List of enacting clauses

An enacting clause, or enacting formula, is a short phrase that introduces the main provisions of a law enacted by a legislature. It usually declares the source from which the law claims to derive its authority. In many countries, an enacting formula is not considered necessary and is simply omitted.

The simplest enacting clauses merely cite the legislature by which the law has been adopted; for example the enacting clause used in Australia since 1990 is "The Parliament of Australia enacts".[1] Alternatively an enacting clause may invoke the ultimate sovereign. For example, California, based on the principle of popular sovereignty, has the following enacting clause: "The People of the State of California do enact as follows."

National legislatures

Antigua and Barbuda

Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda:

"ENACTED by the Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda as follows:"

[2]

Argentina

Congress of Argentina:

"The Senate and House of Deputies of the Argentine Nation, in Congress assembled, ... enact or approve with the force of law:"

Spanish: "El Senado y Cámara de Diputados de la Nación Argentina, reunidos en Congreso,... decretan o sancionan con fuerza de ley."

Australia

Parliament of Australia:

"The Parliament of Australia enacts:"

[1]

For constitutional amendments passed at a referendum:[3]

"The Parliament of Australia, with the approval of the electors, as required by the Constitution, enacts:"

Before October 1990:

"BE IT ENACTED by the Queen [King], and the Senate and the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Australia, as follows:"

[4]

1901–?:

"BE IT ENACTED by the King's [Queen's] Most Excellent Majesty, the Senate and the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Australia, as follows:"

Austria

National Council:

"The National Council has enacted:"

German: "Der Nationalrat hat beschlossen:"

[5]

Barbados

Parliament of Barbados:

1969:

"BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Assembly of Barbados and by the authority of the same as follows:-"

[6]

Bahamas

Parliament of the Bahamas:

"Enacted by the Parliament of The Bahamas."

[7]

Belgium

In Belgium the enacting formula appears in the official journal (Belgisch Staatsbald/Moniteur belgue) when the law is promulgated and published, but is usually thereafter not included when the law is printed in compilations, or stored in internet databases, even official ones. The enacting clause is as follows.

N. (e.g. PHILIPPE), King of the Belgians: To all, present and to come, greeting. The Chambers have adopted and We sanction the following: (the articles of the law then follow. After the last article of the law the enacting formula continues). We promulgate the present law, order it to be sealed with the State Seal and published in the Moniteur belge/Belgisch Staatsbald

French: N. (PHILIPPE), Roi des Belges, A tous, présents et à venir, Salut. Les Chambres ont adopté et Nous sanctionnons ce qui suit (...) Promulguons la présente loi, ordonnons qu’elle soit revêtue du sceau de l’Etat et publiée par le Moniteur belge.

Nepali: N. (FILIP), Koning der Belgen, Aan allen die nu zijn en hierna wezen zullen, Onze Groet. De Kamers hebben aangenomen en Wij bekrachtigen hetgeen volgt (...) Kondigen deze wet af, bevelen dat zij met ’s Lands zegel zal worden bekleed en door het Belgisch Staatsblad zal worden bekendgemaakt.

Belize

Parliament of Belize:

"BE IT ENACTED, by and with the advice and consent of the House of Representatives and the Senate of Belize and by the authority of the same, as follows:-"

Brazil

National Congress of Brazil:

"THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC: I make it known that the National Congress decrees and I sanction the following Law:"

Portuguese: "O PRESIDENTE DA REPÚBLICA: Faço saber que o Congresso Nacional decreta e eu sanciono a seguinte Lei:"'

In Brazil the presidential assent to a bill is called "sanction". After passing both Houses of Congress (the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate), the final version of the bill, duly signed by the presiding officers of both Houses, is sent to the President of the Republic. The document is still called a "proposed law", with a bill number, and with the header "The National Congress decrees:" (In Portuguese: "O Congresso Nacional decreta:"). If the President approves the bill, a different copy of the act is prepared by the Presidency of the Republic, with the official number of the Law and the date of enactment of the law, and also with the replacement of the clause "The National Congress decrees:" with the above mentioned formula "THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC: I make it known that the National Congress decrees and I sanction the following Law:". The signatures of the presiding officers of Congress are therefore not present in this version of the act. This is the version of the statute that is published in the Official Journal and that is included in the statute books. When granting his approval to a bill, the President signs both the bill sent to him by Congress and the final version of the statute with the presidential enacting formula. The signed Bill is returned to Congress by means of a presidential message; the signed statute with the presidential enacting formula is printed in the Official Journal, and the original is thereafter sent to the National Archive. Thus, in Brazil, the President is always seen signing two different documents at bill signing ceremony (the two documents are called the "autographs"): one is the text of the proposed law, the other is the final text of the statute. Technically, the first signature (on the Bill) is the "sanction to the proposed law", that is, the approval of the bill, that transforms it in a Law, and the second signature (on the statute with the presidential enacting formula) is the promulgation, the announcement to the people that the Law has been adopted. While the signature of the President on the bill includes the addition of the formula "I sanction it" (in Portuguese: "Sanciono") above the signature, this is not seen in the final "promulgation" version of the statute. On the other hand, the promulgated statute contains not only the signature of the president, but also the countersignatures of his ministers principally charged with applying the law.

When the president vetoes a bill, and the veto is overridden, the Bill is returned by Congress to the President not for sanction (approval), but merely for promulgation. In that case, the president is expected to promulgate the bill in 48 hours. In that situation, the enacting formula that appears in the final text of the adopted statute is as follows:

"THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC: I make it known that the National Congress maintained and I promulgate the following Law:"

Portuguese: "O PRESIDENTE DA REPÚBLICA: Faço saber que o Congresso Nacional manteve e eu promulgo a seguinte Lei:"

Tacit sanction (i.e. implicit approval) is deemed to take place if the president fails to sign or veto a bill within the constitutionally mandated timeframe of fifteen working days from receiving the bill. Once the bill is considered implicitlly sanctioned, the president is expected to promulgate the new law and the same 48-hour timeframe applies. The formula in this case is:

"THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC: I make it known that the National Congress decrees and I promulgate the following Law:"

Portuguese: "O PRESIDENTE DA REPÚBLICA: Faço saber que o Congresso Nacional decreta e eu promulgo a seguinte Lei:"

Should the president refuse to promulgate, or fail to promulgate in the period of 48 hours, a bill, after his veto has been overridden by Congress, then the authority to promulgate the bill passes to the President of the Senate. In that case, the formula of promulgation is:

"The President of the FEDERAL SENATE promulgates, in accordance with art. 66 §7, of the Federal Constitution, the following Law, that results from bill vetoed by the President of the Republic and maintained by the National Congress:"

Portuguese: "O Presidente do SENADO FEDERAL promulga, nos termos do art. 66, § 7, da Constituição Federal, a seguinte Lei, resultante de Projeto vetado pelo Presidente da República e mantido pelo Congresso Nacional:"

Should the president of the Republic refuse to promulgate, or fail to promulgate in the period of 48 hours, a bill, after the bill has been implicitly sanctioned due to his failure to sign or veto it within the constitutionally mandated timeframe, then the authority to promulgate the bill passes to the President of the Senate. In that case, the formula of promulgation is:

"I make it known that the NATIONAL CONGRESS enacted, the President of the Republic, in accordance with the provisions of §3 of the art. 66 of the Constitution, sanctioned, and I, (NAME IN CAPITAL LETTERS), President of the Federal Senate, in accordance with the §7 of the same article, do promulgate the following Law:"

Portuguese: "Faço saber que o CONGRESSO NACIONAL aprovou, o Presidente da República, nos termos do § 3o do art. 66 da Constituição, sancionou, e eu, (NAME IN CAPITAL LETTERS), Presidente do Senado Federal, nos termos do § 7o do mesmo artigo promulgo a seguinte Lei:"

