Alan Rickman

Alan Rickman
Rickman in November 2011
Born Alan Sidney Patrick Rickman
(1946-02-21)21 February 1946
Hammersmith, London, England
Died 14 January 2016(2016-01-14) (aged 69)
London, England
Occupation Actor, director
Years active 1974–2016
Spouse(s)
Rima Horton
(m. 2012)

Alan Sidney Patrick Rickman (21 February 1946 – 14 January 2016) was an English actor and director.

Rickman trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London and became a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company, performing in modern and classical theatre productions. His first big television role came in 1982, but his big break was as the Vicomte de Valmont in the stage production of Les Liaisons Dangereuses in 1985, for which he was nominated for a Tony Award.

Rickman's first film role was as the German terrorist leader Hans Gruber in Die Hard (1988). Rickman's other film roles included the Sheriff of Nottingham in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991), for which he received the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Jamie in Truly, Madly, Deeply (1991), P.L. O'Hara in An Awfully Big Adventure (1995), Colonel Brandon in Sense and Sensibility (1995), Alexander Dane in Galaxy Quest (1999), Harry in Love Actually (2003) and Judge Turpin in the film adaptation of Stephen Sondheim's musical of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007). Rickman gained further notice for his film performances as Severus Snape in the Harry Potter series.[1] Rickman also starred in television films, playing the title character in Rasputin: Dark Servant of Destiny (1996), which won him a Golden Globe Award, an Emmy Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award, and Dr. Alfred Blalock in the Emmy-winning Something the Lord Made (2004).

Rickman died of pancreatic cancer on 14 January 2016 at age 69.[2] His final film roles were as Lieutenant General Frank Benson in the thriller Eye in the Sky (2015), and the voice of Absolem, the caterpillar in Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016).

Early life

Alan Sidney Patrick Rickman was born into a working class family in Hammersmith, London,[3] on 21 February 1946.[4][5] He was the son of Margaret Doreen Rose (née Bartlett),[6][7] a housewife,[5][8] and Bernard William Rickman,[9][10] a factory worker, house painter and decorator, and former World War II aircraft fitter.[5][8][11] Rickman was of Irish and Welsh descent.[12] His father was Catholic and his mother was a Methodist.[13] Rickman had two brothers, David and Michael, and a sister, Sheila.[5] When he was eight years old, Rickman's father died of lung cancer, leaving his mother to raise him and his three siblings mostly alone. According to Paton, the family was "rehoused by the council and moved to an Acton estate to the west of Wormwood Scrubs Prison, where his mother struggled to bring up four children on her own by working for the Post Office."[5][14] She married again in 1960, but divorced Rickman's stepfather after three years.[5][13][15]

Before Rickman met Rima Horton at age 19, he stated that his first crush was at 10 years old on a girl named Amanda at his school's sports day.[16] As a child, he excelled at calligraphy and watercolour painting. Rickman attended Derwentwater Primary School in Acton, and then Latymer Upper School in London through the Direct Grant system, where he became involved in drama. After leaving Latymer, he attended Chelsea College of Art and Design and then the Royal College of Art. This education allowed him to work as a graphic designer for the Royal College of Art's in-house magazine, ARK, and the Notting Hill Herald, which he considered a more stable occupation than acting; he later said that drama school "wasn't considered the sensible thing to do at 18".[17][18][19] After graduation, Rickman and several friends opened a graphic design studio called Graphiti, but after three years of successful business, he decided that he was going to pursue acting professionally. He wrote to request an audition with the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA),[20] which he attended from 1972 until 1974. While there, he supported himself by working as a dresser for Sir Nigel Hawthorne and Sir Ralph Richardson.[21]

Career

Rickman in December 2009

After graduating from RADA, Rickman worked extensively with British repertory and experimental theatre groups in productions including Chekhov's The Seagull and Snoo Wilson's The Grass Widow at the Royal Court Theatre, and appeared three times at the Edinburgh International Festival. In 1978, he performed with the Court Drama Group, gaining roles in Romeo and Juliet and A View from the Bridge, among other plays. While working with the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), he was cast in As You Like It. He appeared in The Barchester Chronicles (1982), the BBC's adaptation of Trollope's first two Barchester novels, as the Reverend Obadiah Slope.[22][23]

