Bacilladnavirus

Bacilladnavirus
Virus classification
Group: Group II (ssDNA)
Order: Unassigned
Family: Unassigned
Genus: Bacilladnavirus
Type species

Chaetoceros salsugineum DNA virus 01

Bacilladnavirus is a genus of single stranded DNA viruses. Species in this genus infect diatoms.[1] The name is derived from the phrase: ssDNA virus infecting Bacillariophytes.[2] Although other single-stranded DNA viruses which infect diatoms have been discovered (Chaetoceros debilis DNA virus (CdebDNAV), C. tenuissimus DNA virus (CtenDNAV), C. lorenzianus DNA virus (ClorDNAV), C. sp. strain TG07-C28 DNA virus (Csp05DNAV), C. setoensis DNA virus (CsetDNAV), and Thalassionema nitzschioides DNA virus (TnitDNAV)), the only species officially classified in this genus is Chaetoceros salsugineum DNA virus 01 (CsalDNAV01.)[2][3][4] In addition, 4 genomes of uncultured bacilladnaviruses have been sequenced directly from environmental samples.[5][6] It was suggested that the family Bacilladnaviridae be used to classify these viruses, but its official approval by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses is pending.[3][5]

Genome

The genome of these viruses appears to be unique. It consists of a single molecule of covalently closed circular single stranded DNA of 4.5-6 kilobases as well as a segment of linear ssDNA of ~1 kilobase. The linear segment is complementary to a portion of the closed circle creating a partially double stranded region.

There are at least three major open reading frames. Similar to other eukaryotic ssDNA viruses, bacilladnaviruses are likely to replicate their genomes by the rolling-circle mechanism, initiated by the virus-encoded endonuclease (Rep). However, the latter protein of bacilladnaviruses displays unique conserved motifs and in phylogenetic trees forms a monophyletic clade separated from other groups of ssDNA viruses.[5] The capsid protein of bacilladnaviruses has the jelly-roll fold and is most closely related to the corresponding proteins from members of the family Nodaviridae, which have ssRNA genomes.[5]

Virology

These viruses have been isolated from diatoms of the genus Chaetoceros.[7][1]

The virions are ~34 nanometers (nm) in diameter.

The virions accumulate in the nucleus.

Mature virions are released by lysis of the host.

References

  1. 1 2 Tomaru, Y; Takao, Y; Suzuki, H; Nagumo, T; Koike, K; Nagasaki, K (2011). "Isolation and Characterization of a Single-Stranded DNA Virus Infecting Chaetoceros lorenzianus Grunow". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (15): 5285–5293. doi:10.1128/AEM.00202-11. PMC 3147440. PMID 21666026.
  2. 1 2 ICTV proposals 2009.002a-fF et al., Yuji Tomaru, Keizo Nagasaki. Accessed on line Nov. 20, 2015.
  3. 1 2 ICTV Virus Taxonomy 2014, accessed on line Nov. 20, 2015.
  4. ↑ Kimura, K; Tomaru, Y (2013). "Isolation and Characterization of a Single-Stranded DNA Virus Infecting the Marine Diatom Chaetoceros sp. Strain SS628-11 Isolated from Western JAPAN". PLoS ONE. 8 (12): e82013. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082013. PMC 3866115. PMID 24358139.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Kazlauskas, D; Dayaram, A; Kraberger, S; Goldstien, S; Varsani, A; Krupovic, M (2017). "Evolutionary history of ssDNA bacilladnaviruses features horizontal acquisition of the capsid gene from ssRNA nodaviruses". Virology. 504: 114–121. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2017.02.001. PMID 28189969.
  6. ↑ McDaniel, LD; Rosario, K; Breitbart, M; Paul, JH (February 2014). "Comparative metagenomics: natural populations of induced prophages demonstrate highly unique, lower diversity viral sequences". Environmental microbiology. 16 (2): 570–85. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12184. PMID 23879711.
  7. ↑ Nagasaki, K; Tomaru, Y; Takao, Y; Nishida, K; Shirai, Y; Suzuki, H; Nagumo, T (2005). "Previously Unknown Virus Infects Marine Diatom". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 71 (7): 3528–3535. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.7.3528-3535.2005. PMC 1169059. PMID 16000758.
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