Whenever the president adopts a provisional measure and the provisional measure is approved by Congress with changes, a normal bill is sent to the president for approval or veto, and the same formulas used for other bills are employed; once enacted, the new statute replaces the provisional measure. However, if the provisional measure adopted by the president is approved by Congress without changes, the bill does not need to be presented for approval or veto; in that case, the law that both corresponds fully to the provisional measure and replaces it is promulgated directly by the President of the Senate, with the following words:

"I make it known that the President of the Republic adopted the Provisional Measure number NNN of YYYY, that the National Congress approved, and I, (NAME IN CAPITAL LETTERS), President of the Federal Senate, for the effects of the provision of the sole paragraph of art. 62 of the Federal Constitution, do promulgate the following Law:"

Portuguese: "Faço saber que o Presidente da República adotou a Medida Provisória no NN, de YYYY, que o Congresso Nacional aprovou e eu, (NAME IN CAPITAL LETTERS), Presidente do Senado Federal, para os efeitos do disposto no parágrafo único do art. 62 da Constituição Federal, promulgo a seguinte Lei:"

General Assembly of the Empire of Brazil (1822-1889)

Whenever the General Assembly of the Empire (made up of a Senate and of a Chamber of Deputies) passed a bill, a decree of the General Assembly containing the articles of the approved bill was sent to the Emperor for sanction or veto. The Decree of the General Assembly began with the following formula (that did not appear in the final version of the statute, after the imperial sanction): "The General Assembly decrees:" (in Portuguese: "A Assembleia Geral decreta:"). The decree was still only a proposed law, that would become an actual law if sanctioned by the Emperor. The General Assembly sent its decree to the Emperor for sanction or veto by means of a message with the words following: "The General Assembly sends to the Emperor the enclosed decree, that it considers advantageous, and useful to the Empire, and it asks that His Imperial Majesty may be pleased to grant it His sanction" (in Portuguese: "A Assembleia Geral dirige ao Imperador o decreto incluso, que julga vantajoso e útil ao Império, e pede a Sua Majestade Imperial, se digne dar a Sua sanção"). If the Emperor decided to sanction the decree, then he sent the message of the General Assembly back to the Legislature, adding after the text of the Decree of the General Assembly the following words, together with the date and his signature: ""The Emperor consents" (in Portuguese: "O Imperador consente"). Then, the Executive branch prepared a formal document to promulgate the new law, and this document was known in the imperial period as a Charter of Law (in Portuguese: Carta de Lei). It was the chartered version of the law that was included in the statute books and that was printed and published for the knowledge of the people. Thus, the Charter of Law was the final version of the statute as adopted. It was signed by the Emperor and countersigned by his responsible Ministers, and contained an enacting formula as follows:

NAME OF THE EMPEROR PRECEDED BY THE TITLE "DOM" (e.g. "DOM PETER THE SECOND"), by the grace of God and unanimous acclamation of the peoples, Constitutional Emperor and Perpetual Defender of Brazil: We make it known to all Our subjects that the General Assembly has decreed and We will the following law:

(the provisions of the Law then followed, and after the last article of the Law the text of the statute finished with a continuation of the enacting formula, as follows). We command, therefore, all the authorities whom the knowledge and execution of this present Law may concern, that they comply with it and that they make it be complied with and kept, as faithfully and as fully as provided herein. The Secretary of State of the Affairs of... (title of the responsible Minister of the Crown who countersigns the Act with the Emperor and who heads the Department principally charged with applying the Law) is to make this Law be printed, published and circulated. Given at the Palace of... on (day) of (month) of (year), in the (year) of the Independence and of the Empire.

Portuguese: NAME OF THE EMPEROR PRECEDED BY THE TITLE "DOM" (e.g. "DOM PEDRO SEGUNDO"), por graça de Deus e unânime aclamação dos povos, Imperador Constitucional e Defensor Perpétuo do Brasil: Fazemos saber a todos os Nossos súditos que a Assembleia Geral decretou e Nós queremos a seguinte lei:

(the provisions of the Law then followed, and after the last article of the Law the text of the statute finished with a continuation of the enacting formula, as follows) Mandamos, portanto, a todas as autoridades a quem o conhecimento e execução da referida lei pertencer, que a cumpram, e façam cumprir e guardar tão fiel e inteiramente como nela se contém. O Secretário de Estado dos Negócios... (title of the responsible Minister of the Crown who countersigns the Act with the Emperor and who heads the Department principally charged with applying the Law) a faça imprimir, publicar e correr. Dada no palácio... no (day) de (month) de (year), no (year) da Independência e do Império.

When the powers of the Emperor were discharged by Regents on behalf of the monarch the formula was as follows:

The Regency (or "The Regent"; or "The Princess Imperial Regent"), in the Name of His Majesty the Emperor, the Lord (name of the Emperor preceded by the title "Dom", e.g., "Dom Pedro II"), makes it known to all the subjects of the Empire that the General Assembly has decreed and it (or "He" or "She") sanctioned the following law:

(the provisions of the Law then followed, and after the last article of the Law the text of the statute finished with a continuation of the enacting formula, as follows). (He, She, It) commands, therefore, all the authorities whom the knowledge and execution of this present Law may concern, that they comply with it and that they make it be complied with and kept, as faithfully and as fully as provided herein. The Secretary of State of the Affairs of... (title of the responsible Minister of the Crown who countersigns the Act with the Regent and who heads the Department principally charged with applying the Law) is to make this Law be printed, published and circulated. Given at the Palace of... on (day) of (month) of (year), in the (year) of the Independence and of the Empire.

Portuguese: A Regência (or "O Regente; or "A Princesa Imperial Regente), em Nome de Sua Majestade o Imperador, o Senhor (name of the Emperor preceded by the title "Dom", e.g., "Dom Pedro II"), faz saber a todos os súditos do Império que a Assembleia Geral decretou e ela (or ele) sancionou a seguinte lei:

(the provisions of the Law then followed, and after the last article of the Law the text of the statute finished with a continuation of the enacting formula, as follows) Manda, portanto, a todas as autoridades a quem o conhecimento e execução da referida lei pertencer, que a cumpram, e façam cumprir e guardar tão fiel e inteiramente como nela se contém. O Secretário de Estado dos Negócios... (title of the responsible Minister of the Crown who countersigns the Act with the Regent and who heads the Department principally charged with applying the Law) a faça imprimir, publicar e correr. Dada no palácio... no (day) de (month) de (year), no (year) da Independência e do Império.

Canada

Parliament of Canada:

"Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows:"

French: "Sa Majesté, sur l'avis et avec le consentement du Sénat et de la Chambre des communes du Canada, édicte :"

[8]

The enacting clause for money bills differs. For example, in the Appropriation Act No. 4, 2015–16, it reads as follows:

MOST GRACIOUS SOVEREIGN,

Whereas it appears by message from His Excellency the Right Honourable (Governor General), Governor General and Commander-in-Chief of Canada, and the Estimates accompanying that message, that the sums mentioned below are required to defray certain expenses of the federal public administration, not otherwise provided for, for the financial year ending March 31, 2016, and for other purposes connected with the federal public administration;
May it therefore please Your Majesty, that it may be enacted, and be it enacted by the Queen’s Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, that:

[9]

French: TRÈS GRACIEUSE SOUVERAINE,

Attendu qu’il est nécessaire, comme l’indiquent le message de Son Excellence le très honorable David Johnston, gouverneur général et commandant en chef du Canada, et le budget des dépenses qui y est joint, d’allouer les crédits ci-dessous précisés pour couvrir certaines dépenses de l’administration publique fédérale faites au cours de l’exercice se terminant le 31 mars 2016 et auxquelles il n’est pas pourvu par ailleurs, ainsi qu’à d’autres fins d’administration publique,
Il est respectueusement demandé à Votre Majesté de bien vouloir édicter, sur l’avis et avec le consentement du Sénat et de la Chambre des communes du Canada, ce qui suit :

[10]

Chile

National Congress of Chile:

THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC: "Bearing in mind that the Hon. National Congress has given its approval to the following Bill ... And because I have seen fit to approve and sanction it; therefore it enacted and take effect as a law of the Republic"

Spanish: EL PRESIDENTE DE LA REPÚBLICA: "Teniendo presente que el H. Congreso Nacional ha dado su aprobación al siguiente proyecto de ley ... Y por cuanto he tenido a bien aprobarlo y sancionarlo; por tanto promúlguese y llévese a efecto como Ley de la República."

