Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)

Chamber of Deputies
Câmara dos Deputados
55th Legislature of the National Congress
Logo of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil
Type
Type
Term limits
 None
History
Founded May 6, 1826 (1826-05-06)
New session started
 February 1, 2017 (2017-02-01)
Leadership
Rodrigo Maia, DEM
Since July 14, 2016
Government Leader
Aguinaldo Ribeiro, PP
Majority Leader
Lelo Coimbra, MDB
Opposition Leader
José Guimarães, PT
Minority Leader
Weverton Rocha, PDT
Structure
Seats 513
Political groups

Government (315)

  •      MDB (51)
  •      PP (49)
  •      DEM (43)
  •      PR (40)
  •      PSD (38)
  •      PRB (21)
  •      PTB (16)
  •      SD (11)
  •      PSC (9)
  •      PPS (8)
  •      PATRI (5)

Opposition (125)

  •      PT (61)
  •      PSB (26)
  •      PDT (19)
  •      PCdoB (10)
  •      PSOL (6)
  •      REDE (2)
  •      PPL (1)

Independent (73)

Length of term
 4 years
Elections
Open list proportional representation
Last election
 October 5, 2014
Next election
 October 7, 2018
Meeting place
Ulysses Guimarães plenary chamber
National Congress building
Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
Website
www.camara.gov.br
Brazil
This article is part of a series on the
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The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the Chamber is the deputy Rodrigo Maia (DEM-RJ), who was elected in July 14, 2016 to serve for the remainder of the 2015–2016 term.

Legislatures

The legislatures are counted from the first meeting of the Chamber of Deputies and of the Senate, on 6 May 1826, in the imperial era (the Chamber of Deputies met for preparatory sessions from 29 April 1826 to elect its officers and conduct other preliminary business, but the Legislature was formally opened on 6 May). The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate were created by Brazil's first Constitution, the Constitution of the Empire of Brazil, adopted in 1824. The numbering of the legislatures is continuous and counts all bicameral legislatures elected since the adoption of the 1824 Constitution including the imperial General Assembly and the republican National Congress. The previous constituent and legislative assembly of the Empire of Brazil, a unicameral national assembly convened in 1823 and dissolved by Emperor Pedro I before the Constitution was adopted, is not counted. The inauguration of a new composition of Chamber of Deputies for a four-year term of office marks the start of a new Legislature.

In the imperial era the national legislature was named General Assembly. It was made up of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Senators were elected for life and the Senate was a permanent institution, whereas the Chamber of Deputies, unless dissolved earlier, was elected every four years. When Brazil became a republic and a federal state the model of a bicameral Legislature was retained at the federal level, but the parliament was renamed National Congress. The National Congress is made up of the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate. Both houses have fixed terms and cannot be dissolved earlier. Under Brazil's present Constitution, adopted in 1988, senators are elected to eight-year terms and deputies are elected every four years.

Each Brazilian state (and the Federal District) is represented in the Senate by three senators.

Elections to the Senate are held every four years, with either a third or two thirds of the seats up for election.

The number of deputies elected is proportional to the size of the population of the respective state (or of the Federal District). However, no delegation can be made up of less than eight or more than seventy seats. Thus the least populous state elects eight Federal Deputies and the most populous elects seventy. These restrictions favour the smaller states at the expense of the more populous states and so the size of the delegations is not exactly proportional to population.

Elections to the Chamber of Deputies are held every four years, with all seats up for election.

Empire of Brazil[1]

  • 1st Legislature (1826–1829)
  • 2nd Legislature (1830–1833)
  • 3rd Legislature (1834–1837)
  • 4th Legislature (1838–1841)
  • 5th Legislature (1842–1844)
  • 6th Legislature (1845–1847)
  • 7th Legislature (1848)
  • 8th Legislature (1849–1852)
  • 9th Legislature (1853–1856)
  • 10th Legislature (1857–1860)
  • 11th Legislature (1861–1863)
  • 12th Legislature (1864–1866)
  • 13th Legislature (1867–1868)
  • 14th Legislature (1869–1872)
  • 15th Legislature (1872–1875)
  • 16th Legislature (1876–1877)
  • 17th Legislature (1878–1881)
  • 18th Legislature (1882–1884)
  • 19th Legislature (1885)
  • 20th Legislature (1886–1889), dissolved by the 15 November 1889 military coup that proclaimed Brazil a Republic
  • 21st Legislature: had already been elected to succeed the 20th legislature, but was not installed due to the proclamation of the Republic. New elections were summoned by the provisional government of the Republic in 1890.