Rickman was given the male lead, the Vicomte de Valmont, in the 1985 Royal Shakespeare Company production of Christopher Hampton's adaptation of Les Liaisons Dangereuses, directed by Howard Davies.[24] After the RSC production transferred to Broadway in 1987, Rickman received both a Tony Award nomination and a Drama Desk Award nomination for his performance.[25]

Rickman has played a wide range of roles. He played romantic leads including Colonel Brandon in Sense and Sensibility (1995) and Jamie in Truly, Madly, Deeply (1991); numerous villains in Hollywood big-budget films, including German criminal Hans Gruber in Die Hard (1988), Australian Elliot Marston opposite Tom Selleck in Quigley Down Under (1990) and the Sheriff of Nottingham in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991); and the occasional television role such as Dr. Alfred Blalock in HBO's Something the Lord Made (2004) and the "mad monk" Rasputin in the HBO biopic Rasputin: Dark Servant of Destiny (1996), for which he won a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award.[26]

Rickman's role as Hans Gruber in Die Hard earned him a spot on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains list as the 46th best villain in film history, though he revealed he almost did not take the role as he did not think Die Hard was the kind of film he wanted to make.[27] His performance as the Sheriff of Nottingham in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves also earned him praise as one of the best actors to portray a villain in films.[28][29]

Rickman took issue with being typecast as a villain, even though he was known for playing "unsympathetic characters".[30] His portrayal of Severus Snape, the potions master in the Harry Potter series (2001–2011), was dark, but the character's motivations were not clear early on.[31] During his career, Rickman played comedic roles, including as Sir Alexander Dane/Dr. Lazarus in the sci-fi parody Galaxy Quest (1999), the angel Metatron, the voice of God, in Dogma (also 1999), Emma Thompson's foolish husband Harry in the British Christmas-themed romantic comedy Love Actually (2003), providing the voice of Marvin the Paranoid Android in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005) and playing the egotistical, Nobel Prize-winning father in Nobel Son (2007).

Rickman at the 2007 Tribeca Film Festival

Rickman was nominated for an Emmy for his work as Dr. Alfred Blalock in HBO's Something the Lord Made (2004). He also starred in the independent film Snow Cake (2006) with Sigourney Weaver and Carrie-Anne Moss, and Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (also 2006), directed by Tom Tykwer. He appeared as Judge Turpin in the critically acclaimed Tim Burton film Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007) alongside Harry Potter co-stars Helena Bonham Carter and Timothy Spall. He provided the voice of Absolem the Caterpillar in Burton's film Alice in Wonderland (2010).[32]

Rickman performed onstage in Noël Coward's romantic comedy Private Lives, which transferred to Broadway after its successful run in London at the Albery Theatre and ended in September 2002; he reunited with his Les Liaisons Dangereuses co-star Lindsay Duncan and director Howard Davies in the Tony Award-winning production. Rickman's previous stage performance was in Antony and Cleopatra in 1998 as Mark Antony, with Helen Mirren as Cleopatra, in the Royal National Theatre's production at the Olivier Theatre in London, which ran from October to December 1998. Rickman appeared in Victoria Wood with All the Trimmings (2000), a Christmas special with Victoria Wood, playing an aged colonel in the battle of Waterloo who is forced to break off his engagement to Honeysuckle Weeks' character.

Rickman directed The Winter Guest at London's Almeida Theatre in 1995 and the film version of the same play, released in 1997, starring Emma Thompson and her real-life mother Phyllida Law.[33] With Katharine Viner, he compiled the play My Name Is Rachel Corrie and directed the premiere production at the Royal Court Theatre, which opened in April 2005. He won the Theatre Goers' Choice Awards for Best Director. Rickman befriended the Corrie family and earned their trust, and the show was warmly received. But the next year, its original New York production was "postponed" over the possibility of boycotts and protests from those who saw it as "anti-Israeli agit-prop". Rickman denounced "censorship born out of fear". Tony Kushner, Harold Pinter and Vanessa Redgrave, among others, criticised the decision to indefinitely delay the show. The one-woman play was put on later that year at another theatre to mixed reviews, and has since been staged at venues around the world.[34]

In 2009, Rickman was awarded the James Joyce Award by University College Dublin's Literary and Historical Society.[22] In October and November 2010, Rickman starred in the eponymous role in Henrik Ibsen's John Gabriel Borkman at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin alongside Lindsay Duncan and Fiona Shaw.[35] The Irish Independent called Rickman's performance breathtaking.[36]

Rickman and Kate Winslet at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival

Rickman again appeared as Severus Snape in the final installment in the Harry Potter series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). Throughout the series, his portrayal of Snape garnered widespread critical acclaim.[37] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times said Rickman "as always, makes the most lasting impression,"[38] while Peter Travers of Rolling Stone magazine called Rickman "sublime at giving us a glimpse at last into the secret nurturing heart that ... Snape masks with a sneer."[39]

Media coverage characterised Rickman's performance as worthy of nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.[40] His first award nominations for his role as Snape came at the 2011 Alliance of Women Film Journalists Awards, 2011 Saturn Awards, 2011 Scream Awards and 2011 St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Awards in the Best Supporting Actor category.[41]

In November 2011, Rickman opened in Seminar, a new play by Theresa Rebeck, at the John Golden Theatre on Broadway.[42] Rickman, who left the production in April, won the Broadway.com Audience Choice Award for Favorite Actor in a Play[43] and was nominated for a Drama League Award.[44]

Rickman starred with Colin Firth and Cameron Diaz in Gambit (2012) by Michael Hoffman, a remake of the 1966 film.[45] In 2013, he played Hilly Kristal, the founder of the East Village punk-rock club CBGB, in the CBGB film with Rupert Grint.[46]

In the media

Rickman posing for a fan after a performance of John Gabriel Borkman in 2011

Rickman was chosen by Empire as one of the 100 Sexiest Stars in film history (No. 34) in 1995 and ranked No. 59 in Empire's "The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time" list in October 1997. In 2009 and 2010, Rickman was ranked once again as one of the 100 Sexiest Stars by Empire, both times placing No. 8 out of the 50 actors chosen. Rickman was elected to the Council of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in 1993; he was subsequently RADA's vice-chairman and a member of its Artistic Advisory and Training committees and Development Board.[47]

Rickman was voted No. 19 in Empire magazine's Greatest Living Movie Stars over the age of 50 and was twice nominated for Broadway's Tony Award as Best Actor (Play): in 1987 for Les Liaisons Dangereuses, and in 2002 for a revival of Noël Coward's Private Lives. The Guardian named Rickman as an "honourable mention" in a list of the best actors never to have received an Academy Award nomination.[48]

Two researchers, a linguist and a sound engineer, found "the perfect [male] voice" to be a combination of Rickman's and Jeremy Irons' voices based on a sample of 50 voices.[49]

Rickman featured in several musical works, including a song composed by Adam Leonard entitled "Not Alan Rickman".[50] Credited as 'A Strolling Player' in the sleeve notes, the actor played a "Master of Ceremonies" part, announcing the various instruments at the end of the first part of Mike Oldfield's Tubular Bells II (1992) on the track "The Bell".[51] Rickman was one of the many artists who recited Shakespearian sonnets on the album When Love Speaks (2002), and also featured prominently in a music video by Texas entitled "In Demand",[52] which premiered on Europe MTV in August 2000.

Personal life

In 1965, at age 19, Rickman met 18-year-old Rima Horton, who became his girlfriend and would later be a Labour Party councillor on the Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council (1986–2006) and an economics lecturer at the nearby Kingston University.[53][54] In 2015, Rickman confirmed that they had married in a private ceremony in New York City in 2012. They lived together from 1977 until Rickman's death. The two had no children.[55]

Rickman was an active patron of the research foundation Saving Faces[56] and honorary president of the International Performers' Aid Trust, a charity that works to fight poverty amongst performing artists all over the world.[57] When discussing politics, Rickman said he "was born a card-carrying member of the Labour Party".[23]

Rickman was the godfather of fellow actor Tom Burke.[58] Rickman's brother, Michael, is a District Councillor in Leicestershire.[59]

Death

In August 2015, Rickman suffered a minor stroke, which led to the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. He revealed the fact that he had terminal cancer to only his closest confidants.[60] On 14 January 2016, Rickman died in London at age 69.[1] His remains were cremated[61] on February 3, 2016 in the West London Crematorium in Kensal Green. His ashes were given to his wife, Rima Horton. His final two films, Eye in the Sky and Alice Through the Looking Glass, were dedicated to his memory.

