Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)

Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army
سربراہ پاک فوج
Incumbent
General Qamar Javed Bajwa
since 29 November 2016
Ministry of Defence
Army Secretariat-I at MoD[1]
Abbreviation COAS
Member of Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
Reports to Prime Minister of Pakistan
Minister of Defence
Seat General Headquarters (GHQ)
Rawalpindi Cantonment, Punjab, Pakistan
Nominator Prime Minister of Pakistan
Appointer President of Pakistan
Term length 3 years
Renewable only once
Precursor Commander-in-Chief
Formation March 3, 1972 (1972-03-03)
First holder General Tikka Khan
Succession On basis of seniority, subjected to the decision of the Prime Minister of Pakistan.
Unofficial names Army Chief
Deputy Chief of General Staff
Vice-Chief of Army Staff
Salary According to Pakistan Military officer's Pay Grade(apex Scale)
Website Official website

The Chief of Army Staff (Urdu: سربراہ پاک فوج‬‎) (reporting name: COAS), is a military appointment and statutory office held by the four-star rank army general in the Pakistan Army, who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and final confirmation by the President of Pakistan.[2]

The Chief of Army Staff is a senior most appointment in the Pakistani military who is a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee in a separate capacity, usually consulting with the Chairman joint chiefs to act as a military adviser to the Prime Minister and its civilian government in the line of defending the land borders of the country.[3] The Chief of Army Staff exercise its responsibility of command and control of the operational, combatant, logistics, and training commands within the army, in contrast to the Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army.[3] Due to its stature, the Chief of Army Staff have been instrumental in enforcing martial laws against the civilian government due to the meltdown of a civil-military relations in the past decades.:168[4][5]

The appointment, in principle, is constitutionally subjected to be for three years but extension may be granted from the approval and recommendations of the Prime Minister by the President.[6] The Chief of Army Staff is based in the Army GHQ, and the current Chief of Army Staff is General Qamar Javed Bajwa, serving in this capacity since 29 November 2016[7][8][9]

History

Prior to creation of Pakistan from the partition of India on 14 August 1947, the senior military general officer commanding of the Pakistan Army were the ad-hoc appointments made by the Army Board of the British Army.[10]

The appointment was known as Commander-in-Chief who directly reported to the Governor-General who was also under British monarchs.:105[11] The first commander-in-chiefs of the army were senior officers of the British Army who commanded the amalgamated army of British and Pakistani army officers from 1947 until 1951.:105[11]

In 1969, the title of the army command was changed from "Commander-in-Chief" to "Chief of Staff" with President Yahya Khan acting as Commander-in-Chief and General A.H. Khan as Chief of Staff.:contents[12] On 20 March 1972, the post was renamed as "Chief of Army Staff" (COAS) with Lieutenant-General Tikka Khan elevated to four star rank to be appointed as army's first chief of army staff.:62[13]

The term of the superannuation was then constrained to three years in the office as opposed to four years and was made a permanent member of Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee.:62[13] Since 1972, there has been 10 four-star rank army generals to be appointed as chief of army staff by statue.[14] The Prime Minister approved the nomination and appointment of the Chief of Army Staff, with President confirming the Prime Minister's appointed choosing and nomination.[15]

The army leadership is based in the Army GHQ whose functions are supervised by the Chief of Army Staff, assisted by the civilians from the Army Secretariat of the Ministry of Defence (MoD).[1] The Chief of Army Staff exercise its responsibility of complete operational, training and logistics commands.:131[4]

There are several principle staff officers (PSO) that assists in running the operations of the Army GHQ:

Martial law and turnover

Due to the powers granted by the Constitution of Pakistan to assist the civilian government led by popularly-elected Prime Minister to control and command the law and order, the chief of army staff has been instrumental in instigating and enforcing the coups d'état against the civilian government and the Prime Minister.:40[16][17] In 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq was the first army chief who carefully planned a coup against Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto when the right wing opposition instigated popular demonstration after the general elections held in 1977.[18]

After the Pakistan Army's performance in Kargil sector, Prime Minister Sharif terminated the commission of General Musharraf, as an army chief and chairman joint chiefs, but Musharraf refused to follow the orders by instigating and leading the military coup by turning over the government under his control on 12 October 1999.[19][20]