Old Republic[2]

  • 21st Legislature (1890–1891), discharged the role of Constituent Congress (1890–1891). The act that summoned the elections for the Constituent Congress and that empowered it to draft a Constitution already established that the Congress would be made up of two Houses, an elected Senate with equal representation for the Brazilian States, and a Chamber of Deputies, each State having a number of Deputies proportional to the size of its population. During the drafting of the Constitution, the Congress was to meet in joint session. The Congress was required to adopt a Constitution that conformed to the republican form of government, and that preserved the recently declared Federal model of the State.
  • 22nd Legislature (1891–1893)
  • 23rd Legislature (1894–1896)
  • 24th Legislature (1897–1899)
  • 25th Legislature (1900–1902)
  • 26th Legislature (1903–1905)
  • 27th Legislature (1906–1908)
  • 28th Legislature (1909–1911)
  • 29th Legislature (1912–1914)
  • 30th Legislature (1915–1917)
  • 31st Legislature (1918–1920)
  • 32nd Legislature (1921–1923)
  • 33rd Legislature (1924–1926)
  • 34th Legislature (1927–1929)
  • 35th Legislature (1930): dissolved by the provisional government after the 1930 Revolution.

Vargas Era[3]

  • 36th Legislature (1933–1935), discharged the role of Constituent Assembly (1933–1934)
  • 37th Legislature (1935–1937), dissolved by the Estado Novo coup d'état.

Legislatures elected under the Republic of 46[4]

  • 38th Legislature (1946–1950), discharged the role of National Constituent Assembly (1946).
  • 39th Legislature (1951–1954)
  • 40th Legislature (1955–1958)
  • 41st Legislature (1959–1962)
  • 42nd Legislature (1963–1967), already under the Military Regime instituted by the 1964 military coup, the legislature discharged the role of Constituent Congress (1966–1967), under a decree of the military government (AI-4, Fourth Institutional Act), that commissioned the drafting of a new Constitution. The Constitution was voted under duress.

Legislatures elected under the Military Regime

  • 43rd Legislature (1967–1970)
  • 44th Legislature (1971–1975)
  • 45th Legislature (1975–1979)
  • 46th Legislature (1979–1983)
  • 47th Legislature (1983–1987). The Chamber of Deputies was elected under the process of gradual return to democracy. During that legislature, the last military President handed over power to the first civilian Administration, still elected indirectly, by means of an Electoral College. The 1985 Electoral College, however, was placed under no duress, and elected the Opposition candidates for President and Vice-President. After the inauguration of the civilian Administration, the 47th Legislature passed a Constitutional Amendment,[5] empowering the next Legislature, that would convene in February 1987 after the 1986 legislative elections, to discharge the role of National Constituent Assembly, empowered to adopt a new Constitution to replace the one inherited from the Military Regime.

Legislatures elected after the restoration of civilian government ("New Republic")

  • 48th Legislature (1987–1991), discharged the role of National Constituent Assembly (1987–1988).
  • 49th Legislature (1991–1995)
  • 50th Legislature (1995–1999)
  • 51st Legislature (1999–2003)
  • 52nd Legislature (2003–2007)
  • 53rd Legislature (2007–2011)
  • 54th Legislature (2011–2015)
  • 55th Legislature (2015–2019)

Federal representation

Chamber of Deputies

The number of seats per state is distributed according to the number of inhabitants per state, according to the official measurement taken by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics through a census held each 10 years. The Brazilian population is represented by one deputy for each 362,013 inhabitants on average, but this proportionality is limited by having a minimum of eight members and a maximum of seventy members per state, these criteria being subject to an apportionment paradox.

Therefore, states with 3,258,117 inhabitants upwards have 9 to 70 deputies. Following this scenario for example the city of São Paulo with its 11,253,503 inhabitants[6] is represented by 31 deputies of the total members of the state and the rest of the state with its 28,670,588 inhabitants are represented by 39 MPs (Member of Parliament).[7]

There is a distorted representation of the Brazilian states in congress, having some groups of deputies representing on average more than the proportion of the population of the state, and others representing less. That proportionality means that Roraima is represented by a representative for every 51,000 inhabitants and, at the other extreme, São Paulo is represented by one representative for every 585,000 inhabitants. This difference is reflected in the representation of the states in the Brazilian Congress with deputations for states as Roraima with 681% of the population represented by their deputies in the Congress, and less proportionality for the population of the state of São Paulo with 63% of the population represented by their deputies in the Congress, where proportionality is the percentage of representatives in the chamber divided by the percentage of the population. The population of the state of São Paulo, because of the maximum limits of 70 MPs for any one state, give up having 40 more seats in congress compared to the other states.[8]

Federal state Number of members % Of total members Population (on the census also called Censo 2010) % Of the population (Censo 2010) Representativeness (Inhabitants / Mr) Representatives of national average % Representative distortion % Of the population represented by MPs Deputies required ignoring the limits
São Paulo 70 13,6% 39 924 091 21,5% 570 344 110 -7,90% 63% 40
Minas Gerais 53 10,3% 19 159 260 10,3% 361 495 53 0,00% 100% 0
Rio de Janeiro 46 9% 15 180 636 8,2% 330 014 42 0,80% 110% -4
Bahia 39 7,6% 13 633 969 7,3% 349 589 38 0,30% 104% -1
Rio Grande do Sul 31 6% 10 576 758 5,7% 341 186 29 0,30% 106% -2
Paraná 30 5,8% 10 226 737 5,5% 340 891 28 0,30% 106% -2
Pernambuco 25 4,9% 8 541 250 4,6% 341 650 24 0,30% 106% -1
Ceará 22 4,3% 8 450 527 4,4% 371 822 23 -0,10% 94% 1
Maranhão 18 3,5% 6 424 340 3,5% 356 908 18 0,00% 101% 0
Goiás 17 3,3% 5 849 105 3,1% 344 065 16 0,20% 105% -1
Pará 17 3,3% 7 443 904 4% 437 877 21 -0,70% 83% 4
Santa Catarina 16 3,1% 6 178 603 3,3% 386 163 17 -0,20% 94% 1
Paraíba 12 2,3% 3 753 633 2% 312 803 10 0,30% 116% -2
Espírito Santo 10 1,9% 3 392 775 1,8% 339 278 9 0,10% 107% -1
Piauí 10 1,9% 3 086 448 1,7% 308 645 9 0,20% 117% -1
Alagoas 9 1,7% 3 093 994 1,7% 343 777 9 0,00% 105% 0
Acre 8 1,6% 707 125 0,4% 88 391 2 1,20% 410% -6
Amazonas 8 1,6% 3 350 773 1,8% 418 847 9 -0,20% 86% 1
Amapá 8 1,6% 648 553 0,3% 81 069 2 1,30% 447% -6
Distrito Federal 8 1,6% 2 469 489 1,3% 308 686 7 0,30% 117% -1
Mato Grosso do Sul 8 1,6% 2 404 256 1,3% 300 532 7 0,30% 120% -1
Mato Grosso 8 1,6% 2 954 625 1,6% 369 328 8 0,00% 98% 0
Rio Grande do Norte 8 1,6% 3 121 451 1,7% 390 181 9 -0,10% 93% 1
Rondônia 8 1,6% 1 535 625 0,8% 191 953 4 0,80% 189% -4
Roraima 8 1,6% 425 398 0,2% 53 175 1 1,40% 681% -7
Sergipe 8 1.6% 2 036 227 1.1% 254 528 6 0.50% 142% -2
Tocantins 8 1.6% 1 373 551 0.7% 171 694 4 0.90% 211% -4
Total 513 100% 185 712 713 100% 362 013 (representative national average) 514 (Population / representative national average) 0,30% accumulated (% of total members -% of the population) 156% average (number of members / Representatives of national average) 1

Present composition

Leaderships

Party Representatives Leader Position
PT 61 Paulo Pimenta Opposition
MDB 51 Baleia Rossi Government
PP 49 Arthur Lira Government
PSDB 49 Nilson Leitão Independent
DEM 43 Rodrigo Garcia Government
PR 40 José Rocha Government
PSD 38 Domingos Neto Government
PSB 26 Júlio Delgado Opposition
PRB 21 Celso Russomano Government
PDT 19 André Figueiredo Opposition
PODE 16 Ricardo Teobaldo Independent
PTB 16 Jovair Arantes Government
PROS 11 Felipe Bornier Independent
SD 11 Wladimir Costa Government
PCdoB 10 Orlando Silva Opposition
AVANTE 8 Luis Tibé Independent
PPS 8 Arnaldo Jordy Government
PSL 8 Delegado Francischini Independent
PSC 6 Gilberto Nascimento Government
PSOL 6 Chico Alencar Opposition
PATRI 5 Júnior Marreca Government
PV 5 Leandre Dal Ponte Independent
PHS 4 Marcelo Aro Independent
REDE 2 João Derly Opposition
PPL 1 Uldurico Junior Opposition

Partisan blocs composition

Bloc Representatives Leader
Government ±300 Aguinaldo Ribeiro (PP)
Majority ±50 Lelo Coimbra (MDB)
Opposition ±120 José Guimarães (PT)
Minority ±60 Weverton Guimarães (PDT)
PP, AVANTE Bloc 75 Arthur Lira (PP)
PTB, PROS, PSL, PRP Bloc 36 Jovair Arantes (PTB)

Bodies

The House of Representatives is composed of the Bureau of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil by College Leaders and the Commissions, which can be permanent, temporary, or special inquiry.

Bureau of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil

The current composition of the Board of the Chamber of Deputies is the following:

President: Rodrigo Maia (DEM-RJ) (elected in July 14, 2016 to serve for the remainder of the 2015-2016 term,[9] after Eduardo Cunha was suspended by the Supreme Court in May 5, 2016.[10] Reelect for the 2017-2018 term in February 2, 2017.[11])
1st Vice President: Fábio Ramalho (MDB-MG)
2nd Vice President: André Fufuca (PP-MA)
1st Secretary: Fernando Giacobo (PR-PR)
2nd Secretary: Mariana Carvalho (PSDB-RO)
3rd Secretary: João Henrique Caldas (PSB-AL)
4th Secretary: Rômulo Gouveia (PSD-PB)
1st Alternate Registrar: Dagoberto Nogueira (PDT-MS)
2nd Alternate Registrar: César Halum (PRB-TO)
3rd Alternate Registrar: Pedro Uczai (PT-SC)
4th Alternate Registrar: Carlos Manato (SD-ES)

Standing committees

On March 6 of 2012, was defined division of committees between parties. The President's House, Marco Maia, believes that the proportionality between the parties / blocs must take into account the data of the last election. Thus, PT and PMDB, with the highest benches, were three committees (the PT made the choice first). DEM and PSDB, the two largest opposition, were two commissions each.[12] On the other hand, PSD, most harmed by this decision, filed a lawsuit in the Supreme Court (STF) trying to reverse this decision.[13]

The chair of the committee, was defined as follows:[14]

Commission President (party) State Site Contact
Committee on Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development and Supply[15] Sérgio Souza (MDB) Paraná Link Contato
Commission of the Amazon, National Integration and Regional Development[16] Valadares Filho (PSB) Sergipe Link Contato
Committee on Science and Technology, Communication and Information[17] Paulo Magalhães (PSD) Bahia Link Contato
Committee on Constitution, Justice and Citizenship[18] Rodrigo Pacheco (MDB) Minas Gerais Link Contato
Committee on Consumer Protection[19] Rodrigo Martins (PSB) Piauí Link Contato
Committee for Economic Development, Industry and Commerce[20] Lucas Vergilio (SD) Goiás Link Contato
Urban Development Commission[21] Givaldo Vieira (PT) Espírito Santo Link Contato
Commission on Human Rights and Minorities[22] Paulão (PT) Alagoas Link Contato
Committee on Education[23] Caio Nárcio (PSDB) Minas Gerais Link Contato
Committee on Culture[24] Thiago Peixoto (PSD) Goiás Link Contato
Committee on Finance and Taxation[25] Covatti Filho (PP) Rio Grande do Sul Link Contato
Commission of Financial Supervision and Control[26] Wilson Filho (PTB) Paraíba Link Contato
Participative Legislation Committee[27] Fávia Morais (PDT) Goiás Link Contato
Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development[28] Nilto Tatto (PT) São Paulo Link Contato
Committee on Mines and Energy[29] Jhonatan de Jesus (PRB) Roraima Link Contato
Committee on Foreign Relations and National Defense[30] Bruna Furlan (PSDB) São Paulo Link Contato
Public Safety Commission and Combating Organized Crime[31] Capitão Augusto (PR) São Paulo Link Contato
Commission on Social Security and Family[32] Hiran Gonçalves (PP) Roraima Link Contato
Committee on Labor, Public Service and Administration[33] Orlando Silva (PCdoB) São Paulo Link Contato
Commission for Tourism[34] Paulo Azi (DEM) Bahia Link Contato
Commission for Sports[35] Ezequiel Teixeira (PODE) Rio de Janeiro Link Contato
Commission of Roads and Transport[36] Altineu Côrtes (MDB) Rio de Janeiro Link Contato
Commission of Defense of Women's Rights[37] Shéridan (PSDB) Roraima Link Link
Commission of Defense of Elderly's Rights[38] Gilberto Nascimento (PSC) São Paulo Link Link
Commission of Defense of Disabled People[39] Cabo Sabino (PR) Ceará Link Link

See also

References

  1. ↑ "O Império do Brasil". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  2. ↑ "A 1ª República". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  3. ↑ "A 2a República". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  4. ↑ "A 4a República". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  5. ↑ Constitutional Amendment 26, of 27 November 1985
  6. ↑ "IBGE Censo 2010". www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  7. ↑ "MP". Retrieved 22 March 2018 – via The Free Dictionary.
  8. ↑ "Gasto com deputados caminha para R$ 1 bilhão". uol.com.br. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  9. ↑ "Rodrigo Maia vence Rosso no 2º turno e é eleito presidente da Câmara" (in Portuguese). 2016-07-14. Retrieved 2016-07-14.
  10. ↑ Watts, Jonathan (5 May 2016). "Speaker of Brazil's lower house Eduardo Cunha suspended". the Guardian. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  11. ↑ Bragon, Ranier; Carvalho, Daniel; Boldrini, Angela (February 2, 2017). "Em vitória folgada, Rodrigo Maia é reeletio presidente da Câmara" (in Portuguese). Folha de S. Paulo. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  12. ↑ Finch, Nathalia (March 6, 2012), G1, defines the distribution of the standing committees Missing or empty |title= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  13. ↑ Santos, Deborah (February 27, 2012), G1, going to have the Supreme Command of committees in the House Missing or empty |title= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  14. ↑ "Eleitos os presidentes das 25 comissões da Câmara" (in Portuguese). Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  15. ↑ "Comissão de Agricultura, Pecuária, Abastecimento e Desenvolvimento Rural - CAPADR". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  16. ↑ "Comissão de Integração Nacional, Desenvolvimento Regional e da Amazônia - CINDRA". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  17. ↑ "Comissão de Ciência e Tecnologia, Comunicação e Informática - CCTCI". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  18. ↑ "Comissão de Constituição e Justiça e de Cidadania - CCJC". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  19. ↑ "Comissão de Defesa do Consumidor - CDC". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  20. ↑ "Comissão de Desenvolvimento Econômico, Indústria, Comércio e Serviços - CDEICS". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  21. ↑ "Comissão de Desenvolvimento Urbano - CDU". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  22. ↑ "Comissão de Direitos Humanos e Minorias - CDHM". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  23. ↑ "Comissão de Educação - CE". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  24. ↑ "Comissão de Cultura - CCULT". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  25. ↑ "Comissão de Finanças e Tributação - CFT". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  26. ↑ "Comissão de Fiscalização Financeira e Controle - CFFC". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  27. ↑ "Comissão de Legislação Participativa - CLP". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  28. ↑ "Comissão de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável - CMADS". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  29. ↑ "Comissão de Minas e Energia - CME". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  30. ↑ "Comissão de Relações Exteriores e de Defesa Nacional - CREDN". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  31. ↑ "Comissão de Segurança Pública e Combate ao Crime Organizado - CSPCCO". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  32. ↑ "Comissão de Seguridade Social e Família - CSSF". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  33. ↑ "Comissão de Trabalho, de Administração e Serviço Público - CTASP". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  34. ↑ "Comissão de Turismo – CTUR". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  35. ↑ "Comissão do Esporte - CESPO". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  36. ↑ "Eleições para mesa diretora da CVT acontecerão na próxima terça". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  37. ↑ "Comissão de Defesa dos Direitos da Mulher - Mulher — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados". camara.leg.br. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  38. ↑ "Comissão de Defesa dos Direitos da Pessoa Idosa - Idoso — Portal da Câmara dos Deputados". camara.leg.br. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  39. ↑ "Comissão de Defesa dos Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência - CPD". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
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