Colombia

Congress of Colombia:

"The Congress of Colombia, Decrees:"

Spanish: "El Congreso de Colombia, Decreta"

Denmark

The Danish Folketing:

"WE MARGRETHE THE SECOND, by the Grace of God Queen of Denmark, hereby proclaim: The Folketing has passed and We by Our consent have assented the following act:"

Danish: "VI MARGRETHE DEN ANDEN, af Guds Nåde Danmarks Dronning, gør vitterligt: Folketinget har vedtaget og Vi ved Vort samtykke stadfæstet følgende lov:"

Finland

Parliament of Finland (from 1917 onwards):

  • Ordinary Acts (enacted in accordance with § 72 of the Constitution):

"In accordance with the decision of Parliament, it is enacted:"

Finnish: "Eduskunnan päätöksen mukaisesti säädetään:"[11]

Swedish: "I enlighet med riksdagens beslut föreskrivs:"[12]

  • Acts containing a limited derogation from the Constitution (enacted in accordance with § 73 of the Constitution):

"In accordance with the decision of Parliament, made in accordance with § 73 of the Constitution, it is enacted:"

Finnish: "Eduskunnan päätöksen mukaisesti, joka on tehty perustuslain 73 §:ssä määrätyllä tavalla, säädetään:"[13]

Swedish: "I enlighet med riksdagens beslut, tillkommit på det sätt som bestäms i 73 § i grundlagen, föreskrivs:"[14]

Before 1917 (examples):

"His Majesty the Emperor has, in accordance with the humble submission by the Estates of Finland, while in Petergof, on 7 (20) of July, 1906, been pleased to Graciously ratify the following Election Act for the Grand Duchy of Finland:"

— (1906)

Finnish: "Hänen Majesteettinsa Keisari on, Suomenmaan Valtiosäätyjen alamaisesta esityksestä, Pietarhovissa ollessaan 7 (20) p:nä heinäkuuta 1906 suvainnut Armossa vahvistaa seuraavan vaalilain Suomen Suuriruhtinaanmaalle::—"[15]

"We Alexander the Third, by Grace of God the Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias, Czar of Poland, Grand Duke of Finland, etc., etc., etc., make it known: it is our will to hereby promulgate, in accordance with the humble submission of the Estates of Finland, the following Criminal Code for the Grand Duchy of Finland, on execution of which, as well as on enforcement of punishments, a special decree will be given"

Finnish: "Me Aleksander Kolmas, Jumalan Armosta, koko Venäjänmaan Keisari ja Itsevaltias, Puolanmaan Zsaari, Suomen Suuriruhtinas, y. m., y. m., y. m. Teemme tiettäväksi: Suomenmaan Valtiosäätyjen alamaisesta esityksestä tahdomme Me täten armosta vahvistaa seuraavan rikoslain Suomen Suuriruhtinaanmaalle, jonka voimaanpanemisesta, niinkuin myöskin rangaistusten täytäntöönpanosta erityinen asetus annetaan:"[16]

Fiji

Parliament of Fiji:

"ENACTED by the Parliament of the Republic of Fiji—"

France

Parliament of France:

"The National Assembly and the Senate have adopted,
The President of the Republic promulgates the law of which content follows:"

French: "L'Assemblée nationale et le Sénat ont adopté,
Le Président de la République promulgue la loi dont la teneur suit:"

Germany

Bundestag of Germany:

For acts which do not need the consent of the Bundesrat:

"The Bundestag has enacted the following Law. The constitutional rights of the Bundesrat have been observed"

German: "Der Bundestag hat folgendes Gesetz beschlossen. Die verfassungsmäßigen Rechte des Bundesrates sind gewahrt"

For acts which need the consent of the Bundesrat:

"The Bundestag, with the consent of the Bundesrat, has enacted the following Law"

German: "Der Bundestag hat mit Zustimmung des Bundesrates folgendes Gesetz beschlossen"

Greece

Hellenic Parliament:

According to the Constitution of Greece each law is approved by the parliament and promulgated by the President of the Republic.

"We, the President of the Hellenic Republic, do promulgate the following law approved by the parliament:..."

Greek: "Ο Πρόεδρος της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας εκδίδομε τον ακόλουθο νόμο που ψήφισε η βουλή:..."

Grenada

Parliament of Grenada:

"Be it enacted by the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Representatives of Grenada, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—"

India

Parliament of India:

"BE it enacted by Parliament in the [number of years since 1950] Year of the Republic of India as follows:—"

[17]

Ireland

Standard:

Since 1937:

"Be it enacted by the Oireachtas as follows:—"

Irish: "Achtaitear ag an Oireachtas mar a leanas:—"

[18]

1922-1937:

"Be it enacted by the Oireachtas of Saorstát Éireann as follows:—"

Irish: "Achtuigheadh Oireachtas Shaorstáit Éireann mar leanas:—"

[19]

For an act with a preamble:

Since 1937:

"Be it therefore enacted by the Oireachtas as follows:—"

Irish: "Achtuigheadh an tOireachtas ar an ábhar san mar leanas:—"

1922-1937:

"Be it therefore enacted by the Oireachtas of Saorstát Éireann as follows:—"

Irish: "Achtuigheadh Oireachtas Shaorstáit Éireann ar an ábhar san mar leanas:—"

Israel

Currently, Israel does not use enacting clauses in its final laws, but a pseudo-enacting clause is usually printed at the beginning of bills:

Hebrew: "מתפרסמת בזה הצעת חוק מטעם ...........:—"‎

"A bill made by ........... is published as follows:—"

However, the Law and Administration Ordinance did have an enacting clause:

Hebrew: "בתוקף הסמכות שנקבעה למועצת המדינה הזמנית בהכרזה על הקמת מדינת ישראל מיום ה' באייר תש"ח (14 במאי 1948) ובמנשר מאותו יום, מחוקקת בזה מועצת המדינה הזמנית לאמור:—"‎

"By virtue of the authority granted to the Provisional State Council in the Declaration of Establishment of the State of Israel dated 14 May 1948, and the Proclamation dated the same day, be it enacted by the Provisional State Council as follows:—"

Jamaica

Parliament of Jamaica:

"BE IT ENACTED by The Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Representatives of Jamaica, and by the authority of the same, as follows:-

[20]

Kiribati

Maneaba ni Maungatabu:

"MADE by the Maneaba ni Maungatabu and assented to by the Beretitenti."

Lebanon

Parliament of Lebanon:

"The Chamber of deputies has adopted,
The President of the Republic enacts the law of which content follows:"

Malaysia

Parliament of Malaysia:

Since 1998:

"ENACTED by the Parliament of Malaysia as follows:"

Malay: "DIPERBUAT oleh Parlimen Malaysia seperti yang berikut:"

Before 1998:

"BE IT ENACTED by the Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong with the advice and consent of the Dewan Negara and Dewan Rakyat in Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:–"

Malay: "MAKA INILAH DIPERBUAT UNDANG-UNDANG oleh Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong dengan nasihat dan persetujuan Dewan Negara dan Dewan Rakyat yang bersidang dalam Parlimen, dan dengan kuasa daripadanya, seperti berikut:–"

Malta

Parliament of Malta:

Since 1974:

"BE IT ENACTED by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the House of Representatives, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:"

Maltese: "Il-PRESIDENT, bil-parir u bil-kunsens tal-Kamra tad-Deputati,imlaqqgħa f’dan il-Parlament, u bl-awtorità tal-istess, ħarġet b’liġi danli ġej:"

Mexico

Congress of Mexico:

"The Congress of the United Mexican States decrees ..."