The army chiefs, including the previous army's commanders-in-chiefs, had justified their course of actions by noting to attempt to control the worsening of the law and order situation in the country, as in the case of Yahya Khan (1969):239[21] and General Zia-ul-Haq:239[21] (1977), or by attempting to revive the economic prosperity in a threat of financial crises, as seen in the case of General Ayub Khan (1958):contents[22][23] and General Pervez Musharraf (1999).:154[24]:254[25]

List of Chiefs of Army Staff

№ Chief of Army StaffTook officeLeft officeTime in officeUnit of Commission
1
Khan, TikkaGeneral
Tikka Khan HJ, HQA, SPk
(1915–2002)		3 March 19721 March 19763 years, 364 days2 Fd Regt Arty
2
Zia-ul-Haq, MuhammadGeneral
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
(1924–1988)		1 March 197617 August 198812 years, 169 days13 Lancers
3
Beg, MirzaGeneral
Mirza Aslam Beg NI(M), SBt
(born 1931)		17 August 198816 August 19912 years, 364 days16 Baloch
4
Nawaz, AsifGeneral
Asif Nawaz NI(M), SBt
(1937–1993)		16 August 19918 January 1993 †1 year, 145 days5 Punjab
5
Kakar, AbdulGeneral
Abdul Waheed Kakar NI(M), SBt
(born 1937)		11 January 199312 January 19963 years, 1 day5 FF
6
Karamat, JehangirGeneral
Jehangir Karamat NI(M), TBt
(born 1941)		12 January 19966 October 19982 years, 267 days13 Lancers
7
Musharraf, PervezGeneral
Pervez Musharraf NI(M), TBt
(born 1943)		6 October 199828 November 20079 years, 53 days16 (SP) Medium Regt Arty
-
Butt, ZiauddinGeneral
Ziauddin Butt HI(M)
(born 1943)
(Appointment lasted few hours)		12 October 199912 October 19990 daysCorps of EME
8
Kayani, Ashfaq ParvezGeneral
Ashfaq Parvez Kayani NI(M), HI(C)
(born 1952)		29 November 200729 November 20136 years, 0 days5 Baloch
9
Sharif, RaheelGeneral
Raheel Sharif NI(M), HI(M)
(born 1956)		29 November 201329 November 20163 years, 0 days6 FF
10
Bajwa, QamarGeneral
Qamar Javed Bajwa NI(M), HI(M)
(born 1960)		29 November 2016Incumbent1 year, 322 days16 Baloch

Vice Chief of Army Staff

The Vice Chief of Army Staff (VCOAS), is the post that is principle deputy and second-in-command (S-in-C) of the Pakistan Army, reporting under the Chief of Army Staff. The position was created in the existence of army chief is simultaneously the President of Pakistan, having taking over by imposing the martial law against the elected civilian government.:contents[26] The post is now nonexistence and no longer in commission with the army— the Chief of General Staff now serves as the second-in-command in the army leadership.[27]

The function and scope of the vice army chief was to "exercise and perform all the powers and functions vested in the chief of army staff under the law. rules, regulations, orders, and instructions for the time being in the force.":contents[26]

The vice army chiefs are considered to be the principle commander of the army but not altogether, as the vice army chief has to report to the army chief, specifically in taking decisions regarding the promotions.:contents[26] The post of the vice army chief is a senior position and its officer is a four-star rank army general.

List of vice chiefs of army staff

All persons mentioned below have served as the Vice Chief of the Army Staff with distinction of General Abdul Hamid Khan who acted as the 'Chief of Staff' (COS) of the army under General Yahya Khan who was the President of Pakistan and also the holder of the title 'C-in-C of the Army'.

Order Name Rank Photo Appointment Date Left Office Unit of Commission Decorations
±Abdul Hamid KhanGeneral25 March 196920 December 197110th BalochHQA, SPk
1Sawar KhanGeneral13 April 198023 March 19841st (SP) Med Regt Arty (FF)NI(M)
2Khalid Mahmud ArifGeneral22 March 198429 March 198711th Cavalry (FF)NI(M), S Bt
3Mirza Aslam BegGeneral29 March 198717 August 198816th BalochNI(M), S Bt
4Yusaf KhanGeneral8 October 20016 October 2004Guides CavalryNI(M)
5Ahsan Saleem HayatGeneral7 October 20047 October 200733rd CavalryNI(M)
6Ashfaq Parvez KayaniGeneral8 October 200728 November 20075th BalochNI(M), HI

See also

References

  1. 1 2 MoD, Ministry of Defence. "Organogram of MoD" (PDF). mod.gov.pk/. Ministry of Defence Press. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  2. ↑ "Lt Gen Raheel appointed as new COAS, Lt Gen Rashad as CJCSC". The News. 27 November 2013. Archived from the original on 1 December 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  3. 1 2 Shabbir, Usman (2003). "Command and Structure control of the Pakistan Army". pakdef.org. PakDef Military Consortium. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  4. 1 2 Inc, IBP (2009). Pakistan Intelligence, Security Activities and Operations Handbook - Strategic Information and Developments. Lulu.com. p. 230. ISBN 9781438737225. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  5. ↑ "New Pakistan army chief takes command". news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  6. ↑ "Will retire on November 29, Kayani confirms". The Express Tribune. 6 October 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  7. ↑ "General Bajwa takes charge as Pakistan's 16th army chief". DAWN. 29 Nov 2016. Retrieved 29 Nov 2016.
  8. ↑ "Gen Bajwa assumes command as Pakistan's 16th army chief". The Express Tribune. 29 Nov 2016. Retrieved 29 Nov 2016.
  9. ↑ "Pakistan: Army and Paramilitary Forces". www.factba.se. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  10. ↑ Lenze Jr (2016). Civil–Military Relations in the Islamic World. Lexington Books. ISBN 9781498518741. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  11. 1 2 Bajwa, Kuldip Singh (2003). "Kashmir Valley Saved". Jammu and Kashmir war, 1947-1948 : political and military perspective (google books) (1st ed.). New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. p. 350. ISBN 9788124109236. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  12. ↑ Cloughley, Brian (2016). A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections. Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. ISBN 9781631440397. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  13. 1 2 Singh, Ravi Shekhar Narain Singh (2008). "Military and Politics". The Military Factor in Pakistan (googlebooks) (1st ed.). London, UK: Lancer Publishers. p. 550. ISBN 9780981537894. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  14. ↑ "The Army Chief's". www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  15. ↑ Zahra-Malik, Drazen Jorgic and Mehreen (26 November 2016). "Pakistan PM Sharif names General Bajwa as new army chief". Reuters UK. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  16. ↑ Cheema, Pervaiz Iqbal (2002). "Defence Administration". The Armed Forces of Pakistan (google books) (1st ed.). New York, U.S.: NYU Press. p. 225. ISBN 9780814716335. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  17. ↑ Tudor, Maya (2013). The Promise of Power: The Origins of Democracy in India and Autocracy in Pakistan. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107032965.
  18. ↑ Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali. "If I was assassinated" (PDF).
  19. ↑ Burki, Shahid Javed (2015-03-19). Historical Dictionary of Pakistan. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781442241480.
  20. ↑ Crossette, Barbara (1999-10-13). "COUP IN PAKISTAN -- MAN IN THE NEWS; A Soldier's Soldier, Not a Political General -- Pervez Musharraf". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
  21. 1 2 Chitkara, M. G. (2003). Combating Terrorism. APH Publishing. ISBN 9788176484152. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
  22. ↑ Hashwani, Sadruddin (2014). The Truth Always Prevails: A Memoir. Penguin UK. ISBN 9789351188322.
  23. ↑ InpaperMagazine, From (8 October 2011). "Flashback: The Martial Law of 1958". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
  24. ↑ Gupta, J. B. Das (2002). Islamic Fundamentalism And India. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies, Kolkata. ISBN 9788178710136.
  25. ↑ Haqqani, Husain (2010). Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military. Carnegie Endowment. ISBN 9780870032851. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
  26. 1 2 3 Cloughley, Brian (2016). A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections. New York [u.s[: Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. ISBN 9781631440397. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  27. ↑ "General's first gambit". The Indian Express. 16 December 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
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