Brightline

Brightline
Brightline train at Fort Lauderdale station
Overview
Service type Inter-city rail, Higher-speed rail
Status Operational
Locale Florida
First service
Current operator(s) All Aboard Florida
Ridership 3 million per year (predicted, includes service to Orlando)
Website gobrightline.com
Route
Start Miami
Stops 3 (operational) 1 (planned)
End Orlando (planned)
Distance travelled 240 mi (390 km)
Average journey time 1'15" Miami–West Palm Beach
3 hours Miami–Orlando (planned)
Service frequency Hourly Monday through Friday; bi-hourly Saturday and Sunday
Line(s) used Florida East Coast Railway
On-board services
Disabled access Level boarding, ADA
Seating arrangements 2×2 (smart)
2×1 (select)
Catering facilities Onboard service carts
Entertainment facilities Wi-Fi
Baggage facilities Checked baggage available
Technical
Rolling stock
  • 2 SCB-40 locomotives (initially)[1]
  • 4 passenger coaches (initially)[2]
Track gauge 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Operating speed
  • 79 mph (127 km/h) Miami–West Palm Beach
  • 110 mph (177 km/h) West Palm Beach–Cocoa (planned)
  • 125 mph (201 km/h) Cocoa–Orlando (planned)
Track owner(s) Florida East Coast Railway
Route map
Orlando Maintenance Depot
 Orlando Airport
Orlando International Airport
planned
SR 417 (GreeneWay)
I-95
SR 528 (Beachline)
FEC Mainline
to Jacksonville
Cocoa
SR 528 (Beachline)
St. Lucie River
Loxahatchee River
 
West Palm Beach
Maintenance Depot
 
 West Palm Beach
 Fort Lauderdale
New River
I-595 (
Port Everglades
Expressway
)
I-195
I-395
PortMiami (freight depot)
Metrorail
to Airport or Palmetto
Metromover
MiamiCentral
Metrorail (Miami-Dade County)}}}Metromover
Government
Center
Metromover
Metrorail
to Dadeland South

Brightline is an express intercity higher-speed rail system in Florida, United States. Developed and operated by All Aboard Florida, a wholly owned subsidiary of Florida East Coast Industries (FECI),[3] Brightline is the United States' only privately owned and operated intercity passenger railroad[4] and its first since 1983 (when the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad discontinued the Rio Grande Zephyr).[5]

Brightline's service runs between Miami and West Palm Beach with a single intermediate stop at Fort Lauderdale. The Fort Lauderdale–West Palm Beach segment opened on January 13, 2018, followed by Fort Lauderdale–Miami on May 19.[6] An extension from West Palm Beach to Orlando via Cocoa is scheduled to open in 2021, and more extensions are planned.

Brightline's diesel–electric locomotive-hauled trains run alongside freight trains in a shared-use corridor that was upgraded from a pre-existing Florida East Coast Railway (FEC) freight train corridor. The future West Palm Beach–Cocoa segment will be constructed in a similar fashion, while 40 mi (64 km) of new track will be constructed in the State Road 528 corridor for the remainder of the extension, between Cocoa and Orlando International Airport.

On September 18, 2018, Brightline announced the acquisition of XpressWest, a private company with the goal of connecting Las Vegas with Southern California via Victorville, California. Brightline announced the intent of purchasing 38 acres of land near the Las Vegas Strip for a station and following the Interstate 15 corridor from Las Vegas to Southern California with the initial journey projected for 2022.[7]

Origins and history

In March 2012, Florida East Coast Industries (FECI) announced plans to operate a rail service between Miami and Orlando.[8] The cost of all construction is projected at $1.5 billion.[9] In March 2013, All Aboard Florida applied for a $1.6 billion Railroad Rehabilitation & Improvement Financing (RRIF) loan, which is administered by the Federal Railroad Administration.[10] In late 2014, the company announced it had applied for a $1.75 billion private activity bond allocation, with proceeds from the bond sale substantially reducing or replacing entirely the amount of the RRIF loan request.[11]

The company received a Finding of No Significant Impact from the Federal Railroad Administration in January 2013, effectively clearing way for work to begin between Miami and West Palm Beach.[12] The Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the full build-out service was released in September 2014,[3][13] and a series of public comment meetings followed. The Final Environmental Impact Statement was released on August 4, 2015.[14] As of the start of 2015, the company has started site work at the Miami, Fort Lauderdale and West Palm Beach stations, plus right of way improvements along stretches of the corridor.

Service between Miami and West Palm Beach began on May 19, 2018,[15][16] with service to Orlando projected to start in 2021.[17][18] On November 10, 2015, All Aboard Florida announced that the service would operate under the name Brightline.[19]

Construction

Construction on MiamiCentral in 2015
Brightline Train route map (interactive map)

Construction began on the Miami to West Palm Beach section with the laying of new tracks and closure of the temporary surface lots in Government Center, Downtown Miami, in mid 2014.[20] Preliminary work on the Miami station, such as site preparation and demolition, began later in the year.[21] Suffolk Construction is the general contractor for the Miami station.[22] Piles were being set on the four lots of MiamiCentral in early 2015.[23]

On October 29, 2014, work on the Fort Lauderdale station began with the demolition of existing buildings on the site.[24] A groundbreaking ceremony for the West Palm Beach station was held in November 2014.[25] Moss & Associates, of Fort Lauderdale, has been named general contractor for the West Palm Beach and Fort Lauderdale stations.[26]

In January 2015, crews started replacing track throughout the corridor. The system between Miami and West Palm Beach was projected to be operational by the first quarter of 2018, and to Orlando by late 2020.[27][28] All Aboard Florida secured leasing of easement rights alongside the Beachline from the Central Florida Expressway Authority for $1.4 million in December 2015. As part of the contract, “it is understood and agreed” All Aboard Florida will be considering an extension to Jacksonville, Florida.[29]

Phase 2 of the construction between West Palm Beach and Orlando is behind the original schedule. Company officials now say construction will start in late 2018, with service to Orlando commencing in 2021.[18] The deadline for the associated bond sale has been extended to the end of 2018. The company is also seeking a federal loan to help finance phase 2 construction.[30] On August 29, 2018, Brightline got the approval for $1.15 billion in tax-free bonds for expansion to Orlando.[31]

Openings

Brightline launched introductory services prior to January 7, 2018, though these runs were not open to the public.[32] Public operations between West Palm Beach and Fort Lauderdale began Saturday, January 13.[33][34]

Service between West Palm Beach and Miami began on May 19, 2018.[15][16]

Crossing deaths

During the first six days of operation, two people were killed in separate incidents at railroad crossings along the line, after they attempted to cross the tracks while the gates were down.[35]

During the first three months of operation, four people were killed by a Brightline train when they crossed the tracks illegally, with an additional three persons injured.[36]

Engineering

Train speeds

To cover the distance between Orlando and Miami in the desired time of about three hours, Brightline trains will have to operate with an overall average speed of 80 miles per hour (129 km/h), which is similar to the overall average speed of the Acela Express operating on the Northeast Corridor between New York City and Washington, D.C.[37][38] By comparison, the approximate driving time for this distance is about four hours, with an average speed of 60 mph (97 km/h).[39]

Train speeds reach up to 79 mph (127 km/h) between Miami and West Palm Beach, will reach 110 mph (177 km/h) between West Palm Beach and Cocoa, and 125 mph (201 km/h) between Cocoa and the Orlando International Airport. In order to increase the speed limit from 79 mph (127 km/h) to 110 mph (177 km/h) between West Palm Beach and Cocoa, the existing track conditions will be brought up to meet required federal standards.

Pre-existing Miami–Cocoa Corridor upgrades

The project calls for more than $1.5 billion in upgrades to the rail corridor between Miami and Cocoa. The company is double tracking the corridor, improving signaling systems, and upgrading every grade crossing to meet the highest applicable safety standards set by the Florida Department of Transportation and Federal Railroad Administration.[40][41] In January 2013, the Federal Railroad Administration issued a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) for the Miami–Cocoa phase of the project, effectively clearing the way for work to begin.[42] Part of the corridor safety upgrades includes installing positive train control (PTC), which will enhance Brightline's ability to monitor and control train movements safely.[43]

Quiet zones

Responding to citizen concerns about increased noise from additional horns, All Aboard Florida has stated that it will work with local communities to implement quiet zones where possible.[44] Federal law requires quiet zone requests to originate from the local authority that has jurisdiction over the roadway, not the railroad company.[45]

In August 2014, the company announced a partnership with the Broward and Palm Beach Metropolitan Planning Organizations to implement quiet zones between the city of Hallandale Beach and 15th Street in West Palm Beach.[46] In December 2014, the Miami-Dade Metropolitan Planning Organization approved funding to construct quiet zones between PortMiami and the northern Miami-Dade County line.[47] The quiet zones were originally planned to be in place when Brightline becomes operational between Miami and West Palm Beach by the end of 2017. Brightline started service on January 11, 2018, but various delays in constructing the quiet zones have stretched their in-service date to sometime in March.[48]

On May 14, 2018, quiet zones went into effect in West Palm Beach, in Lake Worth on May 21, and in Boca Raton on May 30. The “no train horn” areas apply to freight and Brightline trains, though horns may still be used in emergency situations.[49]

Bridges

The FEC rail corridor includes a number of fixed-span bridges that will be replaced as part of the project. Most do not require United States Coast Guard (USCG) permitting as they do not span significant navigable waterways and clearances will not change. Twelve other bridges—St. Johns River, Eau Gallie River, St. Sebastian River, Crane Creek, Turkey Creek, West Palm Beach Canal, Boynton Canal, Middle River (both the North and South Fork), Oleta River, Arch Creek and Hillsboro Canal—will require permitting by the USCG. In addition, the project calls for significant investment and upgrades to three moveable bridges: St. Lucie, Loxahatchee, and New River. These improvements will ensure that bridge mechanical systems for raising and lowering the bridge spans are either fully upgraded or replaced. All Aboard Florida has stated that, prior to it becoming operational, it will start to regularly notify mariners of scheduled bridge closings via the internet, smart phone application and countdown signage on the bridges to enable mariners to have real-time information to decrease wait times at each bridge. Also, the company will station a bridge tender at the New River bridge.[13]

West Palm Beach-Treasure Coast

The company has also planned on extending service to the Treasure Coast. Fort Pierce, which last had passenger train service in the 1960s, has expressed interest. In 2018 the company announced that it was looking at downtown sites for a new Fort Pierce station for the Brightline train with plans to ultimately extend northwest to Orlando.[50] [51]

Cocoa–Orlando

The proposed line between Cocoa and Orlando is the only segment that does not have existing track or right-of-way owned by FEC. Originally, the Central Florida Expressway Authority (CFX) believed it could accommodate building new tracks for the project within the BeachLine Expressway's 300-foot (91 m) wide right-of-way. However, it determined that the right of way was too narrow to accommodate the tracks, additional utility lines, and any future roadway expansions. CFX began negotiations with Deseret Ranch, which owns the land just south of the BeachLine, to purchase additional land in order to widen the right-of-way. According to a pact made on July 16, 2013, CFX tentatively agreed to pay $12 million for an extra 200 ft (61 m) along the 22-mile (35 km) BeachLine corridor between Cocoa and Orlando International Airport.[52] In early October 2013, CFX and All Aboard Florida reached a formal purchase agreement for the land required for the right-of-way. Although construction was slated to originally begin in early 2015, construction of the segment is now proposed to start in 2018.[17]

Also in October 2013, the Greater Orlando Aviation Authority (GOAA) board approved development of a station and maintenance facility on Orlando International Airport property, as well as an easement to build track between the station and the mainline to the coast.[53]

This segment of the proposed line will operate at speeds of up to 125 mph (201 km/h) and will meet the United States Code's definition of High-speed rail, which includes rail services that are "reasonably expected to reach sustained speeds of more than 125 miles per hour".[54] The Congressional Research Service uses the term "higher" speed rail for top speeds up to 150 mph (241 km/h).[55]

Maintenance

All Aboard Florida is constructing two maintenance facilities for their Brightline service. The first is a Running Repair Facility, located north of the West Palm Beach station at 601 15th Street, designed for maintenance and minor repair work that does not require the train to be removed from service. The 12-acre site has been under construction since at least January 2016. The land includes vintage industrial buildings, which will be renovated for the workshop. The facility, named "workshop b," will be able to handle four 10-car train sets, and includes a maintenance pit for access to the underside of the trains. More extensive maintenance/repair will be accomplished at a second site near the Orlando International Airport Intermodal Terminal[56]

Service

Schematic of rapid transit and passenger rail service in the Miami metropolitan area in 2017. Tri-Rail Downtown Miami Link is scheduled to be operational in 2019.

Route

The route is made up of the following stations, from north to south:

County Station Brightline
in-service date		 Connections
Orange CountyOrlando AirportPlannedOrlando International Airport Orlando International Airport
Lynx: Links 11, 42, 51, 111, 407 & 436S
SunRail Train to Plane: Link 111 Nonstop Express
Palm Beach CountyWest Palm BeachJanuary 13, 2018 Palm Tran Bus: 1, 40, 41, & The Bolt 1
Palm Trolley: Yellow Line
Tri-Rail Commuter Connector: WPB-1
Broward CountyFort LauderdaleJanuary 13, 2018 BCT Bus: Central Terminal 1, 6, 9, 10, 11, 14, 20, 22, 30, 31, 40, 50, 60, 81, & US 1 Breeze
Sun Trolley: Downtown Link, Neighborhood Link, & NW Community Link
Tri-Rail Commuter Connector: FL-1 & FL-3
Miami-Dade CountyMiamiCentralMay 19, 2018[15][16] Metrorail: Government Center Orange & Green Lines, including connections to Miami International Airport.
Metromover: Government Center Inner, Brickell, & Omni Loops
Metrobus: Government Center 2, 3, 7, 9, 11, 21, 51, 77, 93, 95, S (119), 120, 207, 208, 246, 277, & 500
BCT Bus: Government Center 95 Express & 595 Express
Miami Trolley: Coral Way

Schedule

Between Miami and West Palm Beach, there are 16 round trips Monday through Friday, and eight and seven on Saturdays and Sundays, respectively.[57]

Ridership

During the first two and a half months of introductory service between West Palm Beach and Fort Lauderdale, ridership totaled 74,780, increasing from 17,800 in January to 32,900 in March 2018.[58] The company itself announced that the ridership has been triple to what had been expected.[59] The forecast provided to bond investors calls for 240,000 passengers per month by 2020 which includes service to Miami.[60] Analyst Fitch Ratings has said that the company can break even at 56% of their ridership forecast.[59]

Stations

The three South Florida stations were designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill in association with Zyscovich Architects.[61] Rockwell Group designed the interiors.[62] All three have adjacent parking garages which offer parking at the rate of $6 per day, eff. July 1, 2018.[63]

Miami

MiamiCentral Station entrance

The downtown Miami station, known as MiamiCentral (not to be confused with Miami Central Station near Miami International Airport), spans nine acres located just east of Miami-Dade County Hall and includes 3 million square feet of mixed-use development with residential, office and commercial, and a retail concourse. The station connects Brightline with the Metrorail, Metromover, County bus and City of Miami trolley systems.[64] The new Brightline station officially connects the following transit modes: 2 Metrorail stations, 2 Metromover stations, Metrobus, and the future Tri-Rail station. This increases connections to activities and tourist destinations, including the Performing Arts Center, Bayside Market and Bayfront Park. Service to Miami began on May 19, 2018.[15][16]

Fort Lauderdale

Brightline Fort Lauderdale Station

The Fort Lauderdale station is located at NW 2nd Avenue between Broward Boulevard and NW 4th Street. The four-acre station site has a 60,000 sq ft (5,574 m2) station and platform. The Brightline train service in Ft. Lauderdale connects to the Sun Trolley and Broward County Transit system.[65] Brightline also owns about three acres of land to the east of the Florida East Coast Railway corridor, where there are plans to build a transit oriented development.[66]

West Palm Beach

The West Palm Beach station is located between Datura and Evernia Streets and to the west of Quadrille. The two-acre station site has a 60,000 sq ft (5,574 m2) station and platform that connect with the neighborhood’s existing vehicular, trolley and pedestrian networks and establish links to the Tri-Rail, Palm Tran Downtown Trolley and Amtrak West Palm Beach station.[67]

Orlando

The Orlando station will be included as part of the new Orlando International Airport Intermodal Terminal that is currently under construction at Orlando International Airport.[68] At the terminal, Brightline service is expected to connect to a future leg of the SunRail commuter rail system, and possibly to a proposed rail link to the International Drive area and the Orlando Convention Center.[69]

Technical

Rolling stock

In September 2014, All Aboard Florida announced an order of five Siemens trainsets. Each Brightline train set initially consists of four passenger coaches, with a SCB-40 diesel-electric locomotive on each end.[2] The coaches, with interiors designed by the LAB at Rockwell Group,[70] feature ergonomic seating, Wi-Fi, level boarding, and meet ADA compliance standards. Each trainset holds 240 passengers.[15] Working with All Aboard Florida, the LAB also conceived the Brightline name, brand platform, and visual identity.[71] The entire trainset, including passenger cars, were manufactured by Siemens in its solar-powered plant in Florin, California. Once the route to Orlando is in operation, the trainsets will be expanded to seven coaches, and five more complete trainsets will be purchased.[72][73] The first of five trainsets departed the Siemens factory on December 8, 2016,[74] and arrived in West Palm Beach on December 14.[75] The last trainset arrived in South Florida in October 2017.[76]

Brightline offers two classes of service: "Select" and "Smart," with one and three coaches available on each trainset, respectively. "Select" offers 2x1 and four-to-a-table seating with 50 21-inch (530 mm)-wide seats per car and complimentary snacks and beverages, while the slightly less expensive "Smart" fare coaches seat 66 with narrower 19-inch (480 mm)-wide seats, with snacks and beverages available for purchase.[77][78] Each trainset is able to hold 240 passengers.[15]

Photo Year Make Model Total Power Weight
 2017 Siemens Mobility SCB-40 10 units[2] 4,000 hp (3,000 kW)[79] 264,556 lb (120,001 kg)[80]

Future expansion

Brevard County is lobbying for a Brightline stop as part of the expansion to Orlando and elsewhere, as the line will pass through the county.[81] The Space Coast Transportation Planning Organization has selected a site on Clearlake Road in Cocoa as its proposal to Brightline.[82] It is also possible that there may be an intermediate station built in Fort Pierce.[83]

Brightline has announced intentions to extend the line to other areas when the initial phase is complete. Jacksonville is a likely expansion destination, as the Florida East Coast Railway already owns tracks running there.[84][85] Brightline officials indicated that the Tampa Bay Area is also a desirable future location.[84] In June 2018, Brightline began participation in a Request for Proposal process with the Florida Department of Transportation for the leasing of right-of-way along I-4 between Orlando and the Tampa Bay Area.[86]

On September 18, 2018, Brightline announced the acquisition of XpressWest, a private company developing a high-speed rail project connecting Las Vegas with Southern California via Victorville, California. Brightline announced its intent of purchasing 38 acres of land near the Las Vegas Strip for a station and building the line following the Interstate 15 corridor from Las Vegas to Southern California, with the entry into service projected for 2022.[87]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Cummins QSK95 achieves Tier 4 certification". Railway Gazette. April 6, 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 "Brightline unveils Siemens locomotives and coaches". June 8, 2016.
  3. 1 2 "All Aboard Florida - Miami to Orlando Passenger Rail Service". Federal Railroad Authority. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  4. ↑ Broadt, Lisa (January 12, 2018). "First ride: Aboard Florida's new Brightline train". King5. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
  5. ↑ Sumsion, Oneita Burnside (1983). Thistle – Focus on Disaster. Art City Publishing Company. pp. 73–75. ISBN 0-936860-14-6.
  6. ↑ https://epaper.palmbeachpost.com/html5/reader/production/default.aspx?pubname=Palm%20Beach%20Post&pubid=daf23f94-2232-4d82-b9c7-dbfb5ce03674
  7. ↑ url=http://press.gobrightline.com/showPressRelease/100055086
  8. ↑ "All Aboard Florida plan announced". Railway Gazette. March 28, 2012. Retrieved April 8, 2018. [ All Aboard Florida plan announced] Railway Gazette International March 28, 2012
  9. ↑ "Quiet zones plans for FEC tracks get boost, as All Aboard Florida picks up costs for some safety upgrades". Palm Beach Post. September 19, 2013.
  10. ↑ "All Aboard Florida seeks federal loan". Orlando Sentinel. March 18, 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2013.
  11. ↑ "All Aboard Florida shocker: Rail seeks private financing". Palm Beach Post. October 8, 2014.
  12. ↑ "High-speed rail service heads south". Florida Today. Associated Press. July 9, 2014.
  13. 1 2 "All Aboard Florida - Miami to Orlando Passenger Rail Service Draft Environmental Impact Statement". Federal Railroad Administration. September 19, 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  14. ↑ "All Aboard Florida Final Environmental Impact Statement". Federal Railroad Administration. August 4, 2015. U.S. Department of Transportation. Federal Railroad Administration. Environmental Reviews. All Aboard Florida Final Environmental Impact Statement. August 4, 2015
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Roustan, Wayne K. (May 19, 2018). "All aboard as Brightline launches fast train service to Miami". Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
  16. 1 2 3 4 Jacoby, Kenny (May 19, 2018). "Brightline's inaugural West Palm-to-Miami trip draws crowd, celebration". Retrieved May 20, 2018.
  17. 1 2 "F A Q". gobrightline.com. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
  18. 1 2 Hudak, Stephen (June 19, 2018). "Brightline high-speed passenger train gets Orange County OK to lay tracks in wetlands". OrlandoSentinel.com. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
  19. ↑ "All Aboard Florida unveils branding of its rail service". The Real Deal Miami. November 9, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  20. ↑ Chardy, Alfonso (August 25, 2014). "Work begins — finally — on Miami-to-Orlando fast train". Miami Herald. Retrieved August 26, 2014.
  21. ↑ Robbins, John Charles (September 27, 2016). "Brightline passenger rail service 65% built". Miami Today. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
  22. ↑ Judy, Scott (July 30, 2014). "All Aboard Florida Taps Suffolk to Build Miami Station". ENR Southeast. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  23. ↑ Chardy, Alfonso (March 9, 2015). "On track: Details for downtown Miami railway hub are revealed". The Miami Herald. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  24. ↑ Turnbell, Michael (October 29, 2014). "Demolition begins for All Aboard Florida's new station". SunSentinel. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
  25. ↑ Sorentrue, Jennifer (November 12, 2014). "All Aboard Florida to begin construction today on West Palm Beach station". Palm Beach Post. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  26. ↑ Turnbell, Michael (January 20, 2015). "Rail picks contractor for Fort Lauderdale, WPB stations". Sun Sentinel. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  27. ↑ Sorentrue, Jennifer (November 28, 2017). "Brightline to start limited service in December". Palm Beach Post. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  28. ↑ Sorentrue, Jennifer (July 24, 2017). "Brightline's Orlando leg delayed to 2020". myPalmBeachPost. Cox Media Group. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  29. ↑ Talley, Karen. "All Aboard Florida gains easement, hints at Jacksonville in contract". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
  30. ↑ "Brightline wins extension to issue bonds for Orlando leg". mypalmbeachpost. May 31, 2018. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
  31. ↑ Broadt, Lisa (August 29, 2018). TC Palm https://www.tcpalm.com/story/news/local/shaping-our-future/all-aboard-florida/2018/08/29/brightline-receives-1-15-billion-private-activity-bonds/1122152002/. Retrieved September 28, 2018. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  32. ↑ Sorentrue, Jennifer (January 7, 2018). "Brightline allows passengers onboard for staff training exercises". Palm Beach Post. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
  33. ↑ "Happy rails to you: Brightline high-speed trains roll into action". my Palm Beach Post. January 13, 2018. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
  34. ↑ "Brightline slates fares and service date". Railway Age. January 11, 2018. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
  35. ↑ Broadt, Lisa (January 17, 2018). "Second person in less than a week killed by high-speed Brightline train in South Florida". USA Today. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  36. ↑ Darrah, Nicole (April 8, 2018). "New high-speed Florida train kills 4th person since launching service". Fox News. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
  37. ↑ "FECI Bringing Private Passenger Rail To Florida By 2014". Metro Jacksonville. Retrieved July 16, 2012. FECI envisions a three-hour trip between the cities at an average speed similar to the Acela between New York and Washington, DC... The initial 240-mile project between Orlando and downtown Miami is expected to cost $1 billion.
  38. ↑ "ACELA High-Speed Rail Network System". Railway Technology. Retrieved May 19, 2012. The 225 mile (362km) New York Penn Station to Washington, DC takes 2 hours 48 minutes, an average of 80mph (129km/h).
  39. ↑ Gale, Kevin (March 22, 2012). "Florida East Coast Industries plans Miami-to-Orlando passenger service". South Florida Business Journal. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
  40. ↑ Parker, Terri (July 23, 2014). "State requires All Aboard Florida to install millions in safety upgrades". WPBF. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
  41. ↑ "Private passenger train vision calls for double-tracking Florida East Coast". Trains Magazine. March 23, 2012. Retrieved March 29, 2012. (Subscription required (help)).
  42. ↑ "All Aboard Florida Passenger Rail Project FONSI". Federal Railroad Administration. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  43. ↑ "Southeast Florida Passenger Rail Update: Sept. 20, 2013 Council Meeting" (PDF). Trasurer Coast Regional Planning Council. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  44. ↑ Stone, Rick (August 14, 2014). ""Quiet Zones" Along The FEC Tracks May Silence Critics As Well As Train Whistles". WLRN. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  45. ↑ "Federal Railroad Administration's Train Horn & Quiet Zone Rule". Union Pacific. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  46. ↑ Reiser, Emon (August 13, 2014). "All Aboard Florida secures funds for Broward-Palm Beach quiet zone". South Florida Business Journal. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  47. ↑ Chardy, Alfonso (January 16, 2015). "With "quiet zones' funded for Miami-Dade, All Aboard Florida moves ahead". Miami Herald. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  48. ↑ Sorentrue, Jennifer (January 11, 2018). "UPDATE: Quiet zone work to be completed in March, Brightline says". Palm Beach Post. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
  49. ↑ Shatzman, Marci (May 30, 2018). "Trains to silence horns at 10 Boca Raton crossings". Sun Sentinel. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
  50. ↑ Janny Rodriguez, WPTV September 6, 2018 "Brightline considers Fort Pierce train station," https://www.wptv.com/news/region-st-lucie-county/fort-pierce/brightlineconsiders-fort-pierce-train-station
  51. ↑ Keona Gardner, TC Palm, September 5, 2018 "Fort Pierce: Brightline wants to build station, hotel at H.D. King site downtown" https://www.tcpalm.com/story/news/local/shaping-our-future/all-aboard-florida/2018/09/05/brightline-interested-h-d-king-site-fort-pierce/1199122002/
  52. ↑ Tracy, Dan (July 16, 2013). "Deal could lead to Miami-Orlando train, extended Osceola toll road". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
  53. ↑ "All Aboard Florida secures right-of-way, station agreements". Railway Track and Structures. October 4, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
  54. ↑ "49 U.S.C. 26105 - Definitions". U.S. Government Publishing Office. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
  55. ↑ "The Development of High Speed Rail in the United States: Issues and Recent Events" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
  56. ↑ Seemuth, Mike (January 18, 2016). "Concrete pours for Brightline facility in West Palm Beach". The Real Deal Miami. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
  57. ↑ "Schedule". Brightline. 2018. Retrieved September 2, 2018.
  58. ↑ Broadt, Lisa (2018-06-29). "Brightline financial documents reveal first quarter ridership, revenue". TCPalm. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  59. 1 2 "Brightline Ridership Triples Expectations; Miami To Start By End Of April". The Next Miami. April 13, 2018.
  60. ↑ "Here's How Many Passengers Have Been Riding Brightline Trains". The Next Miami. April 30, 2018.
  61. ↑ "SOM completes three new Brightline Florida rail stations". Archinect. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
  62. ↑ "Brightline - Rockwell Group". www.rockwellgroup.com. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
  63. ↑ Kornfield, Meryl (2018-07-02). "Brightline's garages start charging customers to park". Sun-Sentinel.com. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  64. ↑ "Here Are Leasing Plans And New Renderings For All Aboard Florida's MiamiCentral Station Project". The Next Miami. September 22, 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  65. ↑ "Fort Lauderdale". gobrightline.com. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
  66. ↑ Wallman, Brittany (May 4, 2014). "Rail firm appears on track to transform Fort Lauderdale". Sun Sentinel. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  67. ↑ Sorentrue, Jennifer (November 11, 2014). "All Aboard Florida updates WPB station design". Palm Beach Post. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  68. ↑ Fluker, Anjali (August 11, 2014). "Exclusive: What All Aboard Florida rail station may include at Orlando airport". Orlando Business Journal. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  69. ↑ GOAA. "South APM Station/Garage "C" - Orlando International Aiport (MCO)". Orlando International Aiport (MCO). Retrieved June 10, 2018.
  70. ↑ Trejos, Nancy (November 9, 2015). "New Florida train service to whisk passengers between Miami and Orlando". USA Today.
  71. ↑ "Florida's Brightline to 'take the grey out of travel'". Railway Gazette. November 10, 2015.
  72. ↑ "All Aboard Florida Selects Siemens as Train Manufacturer" (Press release). All Aboard Florida. September 11, 2014. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
  73. ↑ Brinkmann, Paul (September 11, 2014). "Siemens to build All Aboard Florida trains". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  74. ↑ Hendrickson, Eric (December 13, 2016). "First Brightline train on FEC rails". Trains Magazine. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
  75. ↑ Viglucci, Andres (December 14, 2016). "Take a gander at the very first finished Brightline train, now steaming to South Florida". Miami Herald. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
  76. ↑ "Fifth Trainset Delivered As Brightline Named Official Train Service Of Miami HEAT" (Press release). Brightline. October 5, 2017. Retrieved May 20, 2018 – via PR Newswire.
  77. ↑ "Brightline train service begins in South Florida". WFTV 9. January 11, 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
  78. ↑ "Trains". Brightline. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
  79. ↑ "Brightline going biodiesel". June 5, 2017. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
  80. ↑ "Charger Diesel-Electric Locomotive: All Aboard Florida" (PDF). Siemens Mobility. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 23, 2016. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  81. ↑ Berman, Dave (December 4, 2015). "Brightline rail project moves ahead; Brevard seeks stop". Florida Today. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  82. ↑ Neale, Rick (March 10, 2016). "Cocoa eyed for possible All Aboard Florida train station". Florida Today. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  83. ↑ "Fort Pierce takes first steps toward Brightline station". TC Palm. Treasure Coast Newspapers. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
  84. 1 2 "All Aboard Florida ticketing 15 months off". Miami Today. October 13, 2015. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  85. ↑ Davis, Ennis (December 23, 2015). "High speed rail project has eye on Jacksonville". Metro Jacksonville. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  86. ↑ Kornfield, Meryl (2018-06-25). "Brightline eyes Orlando to Tampa route". Sun-Sentinel.com. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  87. ↑ "Brightline to Build Express Intercity Passenger Rail Connecting Southern California and Las Vegas". Brightline. September 18, 2018.

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