Games. Since 2008 the FD is one of the Vintage Yachting Classes at the Vintage Yachting Games.
History
It was in the late 1940s that the IYRU instigated a new modern two man international dinghy, the Tornado. She was not a success, as there was no leap forward compared to the existing pre-war classes. The Royal Loosdrecht Yacht Club of Conrad Gülcher obtained half a dozen Tornados and found them very uninspiring. Conrad imagined that with modern construction methods and the use of moulded ply, a better dinghy could be constructed. Conrad with the help of Uus Van Essen, a naval architect and measurer for the Dutch Yachting Federation made a preliminary design early in September 1951. The design was sent to 30 top class helmsmen in Europe, including Bossom (SUI), John Cahmier (GBR), Charles Curry (GBR), Manfred Curry (GER), Ferry Laagwater (NED), Stewart Morris (GBR), Morits Skaugen (NOR) and Shorty Trimingham (BER), with the request to comment within two weeks. By the end of September 23 responses had been returned with suggestions for modifications to the design of the boat.
Mr. Loeff, chairman of the Dutch Yachting Federation, agreed to discuss the boat at the November meeting of the IYRU, but required he see her sail first. As no prototype yet existed, this was hardly feasible to accomplish, but Conrad had the mould and hull built in one week, and the mast cut, stepped and the boat rigged in another. The boat was designed to be very simple, and consequently inexpensive to produce. The easily repeatable measurement system defined by Uss van Essen aided to that end. It took to the water against the 12m2 Sharpie and the Tornado dinghy at Loosdrecht one week before the IYRU meetings. Mr. Loeff was impressed, and took the plans to the IYRU for discussion. It was decided to hold trials for the new boat class in the summer of 1952 in the Netherlands, and the name of the design, Flying Dutchman, was born. The trials were held on the Loosdrecht lakes and on the open water of the IJsselmeer at Muiden. Seventeen boats participated, some one-designs like the Osprey and Typhoon, and others were from existing classes, including Hornet, Thistle, Sharpie, and Rennjolle. The results clearly showed the new boat to be a success, and the FD was adopted. However, the boat was initially set with the limitation "for continental lakes only".
(Early 1960s FD)
Late 1960s FD
(21st century FD)
Another set of trials were set up for 1953 at La Baule on the open sea. Meanwhile, the small jib in the initial design was replaced with the Genoa, and a trapeze was added. At La Baule there were again one-designs such as the Coronet, a smaller version of which later became the 505. Off the wind the Coronet with her bigger spinnaker and mainsail was faster, but upwind the FD won. Afterwards it was clear that the FD did very well on the open sea, and the "lakes" limitation was lifted. The Class started to blossom, thanks largely to the promotional activities of Conrad and a well structured Class Organisation.
In 1957 the FD was selected to replace the Sharpie at the 1960 Olympic Games in Naples. By the 1960s there were "FD" fleets throughout the world, including Lebanon, Morocco, Portuguese East Africa, Argentina, Venezuela, Thailand, along with fleets forming in Europe, the United States, Canada, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
Many well known yachtsmen have spent time competing in the FD, including Paul Elvstrom, Hans Fogh, Ben Lexcen, Peder Lunde, Stewart Morris, Keith Musto, André Nelis, Yves and Marc Pajot, Rodney Pattisson, Ted Turner, Jon Turner, David Wilkins, the deKleer brothers, and Buddy Melges.
Events
Olympic Games
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |
3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | |
4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||
6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
8 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
11 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Totals (12 nations) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 27 |
Asian Games
Source:[5]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Totals (3 nations) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1970 Bangkok |
Akira Yamamura Takashi Yamamura |
Dawee Chullasapya Suthep Indrakosoom |
John Gunawan David Udjulawa |
Pan American Games
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | |
2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | |
3 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | |
Totals (3 nations) | 4 | 4 | 3 | 11 |
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1959 Chicago |
|||
1963 São Paulo |
|||
1967 Winnipeg |
|||
1971 Mexico City |
World Championship
Source:[6]
Year |
Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1956 Starnberger See | Rolf Mulka Ingo von Bredow |
Walter Berger Walter Hohensee |
Harald Kuehling Hans Lorentz |
1957 Rimini | Rolf Mulka Ingo von Bredow |
Jaap Helder Joop van Meggelen |
Jürgen Wagner Hans Hauschildt |
1958 Attersee | Rolly Tasker Ian Palmer |
Vittorio Porta Emilio Massino |
Norman Oerlemans Bob Boeschoten |
1959 Whitstable | Mario Capio Tullio Pizzorno |
Adrian Jardine Angus Fryer |
Rolf Mulka Ingo von Bredow |
1962 St. Petersburg | Hans Fogh Paul Elvstrøm |
Rolly Tasker Andrew White |
Stewart Jardine James Ramus |
1963 Starnberger See | Jean-Pierre Renevier Serge Graz |
Keith Musto Tony Morgan |
Mario Capio Marco Sartori |
1965 Alassio | Richard Pitcher Ian McCormack |
Mario Capio Marco Sartori |
Hans J. Cochius Werner Christoph |
1967 Montréal | John Oakeley David Hunt |
Geoffrey Smale Ralph Roberts |
Karl Geiger Werner Fischer |
1969 Napoli | Rodney Pattison Ian MacDonald-Smith |
Alain Draeger Pierre Nottet |
Keith Musto John Wigglesworth |
1970 Adelaide | Rodney Pattison Ian MacDonald-Smith |
John Truett Edward Leask |
Craig Whitworth Bob Miller |
1971 La Rochelle | Rodney Pattison Julian Brooke-Houghton |
Jock Bilger Murray Ross |
Mark Bethwaite Tim Alexander |
1973 Rochester | Hans Fogh Evert Bastet |
Marc Pajot Yves Pajot |
Reinaldo Conrad Burkhard Cordes |
1974 Weymouth | Ilja Wolf Bernd Klenke |
Herbert Hüttner Ulf Pagenkopf |
Hans Fogh Evert Bastet |
1975 Abino Bay | Marc Pajot Yves Pajot |
Jock Bilger Murray Ross |
Jörg Diesch Eckart Diesch |
1977 Nago-Torbole | Jörg Hotz André Nicolet |
Jörg Diesch Eckart Diesch |
Erik Vollebregt Sjoerd Vollebregt |
1978 Hayling Island | Albert Batzill Rudolf Batzill |
Jörg Diesch Eckart Diesch |
Alejandro Abascal Miguel Noguer |
1979 Kiel | Mark Bouet Thierry Poirey |
Alejandro Abascal Miguel Noguer |
Erik Vollebregt Sjoerd Vollebregt |
1980 Malmö | Terence McLaughlin Evert Bastet |
Albert Batzill Rudolf Batzill |
Jörg Diesch Eckart Diesch |
1981 Palamos | Albert Batzill Rudolf Batzill |
Jörg Diesch Eckart Diesch |
Marco Savelli Roberto Gazzei |
1982 Geelong | Anton Schwarz Peter Fröschl |
Bengt Hagander Magnus Kjell |
Terence McLaughlin Evert Bastet |
1983 Cagliari | Jonathan McKee William Carl Buchan |
Jörg Diesch Eckart Diesch |
Sergey Borodinov Vladyslav Akimenko |
1984 La Rochelle | Albert Batzill Klaus Wende |
Mark Bouet Bruno Gandolphe |
Laurent Delage Thierry Poirey |
1985 Carignano | Jörgen Schønherr Michael Poulsen |
Jörg Diesch Eckart Diesch |
Mario Celon Claudio Celon |
1986 Rio de Janeiro | Jörg Diesch Eckart Diesch |
Albert Batzill Klaus Wende |
Frank McLaughlin John Millen |
1987 Kiel | Luis Doreste Andor Serra |
Sergey Borodinov Viktor Budanzev |
Markus Wieser Franz Wieser |
1988 Medemblik | Jørgen Bojsen Møller Christian Grønborg |
Murrey Jones Gerg Knowles |
Thierry Berger Vincent Berger |
1989 Alassio | Albert Batzill Peter Lang |
Markus Wieser Peter Fröschl |
Ole Petter Pollen Erik Bjorkum |
1990 Newport | Jørgen Bojsen Møller Jens Bojsen Møller |
Thierry Berger Vincent Berger |
Albert Batzill Peter Lang |
1991 Tauranga | Paul Foerster Stephen Bourdow |
Thierry Berger Vincent Berger |
Jørgen Bojsen Møller Jens Bojsen Møller |
1992 Cadiz | Paul Foerster Stephen Bourdow |
Murrey Jones Greg Knowles |
Thierry Berger Vincent Berger |
1993 Travemünde | Jørgen Bojsen Møller Jens Bojsen Møller |
Stephan Schurich Mark Dieckmann |
Andreas Piettner Max Friedrich |
1994 Adelaide | Szabolcs Majthényi András Domokos |
Ian McCrossin James Cook |
Paul Francis Simon Mander |
1995 Nago-Torbole | Ian McCrossin James Cook |
Eddy Eich Ben Hagenmeyer |
Wim Lageslag Peter van Koppen |
1996 Balatonfüred | Ulf Lehmann Stefan Mädicke |
Szabolcs Majthényi András Domokos |
Uwe Steingross Sven Hermenau |
1997 St. Petersburg | Ian McCrossin James Cook |
Roberto Cipriani Stefano Morelli |
Hans-Peter Schwarz Roland Kirst |
1998 Den Oever | Enno Kramer Hein Dijksterhuis |
Ian McCrossin James Cook |
Wim Langeslag Jacob Bojsen-Møller |
1999 Lee-on-the-Solent | Jørgen Schonherr Jacob Bojsen-Møller |
Jörn Borowski Andreas Berlin |
Enno Kramer Hein Dijksterhuis |
2000 Durban | Ian McCrossin James Cook |
Hans-Peter Schwarz Roland Kirst |
John Best James Cole |
2001 Gilleleje | Jørgen Bojsen-Møller Jacob Bojsen-Møller |
Szabolcs Majthényi András Domokos |
Hans-Peter Schwarz Roland Kirst |
2002 Tavira | Szabolcs Majthényi András Domokos |
Hans-Peter Schwarz Roland Kirst |
Roberto Cipriani Stefano Morelli |
2003 Sandringham | Szabolcs Majthényi András Domokos |
Norman Rydge Richard Scarr |
Hans-Peter Schwarz Peter van Koppen |
2004 Warnemünde | Szabolcs Majthényi András Domokos |
Jørgen Bojsen-Møller Jacob Bojsen-Møller |
Jörn Borowski Andreas Berlin |
2005 Balatonföldvár | Jørgen Bojsen-Møller Jacob Bojsen-Møller |
Szabolcs Majthényi András Domokos |
Norman Rydge Richard Scarr |
2006 St. Petersburg | Szabolcs Majthényi András Domokos |
Hans-Peter Schwarz Roland Kirst |
Roberto Cipriani Stefano Morelli |
2007 Los Alcázares | Jørgen Bojsen-Møller Jacob Bojsen-Møller |
Carlos Beltri Javier Cayuela |
Dirk Bogumil Michael Lisken |
2008 Napier | Szabolcs Majthényi András Domokos |
Ian McCrossin James Cook |
Norman Rydge Richard Scarr |
2009 Medemblik | Jørgen Bojsen-Møller Jacob Bojsen-Møller |
Szabolcs Majthényi András Domokos |
Bas van der Pol Mark van der Pol |
2010 Constanţa | Szabolcs Majthényi András Domokos |
Enno Kramer Ard Geelkerken |
Nicola Vespasiani Francesco Vespasiani |
2011 Malcesine | Szabolcs Majthényi András Domokos |
Jørgen Bojsen-Møller Jacob Bojsen-Møller |
Enno Kramer Ard Geelkerken |
2012 Santa Cruz | Szabolcs Majthényi András Domokos |
Enno Kramer Ard Geelkerken |
Kay-Uwe Lüdtke Kai Schäfers |
2013 Balatonföldvár | Enno Kramer Ard Geelkerken |
Szabolcs Majthényi András Domokos |
Jørgen Bojsen-Møller Jacob Bojsen-Møller |
2014 Largs | Szabolcs Majthényi András Domokos |
Enno Kramer Ard Geelkerken |
Nicola Vespasiani Francesco Vespasiani |
2015 Sydney | Szabolcs Majthényi András Domokos |
Enno Kramer Ard Geelkerken |
Kilian König Johannes Brack |
2016 Steinhude | Jørgen Bojsen-Møller Jacob Bojsen-Møller |
Kay-Uwe Lüdtke Kai Schäfers |
Kilian König Johannes Brack |
2017 Scarlino[7] | Szabolcs Majthényi András Domokos |
Hans-Peter Schwarz Roland Kirst |
Jørgen Bojsen-Møller Jacob Bojsen-Møller |
2018 Medemblik[8] | Jørgen Bojsen-Møller Jacob Bojsen-Møller |
Szabolcs Majthényi András Domokos |
Nicola Vespasiani Francesco Vespasiani |
European Championship
Source:[9]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 14 | |
2 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 9 | |
4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 10 | |
5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | |
6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |
7 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | |
8 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 | |
9 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | |
10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
12 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 6 | |
13 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
14 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
15 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | |
16 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Totals (17 nations) | 33 | 26 | 26 | 85 |
Vintage Yachting Games
Source:[11]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Totals (4 nations) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
2008 Medemblik |
Szabolcs Majthenyi Andras Domokos |
Kilian Koenig Johannes Brack |
Kai Schäfers Markus Landgrebe |
2012 Lake Como |
Christoph Aichholzer Philipp Zingerle |
Silvia Aichholzer Christoph Zingerle |
Ginés Romero Bernabeu Alvaro Moreno Egea |
2016 Weymouth Bay |
Dates to be decided |
References
- ↑ "Centerboard Classes". US Sailing. Archived from the original on 16 August 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
- ↑ "RYA Portsmouth Yardstick Scheme 2007" (PDF). Royal Yachting Association. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
- ↑ Portsmouth tables Archived 16 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Olympics
- ↑ Asian Archived 25 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Worlds Archived 20 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ http://www.fdworlds2017.com/2017/09/29/day-6-final-results/
- ↑ "Flying Dutchman - World Championship 2018 - Medemblik NED - Final results - Gold for Bojsen-Möller/Bojsen-Möller DEN". sailing-news.com. 30 July 2018.
- ↑ European Archived 25 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Rodney Pattison retains Olympic Gold 1972". BBC. Retrieved 21 August 2008.
- ↑ Vintage
External links
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