Tributes

Soon after his death his fans created a memorial underneath the "Platform 9¾" sign at London King's Cross railway station.[62] His death has been compared to that of David Bowie, a fellow English cultural figure who died at the same age as Rickman four days earlier, also from cancer kept private from the public.[63][64]

Tributes from Rickman's co-stars and contemporaries appeared on social media following the announcement; since his cancer was not publicly known, some—like Ralph Fiennes, who "cannot believe he is gone", and Jason Isaacs, who was "sidestepped by the awful news"—expressed their surprise.[53]

Harry Potter creator J. K. Rowling called Rickman "a magnificent actor and a wonderful man". Emma Watson wrote, "I feel so lucky to have worked and spent time with such a special man and actor. I'll really miss our conversations." Daniel Radcliffe appreciated his loyalty and support: "I'm pretty sure he came and saw everything I ever did on stage both in Britain and America. He didn't have to do that."[65] Evanna Lynch said it was scary to bump into Rickman in character as Snape, but "he was so kind and generous in the moments he wasn't Snaping about."[66] Rupert Grint said, "even though he has gone I will always hear his voice."[53]

Kate Winslet, who gave a tearful tribute at the London Film Critics' Circle Awards, remembered Rickman as warm and generous,[67] adding, "And that voice! Oh, that voice." Dame Helen Mirren said his voice "could suggest honey or a hidden stiletto blade."[53] Emma Thompson remembered "the intransigence which made him the great artist he was—his ineffable and cynical wit, the clarity with which he saw most things, including me ... I learned a lot from him."[65] Colin Firth told The Hollywood Reporter that, as an actor, Rickman had been a mentor.[68] John McTiernan, director of Die Hard, said Rickman was the antithesis of the villainous roles for which he was most famous on screen.[69] Sir Ian McKellen wrote, "behind [Rickman's] mournful face, which was just as beautiful when wracked with mirth, there was a super-active spirit, questing and achieving, a super-hero, unassuming but deadly effective."[65]

Writer/Director Kevin Smith told a tearful 10-minute story about Rickman on his Hollywood Babble On podcast. Rickman's family offered their thanks "for the messages of condolence".[70]

Filmography

Film and TV

Year Title Role Director Notes
1978 Romeo and Juliet Tybalt Alvin Rakoff BBC Television Shakespeare
1980 Thérèse Raquin Vidal 3 episodes
Shelley Clive Episode: "Nowt So Queer"
1982 Busted Simon Television film
Smiley's People Mr. Brownlow Simon Langton Episode No. 1.2
The Barchester Chronicles The Revd Obadiah Slope David Giles 5 episodes
1985 Summer Season Croop Episode: "Pity in History"
Girls on Top Dimitri / Voice of RADA 2 episodes
1988 Die Hard Hans Gruber John McTiernan
1989 Revolutionary Witness Jacques Roux Television short
The January Man Ed, the painter Pat O'Connor
Screenplay Israel Yates Episode: "The Spirit of Man"
1990 Quigley Down Under Elliot Marston Simon Wincer
1991 Truly, Madly, Deeply Jamie Anthony Minghella
Closet Land The Interrogator Radha Bharadwaj
Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves Sheriff of Nottingham Kevin Reynolds
Close My Eyes Sinclair Bryant Stephen Poliakoff
1992 Bob Roberts Lukas Hart III Tim Robbins
1993 Fallen Angels Dwight Billings Episode: "Murder, Obliquely"
1994 Mesmer Franz Mesmer Roger Spottiswoode
1995 An Awfully Big Adventure P.L. O'Hara Mike Newell
Sense and Sensibility Colonel Brandon Ang Lee
1996 Rasputin: Dark Servant of Destiny Grigori Rasputin Uli Edel- Television film
Michael Collins Éamon de Valera Neil Jordan
1997 The Winter Guest Man in street Alan Rickman Uncredited, Also director and co-writer
1998 Judas Kiss Detective David Friedman Sebastian Gutierrez
Dark Harbor David Weinberg Adam Coleman Howard
1999 Dogma The Metatron Kevin Smith
Galaxy Quest Alexander Dane / Dr. Lazarus Dean Parisot
2000 Help! I'm a Fish Joe Stefan Fjeldmark, Michael Hegner and Greg Manwaring Voice
2001 Blow Dry Phil Allen Paddy Breathnach
Play Man Anthony Minghella
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Professor Severus Snape Chris Columbus Also released as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone
The Search for John Gissing John Gissing Mike Binder
2002 King of the Hill King Philip Voice, Episode: "Joust Like a Woman"
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Professor Severus Snape Chris Columbus
2003 Love Actually Harry Richard Curtis
2004 Something the Lord Made Dr. Alfred Blalock Joseph Sargent Television film
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Professor Severus Snape Alfonso Cuarón
2005 The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Marvin the Paranoid Android Garth Jennings Voice
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Professor Severus Snape Mike Newell
2006 Snow Cake Alex Hughes Marc Evans
Perfume: The Story of a Murderer Antoine Richis Tom Tykwer
2007 Nobel Son Eli Michaelson Randall Miller
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Professor Severus Snape David Yates
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street Judge Turpin Tim Burton
2008 Bottle Shock Steven Spurrier Randall Miller
2009 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Professor Severus Snape David Yates
2010 Alice in Wonderland Absolem the Caterpillar Tim Burton Voice
The Song of Lunch He Niall MacCormick BBC Drama Production[71]
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 Professor Severus Snape David Yates
The Wildest Dream Noel Odell Anthony Geffen Voice, Documentary
2011 Portraits in Dramatic Time Himself
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 Professor Severus Snape David Yates
The Boy in the Bubble Narrator Voice, Short film
2012 Gambit Lord Shahbandar Michael Hoffman
2013 The Butler Ronald Reagan Lee Daniels
A Promise Karl Hoffmeister Patrice Leconte
CBGB Hilly Kristal Randall Miller
Dust Tooth fairy Short film
2014 A Little Chaos King Louis XIV Alan Rickman Also director and co-writer
2015 Eye in the Sky Lieutenant General Frank Benson Gavin Hood
2016 Alice Through the Looking Glass Absolem the Caterpillar into Butterfly James Bobin Voice, Posthumous release,[72] (final film role)

Stage

Year Title Role Notes
1976 Sherlock Holmes Sherlock Holmes
1977 The Devil is an Ass Wittipol
1978 Love's Labour's Lost Boyet
1978 Captain Swing Farquarson
1978 The Tempest Ferdinand
1980 Commitments Unknown
1981 The Seagull Mr. Aston
1983 The Grass Widow Unknown
1983 Bad Language Bob
1985 As You Like It Jaques
1985 Troilus and Cressida Achilles
1986 Mephisto Hendrik Hofgen
1987 Les Liaisons Dangereuses Le Vicomte de Valmont Nominated Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play, Nominated Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Play
1991 Tango at the End of Winter Sei
1992 Hamlet Hamlet
1995 The Winter Guest Director
1998 Antony and Cleopatra Mark Antony
2002 Private Lives Elyot Chase Nominated Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play
2006 My Name is Rachel Corrie Director and Editor
2008 Creditors Director
2010 John Gabriel Borkman John Gabriel Borkman
2012 Seminar Leonard

Awards and nominations

References

  1. 1 2 Itzkoff, Dave; Rogers, Katie (14 January 2016). "Alan Rickman, Watchable Villain in Harry Potter and Die Hard, Dies at 69". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  2. ↑ "Alan Rickmman, Harry Potter and Die Hard actor, dies aged 69". BBC News. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  3. ↑ "Ealing–born actor Alan Rickman". GetWestLondon. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  4. ↑ Profile, biography.com. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Paton, Maureen (1996). Alan Rickman: the unauthorised biography. London: Virgin. ISBN 1852276304.
  6. ↑ England & Wales births 1837–2006. Vol. 11A. p. 1224. Print.
  7. ↑ England & Wales deaths 1837–2007. Birth, Marriage & Death (Parish Registers). District no. 6001F. Register. no. F56C. Entry no. 094. Print.
  8. 1 2 Solway, Diane (August 1991). "Profile: Alan Rickman". European Travel and Life. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2007.
  9. ↑ England & Wales births 1837–2006. Vol. 1A. p. 515. Print.
  10. ↑ England & Wales deaths 1837–2007. Vol. 5F. p. 247. Print.
  11. ↑ 1939 United Kingdom Census. 1939 Household Register. London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, London, England; family 4, dwelling 45, lines 11–13; 1939. Print.
  12. ↑ White, Hilary A. (13 April 2015). "Alan Rickman – A working-class hero at the court of Versailles". The Irish Independent. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  13. 1 2 Mackenzie, Suzie (3 January 1998). "Angel with Horns". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2007.
  14. ↑ "Obituary: Alan Rickman." BBC News. 14 January 2016. Retrieved 5 June. 2016.
  15. ↑ England & Wales marriages 1837–2008. Vol. 5E. p. 307. Print.
  16. ↑ "Untitled Love Actually Interview." