CASA/IPTN CN-235

CN-235
A CASA CN-235 of the Maritime Safety and Rescue Society
Role Transport aircraft/maritime patrol aircraft
Manufacturer Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA
IPTN
First flight 11 November 1983
Introduction 1 March 1988
Status Active service
Primary users Turkish Air Force
United States Air Force
French Air Force
Republic of Korea Air Force
Irish Air Corps
Produced 1983–present[1]
Number built 284[2] (+ > 57 IPTN)[3]
Unit cost
$ 34 million [4]
Variants EADS CASA HC-144 Ocean Sentry
Developed into Airbus C-295
Indonesian Aerospace N-245

The CASA/IPTN CN-235 is a medium-range twin-engined transport aircraft that was jointly developed by Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) of Spain and Indonesian manufacturer IPTN, as a regional airliner and military transport. Its primary military roles include maritime patrol, surveillance, and air transport. Its largest user is Turkey, which has 59 aircraft.[5]

Design and development

The project was a joint venture between Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) and Indonesian Aerospace (PT. Dirgantara Indonesia), formerly known as IPTN, which formed Airtech International to manage the programme. The partnership applied only to the Series 10 and Series 100/110, with later versions being developed independently. Over 230 of all versions of CN-235 are in service and have accumulated more than 500,000 flight hours.

Design began in January 1980 with the first flight on 11 November 1983. Spanish and Indonesian certification was on 20 June 1986; the first flight of the production aircraft was on 19 August 1986 and CASA's FAA type approval was granted on 3 December 1986. The aircraft entered service on 1 March 1988

In 1994 the Irish Air Corps took delivery of two CN-235 maritime surveillance aircraft having used one on loan from CASA from 1992 while their own aircraft were being built.

In 1995, CASA launched development of a stretched CN-235 as the C-295. In December 2002, the Colombian Navy ordered two CN-235 for patrol and anti-drug trafficking missions.

In April 2005, Venezuela ordered two CN-235 maritime surveillance aircraft plus 10 transport planes but the operation was halted because the United States government refused to allow the transfer of what they deemed to be US technology in the avionics.[6]

In January 2006, Thailand placed an order with Indonesian Aerospace for ten aircraft, six for the Ministry of Defence and four for the Ministry of Agriculture.

In December 2007, Spain ordered two CN-235 maritime patrol aircraft for the Guardia Civil, for delivery 2008–2009.

One CN-235 MPA aircraft was delivered by Indonesian Aerospace to the Indonesian defence ministry in June 2008.

Royal Malaysian Air Force

In August 2006, three CASA CN-235-10 aircraft remained in airline service, in Africa, with Safair (two) and Tiko Air (one).[7] Asian Spirit operated a lone CN-235-220 in the Philippines, correct as of June/July 2007.

In early July 2008, the Mexican Navy announced that it would purchase six CASA CN-235s from Spain.[8] In April 2010, Hervé Morin, French Minister of Defence, announced the order of eight CN-235-300s from Spain.[9]

In 2011, Indonesian Aerospace was still working on 4 CN-235-110 MPAs for South Korea Coast Guard with amount of $96 million.[10]

The Senegalese Air Force acquired two CN-235s in 2010 and August 2012 under a $13 million contract. They plan to buy two more aircraft for VIP and cargo duties. The Air Force is also interested in the maritime patrol version of the aircraft.[11]

Commercial airliner

Merpati Nusantara's CN-235 in Indonesia

Although the CN-235 was designed for military purposes in the 1980s, it began to be used as a commercial plane, although it wasn't a very big success for airlines. Possibly its lack of success was due to its 50-passenger capacity and short range coupled with high fuel usage. Iberia LAE, Spain's flag carrier, bought four CN-235s from CASA aircraft for regional routes but in 1992 Aerolíneas Argentinas (then also a subsidiary of Iberia) ordered two of these aircraft for regional routes – to be operated by its subsidiary, Austral.

In 2015, Indonesian Aerospace announced that they are currently planning a new variant of CN-235 called N-245 that will be designed specially for civil operation and able to carry up to 60 passengers. Previously also known as CN-235NG, this variant planned to be fully launched after Indonesian Aerospace N-219 project is done and expected to be fully certified in 2019. Further planned development is N-270, a stretched version of N-245 that able to carry up to 70–90 passengers and planned to be developed in 2019–2024.[12]

Variants

CN-235-200M of the Royal Thai Police
A CASA CN-235 of the Spanish Air Force
CN-235-10
Initial production version (15 built by each company), with GE CT7-7A engines.
CN-235-100/110
Generally as series 10, but with GE CT7-9C engines in new composites nacelles; replaced Series 10 in 1988 from 31st production aircraft. Series 100 is Spanish-built, series 110 Indonesian-built, with improved electrical, warning and environmental systems.
CN-235-200/220
Improved version. Structural reinforcements to cater for higher operating weights, aerodynamic improvements to wing leading-edges and rudder, reduced field length requirements and much-increased range with maximum payload. Series 200 is Spanish-built, Series 220 Indonesian-built. Series 220 still in production.
CN-235-300
CASA Modification of 200/220 series, with the Honeywell International Corp. avionics suite. Other features include improved pressurization and provision for optional twin-nosewheel installation.
CN-235-330 Phoenix
Modification of Series 200/220, offered by IPTN with new Honeywell avionics, ARL-2002 EW system and 16.800 kg/37.037 lb MTOW, to Royal Australian Air Force to meet Project Air 5190 tactical airlift requirement, but was forced by financial constraints to withdraw in 1998.[13]
CN-235 MPA
A CASA CN-235 MPA of the Indonesian Air Force

Maritime patrol version with 6 hardpoints to carry AM-39 Exocet-Missiles or Mk.46-Torpedoes.[14]

HC-144 Ocean Sentry
United States Coast Guard designation for a planned twenty-two[15] aircraft fleet bought to replace the small HU-25 Guardian business-style jets. As of 2010, twelve [16] had been delivered.
AC-235
A light gunship modified with integrated weapons pylons to carry AGM-114 Hellfire missiles and 70MM rockets, has a side-mounted 30mm cannon, and a Synthetic aperture radar. The collaborative effort was made by King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau of Jordan, and the U.S. Defense company Orbital ATK[17][18]

Operators

Military operators

CN-235 world operators:
  Military operators
  Only government operators
  Former operators
 Botswana
 Brunei
 Burkina Faso
 Cameroon
 Chile
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 France
 Gabon
 Indonesia
 Ireland
  • The Irish Air Corps operates 2 CN235-100 employed as maritime patrol aircraft. Delivery took place in 1994[27]
 Jordan
 Malaysia
 Mexico
A RMAF's CN-235-100M
 Morocco
   Nepal
 Pakistan
 Papua New Guinea
 South Korea
 Senegal
 Spain
 Thailand
 Turkey
 United Arab Emirates
US Air Force CN-235-100M QC
 United States

Former Military operators

 Austria
 Bophuthatswana
 Panama
 South Africa
 Yemen
  • Yemen Air Force [43] (1x CN-235-300) The only aircraft of the type, registration number 2211, factory number 168988, serial number 188, was destroyed in a Saudi airstrike on March 25, 2015.[44][45]

Government and paramilitary operators

A CASA CN-235-300 MPA of the Spanish Maritime Safety Agency
 Oman
 Spain
 Mexico
 Thailand

Civil operators

Binter Mediterraneo CN-235
Presidential Airways CN-235, formerly belonging to Binter Mediterráneo
 Argentina
 Indonesia
 Madagascar
 Namibia
 Spain
 South Africa
 United States
 Venezuela
  • Air Venezuela had 2 (1999–2001)

Notable accidents

On 18 Oct 1992, Merpati Nusantara Airlines (Registration PK-MNN) CN-235-10 Flight 5601 crashed on Garut, Indonesia, killing all 31 people on board [47]

On 19 January 2001, a Turkish Air Force CN-235 training mission crashed near Kayseri after entering a spin from which recovery was not possible, killing all 3 people on board[48][49]

On 16 May 2001, a Turkish Air Force CN-235 crashed after the pilot lost control, killing all 34 people on board.[49][50]

On 18 May 2001, a Turkish Navy CN-235 crashed after the pilot lost control after reaching an altitude of just 100 feet, killing all 4 people on board.[49][51]

On 29 August 2001, Binter Mediterráneo Flight 8261 (Registration EC-FBC) crash-landed at Málaga, Spain, killing four of the 44 passengers and crew aboard.[52] The aircraft was scrapped.[53]

On 11 Feb 2013 a CN-235 crashed into a forest 45 km south of Monrovia, Liberia, 8 km to Roberts International Airport, killing 11 people amongst them Souleymane Kelefa Diallo, Guinea army chief.[54]

On 1 Aug 2015 a CN-235-200M operated by the Colombian Air Force crashed in Cesar province, Colombia due to engine failure, killing 11 people.[55]

On 26 February 2016, a CN-235 operated by the Royal Malaysian Air Force crashed in a swamp in Kuala Selangor with no casualties.[56] However, a local fisherman drowned during the rescue.

On 17 January 2018, a Turkish Air Force CN-235 on a training mission crashed with two pilots and a technician on board near Isparta. All on board were killed.

Aircraft on display

Specifications (CN235)

Data from Airbus Military[58]

General characteristics

Performance

See also

Related development

References

  1. ↑ Liputan6.com. "Pesawat CN-235 Buatan Indonesia Pesanan Senegal Tiba di Dakar".
  2. ↑ Orders, Deliveries, In Operation Military aircraft by Country – Worldwide, Airbus Defence & Space (30 November 2017)
  3. ↑ Indonesia-Air Force, Andrew Hunt, Airliners.net (Demand Media, Inc.)
  4. ↑ "CN-235". Deagel.com. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 "Orders, Deliveries, In Operation Military aircraft by Country – Worldwide" (PDF). Airbus Space and Defence. Airbus Space and Defence. 31 August 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  6. ↑ "Venezuela Buys Military Equipment". 28 November 2005. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  7. ↑ Flight International, 3–9 October 2006
  8. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-12-05. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
  9. ↑ "Francia compra a EADS ocho aviones CN-135-300 por 250 millones de euros". Libertad Digital. 2010-04-04. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
  10. ↑ "RI seeks to exchange planes with South Korea". The Jakarta Post. 2011-05-20. Archived from the original on 2011-08-27. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
  11. ↑ Senegal: MoD plans to acquire two additional CN235s, including MPA versions Archived 2014-03-27 at the Wayback Machine. – Dmilt.com, 30 August 2013
  12. ↑ "RI Gencar Bikin Pesawat, Setelah N219 Ada N245 dan N270". finance.detik.com.
  13. ↑ "Mengenang CN-235 Phoenix Project-Australia". June 12, 2013.
  14. ↑ "CN-235 Persuader Maritime Patrol Aircraft – Airforce Technology". Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  15. ↑ "USCG: Acquisition Programs & Projects". US Coast Guard. Retrieved January 26, 2012.
  16. ↑ "USCG: HC-144A "Ocean Sentry" Maritime Patrol Aircraft". US Coast Guard Acquisitions Directorate. 2010-12-20. Retrieved January 26, 2012.
  17. ↑ "AC-235c Fact Sheet" (PDF). orbitalatk.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 June 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  18. ↑ "Jordan takes delivery of AC235 gunship". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  19. ↑ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 46.
  20. 1 2 Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 47.
  21. ↑ Hoyle, Craig (6 June 2012). "Cameroon signs deal for CN235 transport". Flightglobal. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
  22. ↑ "Military Aircraft Airbus DS – Press Center". Airbus Military. Archived from the original on 14 April 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  23. ↑ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 48.
  24. 1 2 Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 49.
  25. ↑ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 50.
  26. ↑ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 52.
  27. ↑ "CASA CN235". Defence Forces Ireland. 2014. Retrieved 2014-08-25.
  28. ↑ "RMAF CN235 Ditched, Crew Survived - Malaysian Defence". www.malaysiandefence.com.
  29. 1 2 Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 55.
  30. ↑ "Defence Security Report". Janes.com. 2008-12-03. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
  31. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-19. Retrieved 2009-06-20.
  32. ↑ "Nepalese Army buying Military Transport aircraft from Indonesia, can "even" carry "a small vehicle" - southasia.com.au". 20 June 2017.
  33. ↑ Rahmat, Ridzwan (7 February 2018). "Singapore Airshow 2018: Nepal begins negotiations for second CN-235 with PT Dirgantara". IHS Jane's 360. Singapore. Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
  34. ↑ John Pike. "Pakistan Air Force Equipment". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
  35. ↑ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 57.
  36. 1 2 3 Jackson 2003, p. 207.
  37. ↑ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 59.
  38. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-10-03. Retrieved 2017-10-15.
  39. ↑ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 60.
  40. ↑ "Turkish Army Current Order of Battle". Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  41. 1 2 Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 61.
  42. ↑ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 63.
  43. ↑ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 64.
  44. ↑ Oryx. "Oryx Blog". Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  45. ↑ "bmpd". Archived from the original on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  46. ↑ Mexican Police Aviation Archived 2011-06-12 at the Wayback Machine.
  47. ↑ Harro Ranter (18 October 1992). "ASN Aircraft accident IPTN/CASA CN-235-10 PK-MNN Garut". Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  48. ↑ "ASN Aircraft accident IPTN_CASA CN-235M-100 097 Kayseri". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  49. 1 2 3 "Military cargo plane crashes, four die". Hürriyet Daily News. 2001-05-19. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  50. ↑ "ASN Aircraft accident IPTN_CASA CN-235M-100 086 Malatya". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  51. ↑ "ASN Aircraft accident IPTN_CASA CN-235MP-100M TCSG-552 Ankara-Etimesgut AFB". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  52. ↑ "Aircraft accidents photos – Binter Mediterraneo – Malaga, Spain – CASA 235-200". 1001 Crash. 2001-08-29. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
  53. ↑ Harro Ranter (29 August 2001). "ASN Aircraft accident CASA CN-235-200 EC-FBC Málaga Airport (AGP)". Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  54. ↑ "Guinea military head killed in Liberia plane crash". BBC News. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  55. ↑ "Airbus CN235 military transport crashes in Colombia, killing 11". Flightglobal. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  56. ↑ Cheng, Nicholas; Mutiah, Wani. "RMAF plane crashes in Kuala Selangor, rescuer believed drowned – Nation – The Star Online".
  57. ↑ "The SAAF Forum". Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  58. ↑ "Military Aircraft Airbus DS – CN235". Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  • Hoyle, Craig. "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International, Vol. 182 No. 5370. 11–17 December 2012. pp. 40–64.
  • Jackson, Paul. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsden, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.
  • Lambert, Mark. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993–94. Coulsden, UK:Jane's Data Division, 1993. ISBN 0-7106-1066-1.
  • Airbus Military CN235
  • CN235
  • CN-235 Persuader Maritime Patrol Aircraft, Spain
  • "Spanish-Indonesian cooperation in the development, production, certification and marketing of CN-235 commuter aircraft" (PDF). ICAS and AIAA. 2012.
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