Ambidensovirus

Ambidensovirus
Virus classification
Group: Group II (ssDNA)
Order: Unassigned
Family: Parvoviridae
Subfamily: Densovirinae
Genus: Ambidensovirus
Type species
Lepidopteran ambidensovirus 1

The virus genus Ambidensovirus belongs to the Densovirinae subfamily which belongs to the Parvoviridae family. The viruses of this genus are single-stranded DNA viruses. This genus infects invertebrates, including insects, crustacea and echinoderms. There are currently eleven species in this genus including the type species Lepidopteran ambidensovirus 1.[1][2]

Taxonomy

Group: ssDNA

[2]

Densovirus capsid homo60mer, Decapod penstyldensovirus 1

Structure

Virions consist of non-enveloped capsids that have a round appearance and display icosahedral symmetry.[3] The virions each have an isometric (and therefore spherical) nucleocapsid with a diameter of either 18–22 nm or 20–26 nm.[3] Sixty capsomers are present in each capsid.[3] The structure of each capsomer is described as "a quadrilateral 'kite-shaped' wedge"; the surface is said to have a rough appearance with small projections.[3][4] The center of capsids are sometimes visualized as appearing dark due to stain penetration in preparations where only a single species is retrieved. The virions do not appear to contain lipids. The buoyant density (in CsCl) of the virions is 1.4–1.44 g cm−3.[3]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
AmbidensovirusIcosahedralT=1Non-envelopedLinearSegmented

Genome

Ambidensoviruses have non-segmented genomes that contain a 5-6 kb linear ambisense single-stranded DNA and long inverted terminal repeats (550 bp). The ambisense genome encodes proteins on both the positive and negative sense strands,[1][5][6] Densoviruses use transcriptional regulation and post-transcriptional modification to produce different nonstructural proteins and structural proteins (VP).[7][4][6]

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which may be mediated by clathrin-mediated endocytosis[1] or clathrin-independent dynamin-dependent endocytosis.[8] Replication follows the rolling-hairpin model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. Insects serve as the natural host.[1]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
AmbidensovirusInsectsVariableReceptor-mediated endocytosisuncertainNucleusNucleusUnknown

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  2. 1 2 ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2017 Release". Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Densovirinae". ICTVdB—The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
  4. 1 2 Simpson AA, Chipman PR, Baker TS, Tijssen P, Rossmann MG (November 1998). "The structure of an insect parvovirus (Galleria mellonella densovirus) at 3.7 A resolution". Structure. 6 (11): 1355–67. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(98)00136-1. PMC 4167665. PMID 9817847.
  5. ↑ Pham HT, Huynh OT, Jousset FX, Bergoin M, Tijssen P (August 2013). "Junonia coenia Densovirus (JcDNV) Genome Structure". Genome Announcements. 1 (4). doi:10.1128/genomeA.00591-13. PMC 3738899. PMID 23929483.
  6. 1 2 Dumas B, Jourdan M, Pascaud AM, Bergoin M (November 1992). "Complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned infectious genome of Junonia coenia densovirus reveals an organization unique among parvoviruses". Virology. 191 (1): 202–22. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(92)90182-O. PMID 1413502.
  7. ↑ Bruemmer A, Scholari F, Lopez-Ferber M, Conway JF, Hewat EA (April 2005). "Structure of an insect parvovirus (Junonia coenia Densovirus) determined by cryo-electron microscopy". Journal of Molecular Biology. 347 (4): 791–801. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.02.009. PMID 15769470.
  8. ↑ Wang Y, Gosselin Grenet AS, Castelli I, Cermenati G, Ravallec M, Fiandra L, Debaisieux S, Multeau C, Lautredou N, Dupressoir T, Li Y, Casartelli M, Ogliastro M (November 2013). "Densovirus crosses the insect midgut by transcytosis and disturbs the epithelial barrier function". Journal of Virology. 87 (22): 12380–91. doi:10.1128/JVI.01396-13. PMC 3807927. PMID 24027326.

Further reading

  • Hewson I, Button JB, Gudenkauf BM, Miner B, Newton AL, Gaydos JK, et al. (December 2014). "Densovirus associated with sea-star wasting disease and mass mortality". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 111 (48): 17278–83. doi:10.1073/pnas.1416625111. PMC 4260605. PMID 25404293.
  • "Ambidensovirus". Viralzone.
  • "Virus Taxonomy". ICTV.
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