Moldova

Parliament of the Republic of Moldova:

"The Parliament adopts the present law"

Romanian: "Parlamentul adoptă prezenta lege"

Namibia

Parliament of the Republic of Namibia:

"BE IT ENACTED as passed by the Parliament, and assented to by the President, of the Republic of Namibia as follows:"

Nauru

Parliament of Nauru:

"Enacted by the Parliament of Nauru as follows:"

Netherlands

Estates-General of the Netherlands:

"We [name of sovereign], by the grace of God, [King/Queen] of the Netherlands, [Prince/Princess] of Orange-Nassau, etc. etc. etc.


To all who shall see this or hear it read, greetings! be it known:
Whereas We have considered that: [here follows a short recital of the Act's purpose];
Thus it is, that We, by the advice of the Council of State, and with the consent of the States General, have assented and understood as We hereby assent and understand:

[...text of law...]

[We] Require and command that these will be placed in the Official Bulletin of Acts and Decrees and that all ministries, authorities, governmental institutions and civil servants, whom it concerns, will diligently implement it.

Given at [location, be it in the Netherlands or abroad, and the date] [signed sovereign]"

The text in Dutch is:

"Wij [name of sovereign], bij de gratie Gods, [Koning/Koningin] der Nederlanden, [Prins/Prinses] van Oranje-Nassau, enz. enz. enz.


Allen, die deze zullen zien of horen lezen, saluut! doen te weten:
Alzo Wij in overweging genomen hebben, [here follows a short recital of the Act's purpose];
Zo is het, dat Wij, de Raad van State gehoord, en met gemeen overleg der Staten-Generaal, hebben goedgevonden en verstaan, gelijk Wij goedvinden en verstaan bij deze:

[...text of law...]

Lasten en bevelen dat deze in het Staatsblad zal worden geplaatst en dat alle ministeries, autoriteiten, colleges en ambtenaren wie zulks aangaat, aan de nauwkeurige uitvoering de hand zullen houden.

Gegeven te [location and date] [signed sovereign]"

New Zealand

Parliament of New Zealand:

"The Parliament of New Zealand enacts as follows:-"

[21]

1986–1999:

"BE IT ENACTED by the Parliament of New Zealand as follows:-"

[22]

Before 1986:

"BE IT ENACTED by the General Assembly of New Zealand in Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:-"

[23]

Nigeria

Nigerian National Assembly:

"Be it Enacted by the National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria as follows -"

[24]

Pakistan

Parliament of Pakistan:

Whereas it is expedient to [purpose of the enactment]

It is hereby enacted as follows:-

Papua New Guinea

National Parliament of Papua New Guinea

"Being an Act to [purpose of the enactment],

MADE by the National Parliament ..."

Paraguay

Congress of Paraguay:

"The Congress of the Paraguayan Nation approve with the force of law:"

"El Congreso de la Nación Paraguaya saciona con fuerza de Ley."

"Be it known as law of the Republic, be it published and inserted in Official Register.- The President of the Republic.:"

Spanish: "Téngase por ley de la República, publíquese e insértese en el registro oficial.-El Presidente de la República."

Philippines

Congress of the Philippines

1987 Constitution:

"We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of the Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution."

Bills:

"Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:-"

Joint Resolutions:

"Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:-"

Peru

Congress of Peru:

"The Congress of the Republic has given the following Law"

Spanish: "El Congreso de la Republica ha dado la Ley siguiente"

Portugal

Assembly of the Republic:

"The Assembly of the Republic decrees, in accordance with ...(citation of the provision or provisions of the Constitution empowering the Assembly to legislate regarding the subject matter of the Law)... of the Constitution, as follows: "

Portuguese: A Assembleia da República decreta, nos termos da ... (citation of the provision or provisions of the Constitution empowering the Assembly to legislate regarding the subject matter of the Law) ... da Constituição, o seguinte:

Romania

Parliament of Romania:

"The Parliament of Romania adopts the present law"

Romanian: "Parlamentul României adoptă prezenta lege"

1965–1989:

"The Great National Assembly of the Romanian Socialist Republic adopts the present law"

Romanian: "Marea Adunare Naţională a Republicii Socialiste România adoptă prezenta lege"

1948–1965:

"The Great National Assembly of the Romanian People's Republic adopts"

Romanian: "Marea Adunare Naţională a Republicii Populare Române adoptă"

1881–1947:

"[King's name],
By the grace of God and the nation's will, King of Romania,
To all present and future, good health:
The lawmaking assemblies have voted and adopted, and We approve what follows:"

Romanian: "[King's name],
Prin graţia lui Dumnezeu şi voinţa naţională, Rege al Romaniei,
La toţi de faţă şi viitori, sănătate:
Adunările legiuitoare au votat şi adoptat, iar Noi, sancţionăm ce urmează:"

South Africa

Parliament of South Africa: Since 27 April 1994:

"BE IT [THEREFORE] ENACTED by the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, as follows:—"

or

"PARLIAMENT of the Republic of South Africa [therefore] enacts as follows:—

[25] The Constitution of South Africa, not being a conventional Act of Parliament, does not contain an enacting formula per se. Its preamble does, however, contain the words

"We therefore, through our freely elected representatives, adopt this Constitution as the supreme law of the Republic".

In the context, "we" refers to the people of South Africa.

3 September 1984 to 27 April 1994:

For "general affairs" acts:

"BE IT [THEREFORE] ENACTED by the State President and the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, as follows:—"

For "own affairs" acts:

"BE IT [THEREFORE] ENACTED by the State President and the House of [Assembly/Representatives/Delegates] of the Republic of South Africa, as follows:—"

1 January 1981 to 3 September 1984:

"BE IT [THEREFORE] ENACTED by the State President and the House of Assembly of the Republic of South Africa, as follows:―"

31 May 1961 to 1 January 1981:

"BE IT [THEREFORE] ENACTED by the State President, the Senate and the House of Assembly of the Republic of South Africa, as follows:―"

For acts amending the entrenched clauses of the Constitution of 1961:

"BE IT ENACTED by the State President, the Senate and the House of Assembly of the Republic of South Africa in accordance with the requirements of section 118 of the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1961, as follows:―

31 May 1910 to 31 May 1961:

"BE IT [THEREFORE] ENACTED by the Queen's [King's] Most Excellent Majesty, the Senate and House of Assembly of the Parliament of the Union of South Africa, as follows:—"

For acts amending the entrenched clauses of the South Africa Act 1909:

"BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's [King's] Most Excellent Majesty, the Senate and the House of Assembly of the Union of South Africa, in accordance with the requirements of section one hundred and fifty-two of the South Africa Act, 1909, as follows:―"

Spain

Cortes Generales of Spain:

"[Name of the king/queen], [King/Queen] of Spain, to all whom these presents shall be seen or understood, BE IT KNOWN: That the Cortes Generales have approved and I do enact this Act as follows"

Spanish: "[Name of the king/queen], [Rey/Reina] de España, a todos los que la presente vieren y entendieren, sabed: Que las Cortes Generales han aprobado y Yo vengo en sancionar la siguiente Ley"

For Constitutions:

"[Name of the king/queen], [King/Queen] of Spain, to all whom these presents shall be seen or understood, BE IT KNOWN: That the Cortes Generales have approved and the people of Spain have ratified the following Constitution"

Spanish: "[Name of the king/queen], [Rey/Reina] de España, a todos los que la presente vieren y entendieren, sabed: Que las Cortes Generales han aprobado y el pueblo español ratificado la siguiente Constitución"

For organic acts:

"[Name of the king/queen], [King/Queen] of Spain, to all whom these presents shall be seen or understood, BE IT KNOWN: That the Cortes Generales have approved and I do enact this Organic Act as follows"

Spanish: "[Name of the king/queen], [Rey/Reina] de España, a todos los que la presente vieren y entendieren, sabed: Que las Cortes Generales han aprobado y Yo vengo en sancionar la siguiente Ley Orgánica"

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Parliament of Saint Kitts and Nevis:

"BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty by and with the advice and consent of the National Assembly of Saint Christopher and Nevis, and by the authority of the same as follows:-"

Saint Lucia

Parliament of Saint Lucia:

"BE IT ENACTED by the Queen’s Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the House of Assembly and the Senate of Saint Lucia, and by the authority of the same, as follows:"

[26]

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

House of Assembly of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:

"BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty by and with the advice and consent of the House of Assembly of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and by the authority of the same, as follows:-"

[27]

Singapore

Parliament of Singapore:

"Be it enacted by the President with the advice and consent of the Parliament of Singapore, as follows:"

[28]

Solomon Islands

National Parliament of the Solomon Islands:

"ENACTED by the National Parliament of Solomon Islands."

[29]

Swaziland

Parliament of Swaziland

"ENACTED by the King and the Parliament of Swaziland."

Switzerland

Swiss Federal Assembly:

"The Federal Assembly of the Swiss Confederation, pursuant to the articles ... of the Federal Constitution, having taken notice of the message of the Federal Council of ..., resolves:"[30]

German: "Die Bundesversammlung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft, gestützt auf die Artikel ... der Bundesverfassung, nach Einsicht in die Botschaft des Bundesrates vom ..., beschliesst:"

French: "L’Assemblée fédérale de la Confédération suisse, vu les art. ... de la Constitution, vu le message du Conseil fédéral du ..., arrête:"

Italian: "L’Assemblea federale della Confederazione Svizzera, visti gli articoli ... della Costituzione federale; visto il parere del Consiglio federale del ..., decreta:"

Thailand

National Assembly of Thailand:[31]

Constitution:

"May there be virtue. Today is the [day] day of the [month] month of the year of the [year] under the lunar calendar, being [weekday], the [day] day of [month] under the solar calendar, in the [year] Year of the Buddhist Era.

[Name of the King in full title] is graciously pleased to proclaim that..............[here follows a recital of the background for the constitution's enactment] ................................................................................................................................ .............[The submitting authority], therefore, submitted the draft charter to His Majesty to affix the royal signature to henceforth promulgate it as the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand. Having thoroughly considered by the King, the expedience to grant the royal permission [in accordance with the public opinion]. Be it, therefore, commanded by the King the enactment of this Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand replaces the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand which enacted on [date of enactment of the previous Constitution] as of the date of its publication, henceforth onwards. May the Thai People unite in observing, protecting and upholding this Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand in order to maintain the democratic regime and the sovereignty of the Thai people, and bring about happiness, prosperity and dignity to His Majesty’s subjects throughout the Kingdom according to the will of His Majesty in every respect."

Act:

"[Name of the King in brief title] is graciously pleased to proclaim that:

Whereas it is expedient to [have/amend/abrogate] [a/the] law on............ Be it, therefore, enacted by the King, by and with the advice and consent of the National Assembly, as follows:"

Royal Degree & Emergency Decree:

"[Name of the King in brief title] is graciously pleased to proclaim that:

Whereas it is expedient to [have/amend/abrogate] [a/the] law on............ Be it, therefore, enacted by the King, by the virtue of.........., the Royal Decree/Emergency Decree as follows:"

Royal Command:

"[Name of the King in brief title] is graciously pleased to proclaim that..............

Announced on the [day] Day of [month] BE [year], being the [regnal year] Year of the Present Reign."

Tuvalu

Parliament of Tuvalu:

"ENACTED by the Parliament of Tuvalu-

United Kingdom

Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland:

"BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's [King's] most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—"

[32]

For money bills:

"Most Gracious Sovereign

WE, Your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the Commons of the United Kingdom in Parliament assembled, towards raising the necessary supplies to defray Your Majesty's public expenses, and making an addition to the public revenue, have freely and voluntarily resolved to give and grant unto Your Majesty the several duties hereinafter mentioned; and do therefore most humbly beseech Your Majesty that it may be enacted, and be it enacted by the Queen's [King's] most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—"

[33]

Under the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949:

"BE IT ENACTED by The Queen's [King's] most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Commons in this present Parliament assembled, in accordance with the provisions of the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—"

[34]

There are also other miscellaneous enacting clauses, e.g. for the Chequers Estate Act 1917.[35]

United States

Congress of the United States

Bills:

"Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,"

[36]

Joint Resolutions (have the same effect as bills):

"Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,"

[37]

Vanuatu

Parliament of Vanuatu

"Be it enacted by the President and Parliament as follows"

Venezuela

National Assembly of Venezuela:

"The National Assembly of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela hereby Decrees"

Zimbabwe

Parliament of Zimbabwe:

"ENACTED by the President and the Parliament of Zimbabwe."

[38]

Former legislatures

"The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact,"

"It is hereby enacted as follows:—"

  • Parliament of Rhodesia:

1965–1969:

"BE IT ENACTED by His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, as representative of the Queen's [King's] Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Parliament of Rhodesia, as follows:—"[39]

Territorial legislatures

Hong Kong

  • Legislative Council of Hong Kong
    • Before 1997:
      • "BE it enacted by the Governor of Hongkong, with the advice of the Legislative Council thereof, as follows:-"[40]
      • "BE it enacted by the Governor of Hong Kong, with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council thereof, as follows:-(Chinese: "茲由香港總督參照立法局意見並得該局同意後，制定本條例，各條文如下：—")
      • "Enacted by the Governor of Hong Kong, with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council thereof."(Chinese: "由香港總督參照立法局意見並得該局同意而制定。")[41]
    • 1997–1998: "Enacted by the Provisional Legislative Council." (Chinese: "由臨時立法會制定。")
    • After 1998: "Enacted by the Legislative Council." (Chinese: "由立法會制定。")[42]

Macau

  • Legislative Assembly of Macau:
    • "The Legislative Assembly decrees, pursuant to the terms of article 71, paragraph 1) of the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region, that the following shall be enforced as law: -"
    • Chinese: "立法會根據《澳門特別行政區基本法》第七十一條(一)項，制定本法律。"[43]
    • Portuguese: "A Assembleia Legislativa decreta, nos termos da alínea 1) do artigo 71.º da Lei Básica da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau, para valer como lei, o seguinte: -"

British crown dependencies

  • Tynwald of the Isle of Man: "BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Council and Keys in Tynwald assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:–"[44]
  • States of Jersey: "THE STATES, subject to the sanction of Her Most Excellent Majesty in Council, have adopted the following Law –" (French: "LES ETATS, moyennant la sanction de Sa Très Excellente Majesté en Conseil, ont adopté la Loi suivante –")[45]
  • States of Guernsey: "THE STATES, in pursuance of their Resolution of DATE, have approved the following provisions which, subject to the Sanction of Her Most Excellent Majesty in Council, shall have force of law in the Bailiwick [or Island] of Guernsey."[46]

British overseas territories

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Subnational legislatures

Australia

Canada

New Zealand

Provincial councils (abolished in 1876)

  • Canterbury Provincial Council: "Be it enacted by the Superintendent of the Province of Canterbury, by and with the advice and consent of the Provincial Council thereof, as follows:—"

Philippines

Sangguniang Panlalawigan

  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Aklan: "BE IT ENACTED by the Honorable Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Aklan that:"[70]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Bataan: "BE IT ENACTED by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Bataan;"[71]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Bohol: "Be it enacted by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of the Province of Bohol in session duly assembled –"[72]
    • Resolutions: "BE IT RESOLVED, as it is hereby resolved by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of the Province of Bohol in session duly assembled –"[73]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Bukidnon: "BE IT ORDAINED by the Honorable Sangguniang Panlalawigan, Province of Bukidnon, this [day] of [month], in the Year of Our Lord, [year]:"[74]
    • Alternative: "BE IT ORDAINED, by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Bukidnon, this [day] of [month], in the Year of Our Lord, [year], that:"[75]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Bulacan: "Be it enacted by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in session assembled:"[76]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Cagayan: "NOW THEREFORE, be it resolved by this Body in session assembled to enact:"[77]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Camarines Norte: "BE IT ORDAINED by the Honorable Sangguniang Panlalawigan that:"[78]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Cavite: "Now therefore, be it enacted by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in session assembled that:"[79]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Cebu: "The Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Cebu, hereby ORDAINS, that:"[80]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Compostela Valley: "Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, Compostela Valley Province, in Session Assembled that:"[81]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Cotabato: "Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Cotabato in a regular session assembled, THAT:"[82]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Eastern Samar: "Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in its regular session duly assembled at the SP Session Hall, Legislative Building, Borongan, Eastern Samar on [date]."[83]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Ilocos Norte: "NOW, THEREFORE, Be it Ordained, that:"[84]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Iloilo: "BE IT RESOLVED, as it is hereby Resolved, by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan ng Iloilo to enact the following provincial ordinance:"[85]
    • Alternative: "BE IT ORDAINED, as it is hereby Ordained, by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in session assembled, that:"[86]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Isabela: "Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Isabela in its regular session duly assembled:"[87]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Leyte: "BE IT ORDAINED by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in session assembled,"[88]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Misamis Occidental: "Be it ordained, by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Misamis Occidental in Session that:"[89]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Northern Samar: "BE IT ORDAINED by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in session assembled:"[90]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Nueva Vizcaya: "Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in session assembled that:"[91]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Pampanga: "BE IT ORDAINED BY THE SANGGUNIANG PANLALAWIGAN OF PAMPANGA, in session assembled:"[92]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Pangasinan: "Be it enacted by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Pangasinan in session assembled:"[93]
    • Resolutions: "RESOLVED, by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in session assembled"[94]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Rizal: "Be it enacted by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan ng Rizal in a session duly assembled that:"[95]
    • Alternative: "Be it enacted by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Rizal in Session Assembled:"[96]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Samar: "RESOLVED, as it is hereby resolved, to enact the following:"[97]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of South Cotabato: "Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of South Cotabato that:"[98]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Southern Leyte: "Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in session assembled."[99]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Zambales: "Now therefore, be it enacted, as it is hereby enacted, by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Zambales in a session herein assembled, by virtue of the powers vested in it by law, that:"[100]
    • Alternative: "BE IT ORDAINED by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Zambales in session assembled that –"[101]
  • Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Zamboanga del Norte: "Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Zamboanga del Norte in session assembled"[102]

Other legislatures

United Kingdom

Devolved institutions

  • Northern Ireland Assembly: "BE IT ENACTED by being passed by the Northern Ireland Assembly and assented to by Her [His] Majesty as follows:"[107]
  • Scottish Parliament: Acts of the Scottish Parliament do not begin with a conventional enacting clause. Instead they begin with a phrase that reads: "The Bill for this Act of the Scottish Parliament was passed by the Parliament on [Date] and received Royal Assent on [Date]"[108]
  • National Assembly for Wales:
Acts in the English Language: "Having been passed by the National Assembly for Wales and having received the assent of Her Majesty, it is enacted as follows:—"[109]
Acts in the Welsh Language: "Gan ei fod wedi ei basio gan Gynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru a chael cysyniad Ei Mawrhydi, deddfir fel a ganlyn:—"
Measures in the English Language: "This Measure, passed by the National Assembly for Wales on [Date] and approved by Her Majesty in Council on [Date], enacts the following provisions:—"[110]
Measures in the Welsh Language: "Mae'r Mesur hwn, a basiwyd gan Gynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru ar [Dyddiad] ac a gymeradwywyd gan Ei Mawrhydi yn Ei Chyngor ar [Dyddiad], yn deddfu'r darpariaethau a ganlyn:—"
Former legislatures
  • Parliament of Northern Ireland (1921–1972): "BE it enacted by the Queen's [King's] most Excellent Majesty, and the Senate and the House of Commons of Northern Ireland in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:-"

United States

State legislatures

D.C. council and territorial legislatures

References

  1. 1 2 Parliament of Australia (2012-05-26). "Family Assistance and Other Legislation Amendment (Schoolkids Bonus Budget Measures) Bill 2012" (PDF).
  2. ↑ Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda (2011). "The Procurement and Contract Administration Act, 2011" (PDF).
  3. ↑ CONSTITUTION ALTERATION (ESTABLISHMENT OF REPUBLIC) 1999 (Cth)
  4. ↑ Air Navigation Amendment Act 1989 (Cth)
  5. ↑ "Zahlungsdienstegesetz 2018". Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich. 24 April 2018.
  6. ↑ 1969 Companies Act., The Official Gazette of the Government of Barbados.
  7. ↑ Parliament of the Bahamas (2012). "INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2012" (PDF).
  8. ↑ Fair and Efficient Criminal Trials Act, S.C. 2011, c. 16
  9. ↑ Appropriation Act No. 4, 2015–16, S.C. 2015, c. 42
  10. ↑ Loi de crédits no 4 pour 2015-2016, S.C. 2015, c. 42
  11. ↑ E.g. Postilaki Finlex. Retrieved: 2011-07-08.
  12. ↑ E.g. Postlag Finlex. Retrieved: 2011-07-08.
  13. ↑ E.g. Valmiuslaki Finlex. Retrieved: 2018-07-03.
  14. ↑ E.g. Beredskapslag Finlex. Retrieved: 2018-07-03.
  15. ↑ Vaalilaki Finlex. Retrieved: 2011-07-08.
  16. ↑ Rikoslaki Finlex. Retrieved: 2011-07-16.
  17. ↑ Parliament of India (2012). "THE APPROPRIATION (RAILWAYS) No. 3 BILL, 2012" (PDF).
  18. ↑ Technological Universities Act 2018 (Public Act No. 3 of 2018). Act of the Irish Parliament.
  19. ↑ Central Fund Act, 1933 (Public Act No. 1 of 1933). Act of the Irish Parliament.
  20. ↑ Parliament of Jamaica (2010). "Agricultural Development Corporation (Change of Name) Act, 2010" (PDF).
  21. ↑ Parliament of New Zealand (2007). "Animal Products Amendment Act 2007" (PDF). New Zealand Legal Information Institute.
  22. ↑ Parliament of New Zealand (1990). "Area Health Boards Amendment Act 1990" (PDF). New Zealand Legal Information Institute.
  23. ↑ Parliament of New Zealand (1935). "Area Health Boards Amendment Act 1935" (PDF). New Zealand Legal Information Institute.
  24. ↑ Nigerian National Assembly (June 7, 2000). "National Minimum Wage (Amendment) Act 2000". Retrieved July 20, 2012.
  25. ↑ Parliament of South Africa (2012). "Division of Revenue Act" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-06. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
  26. ↑ Parliament of Saint Lucia (2006). "Disaster Management Act 2006" (PDF). Retrieved July 20, 2012.
  27. ↑ House of Assembly of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2007). "Electronic Transactions Act, 2007" (PDF). Retrieved July 20, 2012.
  28. ↑ "Constitution of the Republic of Singapore".
  29. ↑ National Parliament of the Solomon Islands (2010). "National Parliament Electoral Provisions (Amendment) Act 2010" (PDF). Retrieved July 20, 2012.
  30. ↑ Gesetzestechnische Richtlinien des Bundes (GTR) Archived 2009-03-27 at the Wayback Machine., 2003, p. 18(in German)
  31. ↑ ปวีณ ณ นคร. (2543). เทคนิคการร่างกฎหมาย. กรุงเทพฯ : สวัสดิการสำนักงาน ก.พ.
  32. ↑ UK Parliament. Academies Act 2010 as amended (see also enacted form), from legislation.gov.uk.
  33. ↑ UK Parliament. Finance Act 2010 as amended (see also enacted form), from legislation.gov.uk.
  34. ↑ UK Parliament. War Crimes Act 1991 as amended (see also enacted form), from legislation.gov.uk.
  35. ↑ UK Parliament. Chequers Estate Act 1917 as amended (see also enacted form), from legislation.gov.uk.
  36. ↑ The Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2011 Pub.L. 112–7, 125 Stat. 31
  37. ↑ H.J.Res. 1 (112th United States Congress)
  38. ↑ Parliament of Zimbabwe (2008). "Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 19) Act, 2008" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-29. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
  39. ↑ http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Rhodesia_1969.pdf
  40. ↑ "Promissory Oaths Ordinance(No 2 of 1887)". HKLII. 15 February 1887.
  41. ↑ Legislative Council of Hong Kong (1989). "Drug Trafficking (Recovery of Proceeds) Ordinance" (PDF). Retrieved October 28, 2017.
  42. ↑ Legislative Council of Hong Kong (2010). "Arbitration Ordinance" (PDF). Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  43. ↑ Legislative Assembly of Macau (1999). "Law No. 3/1999". Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  44. ↑ Tynwald (2011). "Debt Recovery and Enforcement Act 2011" (PDF). Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  45. ↑ States of Jersey (June 15, 2012). "Gambling (Jersey) Law 2012". Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  46. ↑ States of Guernsey (May 31, 2000). "Appointments Board (Repeal) (Guernsey) Law, 2000". Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  47. ↑ The Montserrat Constitution Order 2010 (Statutory Instrument 2010/2474)
  48. ↑ http://www.sainthelena.gov.sh/data/files/consultation_document.pdf%5Bpermanent+dead+link%5D
  49. ↑ Crimes Legislation Amendment Bill 2010 (ACT)
  50. ↑ Appropriation (Parliament) Act 2007 (NSW)
  51. ↑ Appropriation Act 2005–2006 (NT)
  52. ↑ Child Protection (International Measures) Act 2003 (Qld)
  53. ↑ Correctional Services (Miscellaneous) Amendment Act 2007 (SA)
  54. ↑ Daylight Saving Act 2007 (Tas)
  55. ↑ Courts Legislation Amendment (Associate Judges) Bill 2008 (Vic)
  56. ↑ Carers Recognition Act 2004 (WA)
  57. ↑ Alberta Health Act, S.A. 2010, c. A-19.5
  58. ↑ Access to Abortion Services Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 1 (Access to Abortion Services Act at Queen's Printer)
  59. ↑ The Protecting Affordability for University Students Act (Council on Post-Secondary Education Act Amended), S.M. 2012, c. 4
  60. ↑ An Act to Dissolve the Saint John Harbour Bridge Authority, S.N.B. 2011, c. 1
  61. ↑ Commissioners for Oaths (Amendment) Act, S.N.L. 2010, c. 5
  62. ↑ An Act to Amend the Student Financial Assistance Act, S.N.W.T. 2012, c. 7
  63. ↑ Appropriations Act, 2012, S.N.S. 2012, c. 1
  64. ↑ An Act to Amend the Integrity Act, S.Nu. 2012, c. 5
  65. ↑ Taxation Amendment Act, 2012, S.O. 2012, c. 9
  66. ↑ Police Act, RSPEI 1988, c. P-11.1
  67. ↑ An Act respecting the sectoral parameters of certain fiscal measures, S.Q. 2012, c. 1
  68. ↑ The Litter Control Amendment Act, 2010, S.S. 2011, c. 8
  69. ↑ First Appropriation Act, 2011–12, S.Y. 2011, c. 1
  70. ↑ Province of Aklan. (Promulgated: September 17, 2009). GENERAL ORDINANCE NO. 2009-005: “AN ORDINANCE ENACTING THE ENVIRONMENT CODE OF AKLAN”. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  71. ↑ Province of Bataan. (Promulgated: November 8, 2004). RESOLUTION NO. 151: APPROVING ORDINANCE NO. 23 – “AN ORDINANCE TO IMPLEMENT AND ENFORCE THE PROVISIONS OF R.A. 9208, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE ANTI-TRAFFICKING ACT OF 2003 AND ITS IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.”. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  72. ↑ Province of Bohol. (Promulgated: August 1, 2014). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 2014-015: ENACTING THE REVISED BOHOL INVESTMENT CODE. Retrieved June 19, 2016
  73. ↑ Province of Bohol. (Promulgated: October 18, 2013). RESOLUTION NO. 2013-454: REITERATING AND CONFIRMING THE DECLARATION OF A STATE OF CALAMITY IN THE ENTIRE PROVINCE OF BOHOL. Retrieved June 19, 2016
  74. ↑ Province of Bukidnon. (Promulgated: January 20, 2014). Ordinance no 2012-005R (12th SP). Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  75. ↑ Province of Bukidnon. (Promulgated: July 27, 2011). Ordinance No. 2011-029R(11thSP) - An ordinance mandating certain establishment in the province to install CCTV cameras or other video monitoring devices and providing pelaties for the violation thereof-. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  76. ↑ Province of Bulacan. (Promulgated: February 19, 2007). ORDINANCE NO. C-004: AN ORDINANCE ENACTING THE NEW PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF BULACAN. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  77. ↑ Province of Cagayan. (Promulgated: June 9, 2003). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 08-2003: AN ORDINANCE ADOPTING AND APPROVING THE PROPOSED REVISED SCHEDULE OF FAIR MARKET VALUES OF LAND AND SCHEDULE OF BASE UNIT CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES LOCATED WITHIN THE PROVINCE. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  78. ↑ Province of Camarines Norte. (Promulgated: December 15, 2011). RESOLUTION NO. 459-2011: A RESOLUTION ADOPTING APPROPRIATION ORDINANCE NO. 55-2011, AUTHORIZING THE ANNUAL BUDGET FOR CALENDAR YEAR 2012 Archived 2016-06-30 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  79. ↑ Province of Cavite. (Promulgated: April 10, 2012). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 007-2012: AN ORDINANCE PROHIBITING, REGULATING AND PRESCRIBING CERTAIN USES OF PLASTICS FOR GOODS AND COMMODITIES THAT END UP AS RESIDUAL WASTES AND PROMOTING THE USE OF ECO BAGS AND OTHER ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY PRACTICES AS AN ALTERNATIVE, AND PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION THEREOF. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  80. ↑ Province of Cebu. (Promulgated: March 16, 2015). ORDINANCE NO. 2015-04: A PROVINCE CODE PURSUING A PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) APPROACH TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT, PROVIDING FOR THE PROCEDURE FOR SELECTING THE PRIVATE SECTOR PROPONENT, ADOPTING A CONTRACT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK, AND PROVIDING APPROPRIATIONS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  81. ↑ Province of Compostela Valley. (Promulgated: January 30, 2008). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 1: “AN ORDINANCE INSTITUTIONALIZING AND STRENGTHENING PUROK ORGANIZATIONS IN ALL BARANGAYS IN THE PROVINCE OF COMPOSTELA VALLEY, DEFINING POWERS, AND FUNCTIONS THEREOF, AS WELL AS PROVIDING GUIDELINES IN THE MANNER OF CREATION AND ELECTION OF OFFICIALS THEREFOR” Archived 2016-06-04 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  82. ↑ Province of Cotabato. (Promulgated: October 19, 2010). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 480: AN ORDINANCE ADOPTING THE 2010 SCHEDULE OF FAIR MARKET VALUES OF REAL PROPERTIES AS THE BASIS FOR THE CLASSIFICATION, APPRAISAL AND ASSESSMENT OF REAL PROPERTIES LOCATED IN THE SEVENTEEN (17) MUNICIPALITIES OF THE PROVINCE OF COTABATO. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  83. ↑ Province of Eastern Samar. (Promulgated: October 19, 2009). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 02, SERIES OF 2009: AN ORDINANCE ENACTING THE SCHEDULE OF FAIR MARKET VALUES FOR THE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF REAL PROPERTIES IN THE PROVINCE OF EASTERN SAMAR FOR CY 2010 GENERAL REVISION OF ASSESSMENT AND PROPERTY CLASSIFICATION. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  84. ↑ Province of Ilocos Norte. (Promulgated: February 18, 2008.) PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 016-2008: AN ORDINANCE AMENDING PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 82-97, ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE GOVERNING RABIES CONTROL IN THE PROVINCE OF ILOCOS NORTE". Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  85. ↑ Province of Iloilo. (Promulgated: April 21, 2015). RESOLUTION NO. 2015-146: RESOLUTION EMBODYING PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 2015-120, “SANITATION CODE OF THE PROVINCE OF ILOILO”. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  86. ↑ Province of Iloilo. (Promulgated: May 22, 2007). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 2007-068: AN ORDINANCE PROTECTING AND PROMOTING ANIMAL WELFARE PURSUANT TO AND IN LINE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT 8485 OR THE ANIMAL WELFARE ACT OF 1998 Archived 2012-03-16 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  87. ↑ Province of Isabela. (Promulgated: March 25, 2008). ORDINANCE NO. 03, Series of 2008: AN ORDINANCE ENACTING THE NEW REVISION OF THE 1999 REVISED SCHEDULE OF FAIR MARKET VALUE OF REAL PROPERTIES FOR THE THIRTY FIVE (35) MUNICIPALITIES AND THE CITY OF CAUAYAN, PROVINCE OF ISABELA. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  88. ↑ Province of Leyte. (Promulgated: August 14, 2007). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 07-04: An Ordinance Approving the General Revision No. 13 – Consisting of the Schedule of Base Market Values For Agricultural, Residential, Commercial and Industrial Lands, Buildings and Improvements Thereon, in the Province of Leyte. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  89. ↑ Province of Misamis Occidental. (Promulgated: May 16, 2003). Ordinance No. 04-03: AN ORDINANCE ENACTING THE MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL AGRICULTURE CODE. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  90. ↑ Province of Northern Samar. (Promulgated: August 1, 2008). ORDINANCE NO. 09, Series of 2008: AN ORDINANCE PRESCRIBING GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS ONTHE OPERATION AND SERVICES OF INTERNET CAFÉ AND OTHER SIMILAR ESTABLISHMENTS FOR THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  91. ↑ Province of Nueva Vizcaya. (Promulgated: March 19, 2012). PROVINCIAL APPROPRIATION ACT NO. 2012-01: AN ORDINANCE ENACTING THE LOCAL EXPENDITURE PROGRAM OF THE PROVINCE OF NUEVA VIZCAYA FOR FISCAL YEAR 2012 AND APPROPRIATING THE AMOUNT OF SEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY SIX MILLION EIGHT HUNDRED NINETY FOUR THOUSAND FORTY NINE PESOS AND 32/100 (P786,894,089.32) Archived 2016-07-01 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  92. ↑ Province of Pampanga. (Promulgated: February 7, 2005). ORDINANCE NO. 2: AN ORDINANCE ENACTING THE PAMPANGA INVESTMENT CODE OF 2005. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  93. ↑ Province of Pangasinan. (Promulgated: May 19, 2014). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 178-2014: AN ORDINANCE ESTABLISHING A PROVINCIAL COUNCIL OF SENIOR CITIZENS AND PERSONS WITH DISABILITY IN PANGASINAN, FURTHER AMENDING PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 74-98, “ESTABLISHING A PROVINCIAL COUNCIL OF THE ELDERLY IN PANGASINAN”. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  94. ↑ Province of Pangasinan. (Promulgated: September 20, 2014). PROVINCIAL RESOLUTION NO. 450-2014: URGING THE LEAGUE OF PROVINCES TO ENCOURAGE ALL PROVINCES TO ESTABLISH THEIR RESPECTIVE PROVINCIAL OVERSEAS FOREIGN WORKERS’ DESK. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  95. ↑ Province of Rizal. (Promulgated: March 24, 2014). ORDINANCE NO. 005, s. 2014: AN ORDINANCE ESTABLISHING THE YNARES AWARD FOR RESILIENT AND SELF-RELIANT YOUTH ("YNARES YOUTH"), DEFINING ITS FRAMEWORK, MANAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION AND APPROPRIATING THE NECESSARY FUNDS THEREFORE, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  96. ↑ Province of Rizal. (Promulgated: December 12, 2011). APPROPRIATION ORDINANCE NO. 018, S. 2011: AN ORDINANCE APPROPRIATING FUNDS FOR THE OPERATION OF THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF RIZAL FROM JANUARY ONE TO DECEMBER 31 TWO THOUSAND AND ELEVEN AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  97. ↑ Province of Samar. (Promulgated: September 25, 2003). ORDINANCE NO. 541: AN ORDINANCE IMPOSING A FIFTY (50) - YEAR MORATORIUM ON THE CONDUCT OF LARGE SCALE MINING OPERATIONS IN THE PROVINCE OF SAMAR AND PROVIDING EXEMPTIONS, PENALTIES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES THEREOF. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  98. ↑ Province of South Cotabato. (Promulgated: June 9, 2010). ORDINANCE NO. 04, Series of 2010: AN ORDINANCE PROVIDING FOR THE ENVIRONMENT CODE OF THE PROVINCE OF SOUTH COTABATO. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  99. ↑ Province of Southern Leyte. (Promulgated: February 23, 2009). ORDINANCE NO. 2009-01: AN ORDINANCE AMENDING THE PROVINCIAL TAX CODE, TO INCORPORATE THEREIN THE NEW SCHEDULE OF MARKET VALUES FOR THE PROVINCE OF SOUTHERN LEYTE. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  100. ↑ Province of Zambales. (Promulgated: June 8, 2015). PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 28, Series of 2015: AN ORDINANCE FOR THE PROVINCIAL COAST WATCH SURVEILLANCE AND ENVIRONMENT MONITORING SYSTEM IN THE PROVINCE OF ZAMBALES. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  101. ↑ Province of Zambales. (Promulgated: January 13, 2014). ORDINANCE NO. 2014-02: AN ORDINANCE CREATING THE ZAMBALES TOURISM CODE, ESTABLISHING THE ZAMBALES TOURISM COUNCIL, REORGANIZING THE PROVINCIAL TOURISM AND INVESTMENT PROMOTIONS OFFICE AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Archived 2014-07-04 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  102. ↑ Province of Zamboanga del Norte. (Promulgated: August 15, 2011). ORDINANCE NO. ZN-11-128: AN ORDINANCE PROTECTING AND CONSERVING THE INTEGRITY OF THE LAND AND WATER RESOURCES IN ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  103. ↑ Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. (Promulgated: June 18, 2013). Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Act No. 304: AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A REGIONAL CIVIL SERVICE LAW IN THE AUTONOMOUS REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  104. ↑ Metro Manila Council. (Promulgated: January 21, 2010). MMDA Regulation No. 10-001, Series of 2010: FURTHER AMENDING MMDA REGULATION NO. 96-005 BY INCREASING THE FILING AND PROCESSING FEES FOR THE ISSUANCE OF UNIFIED VEHICULAR VOLUME REDUCTION PROGRAM (UVVRP) EXEMPTION CERTIFICATE. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  105. ↑ Metro Manila Council. (Promulgated: March 4, 2004). MMDA Regulation No. 04-002, Series of 2004: BANNING HORN TOOTING ALONG EDSA AND OTHER MAJOR THOROUGHFARES OF METRO MANILA. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  106. ↑ Metro Manila Council. (Promulgated: January 1, 1995). MMA Ordinance No. 1, Series of 1995: AN ORDINANCE APPROPRIATING THE SUM OF ONE BILLION, ONE HUNDRED SEVENTY THREE MILLION, SIX HUNDRED SEVENTY SEVEN THOUSAND, SEVEN HUNDRED SIX PESOS (₱1,173,677,706.00) FOR THE OPERATION OF THE METROPOLITAN MANILA AUTHORITY DURING THE PERIOD FROM JANUARY ONE TO DECEMBER THIRTY ONE, NINETEEN HUNDRED AND NINETY FIVE AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  107. ↑ Northern Ireland Assembly. "Charities Act (Northern Ireland) 2008". Retrieved July 22, 2012.
  108. ↑ Scottish Parliament (November 16, 2005). "Licensing (Scotland) Act 2005". Retrieved July 22, 2012.
  109. ↑ National Assembly for Wales. "Local Government Byelaws (Wales) Bill" (PDF). Retrieved July 22, 2012.
  110. ↑ National Assembly for Wales (May 10, 2011). "Education (Wales) Measure 2011". Retrieved July 22, 2012.
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