Barisan Mountains

Geological map of Bukit Barisan.

The Bukit Barisan or the Barisan Mountains are a mountain range on the western side of Sumatra, Indonesia, covering nearly 1,700 km (1,050 mi) from the north to the south of the island. The Bukit Barisan range consists primarily of volcanoes shrouded in dense jungle cover, including Sumatran tropical pine forests on the higher slopes.^[1] The highest peak of the range is Mount Kerinci at 3,800 metres (12,467 ft).^[2] The Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park is situated towards the southern end of the range.

The name Bukit Barisan actually means "row of hills" or "hills that make a row" in Malay, for the range stretches end to end along the island of Sumatra.

There are 35 active volcanoes in Bukit Barisan. The largest volcano is the supervolcano Toba within the 100 km (62 miles) × 30 km (19 miles) Lake Toba, which was created after a caldera collapse (est. in 74,000 Before Present).^[3] The eruption is estimated to have been at level eight on the VEI scale, the largest possible for a volcanic eruption.

List of volcanoes

The following list is sourced from the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program.^[4]

Name	Shape	Elevation	Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Weh	stratovolcano	7002617000000000000♠617 metres (2,024 ft)	Pleistocene	5°49′N 95°17′E / 5.82°N 95.28°E / 5.82; 95.28
Seulawah Agam	stratovolcano	7003181000000000000♠1,810 metres (5,940 ft)	1839 (2)	5°26′53″N 95°39′29″E / 5.448°N 95.658°E / 5.448; 95.658
Peuet Sague	complex volcano	7003280100000000000♠2,801 metres (9,190 ft)	25 December 2000 (2)	4°54′50″N 96°19′44″E / 4.914°N 96.329°E / 4.914; 96.329
Geureudong	stratovolcano	7003288500000000000♠2,885 metres (9,465 ft)	1937	4°48′47″N 96°49′12″E / 4.813°N 96.82°E / 4.813; 96.82
Kembar	shield volcano	7003224500000000000♠2,245 metres (7,365 ft)	Pleistocene	3°51′00″N 97°39′50″E / 3.850°N 97.664°E / 3.850; 97.664
Sibayak	stratovolcano	7003221200000000000♠2,212 metres (7,257 ft)	1881	3°14′N 98°31′E / 3.23°N 98.52°E / 3.23; 98.52
Sinabung	stratovolcano	7003246000000000000♠2,460 metres (8,070 ft)	7 September 2010	3°10′12″N 98°23′31″E / 3.17°N 98.392°E / 3.17; 98.392
Toba	supervolcano	7003215700000000000♠2,157 metres (7,077 ft)	cca 75.000 years ago	2°35′N 98°50′E / 2.58°N 98.83°E / 2.58; 98.83
Helatoba-Tarutung	fumarole field	7003110000000000000♠1,100 metres (3,600 ft)	Pleistocene	2°02′N 98°56′E / 2.03°N 98.93°E / 2.03; 98.93
Imun	unknown	7003150500000000000♠1,505 metres (4,938 ft)	unknown	2°09′29″N 98°55′48″E / 2.158°N 98.93°E / 2.158; 98.93
Sibualbuali	stratovolcano	7003181900000000000♠1,819 metres (5,968 ft)	unknown	1°33′22″N 99°15′18″E / 1.556°N 99.255°E / 1.556; 99.255
Lubukraya	stratovolcano	7003186200000000000♠1,862 metres (6,109 ft)	unknown	1°28′41″N 99°12′32″E / 1.478°N 99.209°E / 1.478; 99.209
Sorikmarapi	stratovolcano	7003214500000000000♠2,145 metres (7,037 ft)	1986 (1)	0°41′10″N 99°32′20″E / 0.686°N 99.539°E / 0.686; 99.539
Talakmau	complex volcano	7003291900000000000♠2,919 metres (9,577 ft)	unknown	0°04′44″N 99°58′48″E / 0.079°N 99.98°E / 0.079; 99.98
Sarik-Gajah	volcanic cone	unknown	unknown	0°00′29″N 100°12′00″E / 0.008°N 100.20°E / 0.008; 100.20
Marapi	complex volcano	7003289100000000000♠2,891 metres (9,485 ft)	5 August 2004 (2)	0°22′52″S 100°28′23″E / 0.381°S 100.473°E / -0.381; 100.473
Tandikat	stratovolcano	7003243800000000000♠2,438 metres (7,999 ft)	1924 (1)	0°25′59″S 100°19′01″E / 0.433°S 100.317°E / -0.433; 100.317
Talang	stratovolcano	7003259700000000000♠2,597 metres (8,520 ft)	12 April 2005 (2)	0°58′41″S 100°40′44″E / 0.978°S 100.679°E / -0.978; 100.679
Kerinci	stratovolcano	7003380000000000000♠3,800 metres (12,500 ft)	22 June 2004 (2)	1°41′49″S 101°15′50″E / 1.697°S 101.264°E / -1.697; 101.264
Hutapanjang	stratovolcano	7003202100000000000♠2,021 metres (6,631 ft)	unknown	2°20′S 101°36′E / 2.33°S 101.60°E / -2.33; 101.60
Sumbing	stratovolcano	7003250700000000000♠2,507 metres (8,225 ft)	23 May 1921 (2)	2°24′50″S 101°43′41″E / 2.414°S 101.728°E / -2.414; 101.728
Kunyit	stratovolcano	7003215100000000000♠2,151 metres (7,057 ft)	unknown	2°35′31″S 101°37′48″E / 2.592°S 101.63°E / -2.592; 101.63
Pendan	unknown	unknown	unknown	2°49′S 102°01′E / 2.82°S 102.02°E / -2.82; 102.02
Belirang-Beriti	compound	7003195800000000000♠1,958 metres (6,424 ft)	unknown	2°49′S 102°11′E / 2.82°S 102.18°E / -2.82; 102.18
Bukit Daun	stratovolcano	7003246700000000000♠2,467 metres (8,094 ft)	unknown	3°23′S 102°22′E / 3.38°S 102.37°E / -3.38; 102.37
Kaba	stratovolcano	7003195200000000000♠1,952 metres (6,404 ft)	22 August 2000 (1)	3°31′S 102°37′E / 3.52°S 102.62°E / -3.52; 102.62
Dempo	stratovolcano	7003317300000000000♠3,173 metres (10,410 ft)	October 1994 (1)	4°02′S 103°08′E / 4.03°S 103.13°E / -4.03; 103.13
Patah	unknown	7003281700000000000♠2,817 metres (9,242 ft)	unknown	4°16′S 103°18′E / 4.27°S 103.30°E / -4.27; 103.30
Bukit Lumut Balai	stratovolcano	7003205500000000000♠2,055 metres (6,742 ft)	unknown	4°14′S 103°37′E / 4.23°S 103.62°E / -4.23; 103.62
Besar	stratovolcano	7003189900000000000♠1,899 metres (6,230 ft)	April 1940 (1)	4°26′S 103°40′E / 4.43°S 103.67°E / -4.43; 103.67
Ranau	caldera	7003188100000000000♠1,881 metres (6,171 ft)	unknown	4°50′S 103°55′E / 4.83°S 103.92°E / -4.83; 103.92
Sekincau Belirang	caldera	7003171900000000000♠1,719 metres (5,640 ft)	unknown	5°07′S 104°19′E / 5.12°S 104.32°E / -5.12; 104.32
Suoh	caldera	7003100000000000000♠1,000 metres (3,300 ft)	10 July 1933 (4)	5°15′S 104°16′E / 5.25°S 104.27°E / -5.25; 104.27
Hulubelu	caldera	7003104000000000000♠1,040 metres (3,410 ft)	1836	5°21′S 104°36′E / 5.35°S 104.60°E / -5.35; 104.60
Rajabasa	stratovolcano	7003128100000000000♠1,281 metres (4,203 ft)	1798	5°46′48″S 105°37′30″E / 5.78°S 105.625°E / -5.78; 105.625

An overhead view of a land formation that is brightly coloured with patches of pink, blue, green, white, and black in irregular configurations.

Landsat image of Lake Toba

A photograph depicting a blue sky with white clouds at the top, a grey mountain range in the middle, and green foliage at the bottom.

Marapi

References

↑ Travelling in Indonesia Archived August 18, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
↑ "Kerinci". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
↑ Oppenheimer, C. (2002). "Limited global change due to the largest known Quaternary eruption, Toba ≈74 kyr BP?". Quaternary Science Reviews. 21 (14&ndash, 15): 1593&ndash, 1609. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00154-8.
↑ "Volcanoes of Indonesia - Sumatra". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 30 December 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-17.

Coordinates: 3°00′S 102°15′E / 3.000°S 102.250°E / -3.000; 102.250

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Travelling in Indonesia Archived August 18, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.

[2] "Kerinci". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.

[Oppenheimer2002-3] Oppenheimer, C. (2002). "Limited global change due to the largest known Quaternary eruption, Toba ≈74 kyr BP?". Quaternary Science Reviews. 21 (14&ndash, 15): 1593&ndash, 1609. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00154-8.

[4] "Volcanoes of Indonesia - Sumatra". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 30 December 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-17.

Barisan Mountains

List of volcanoes

See also

References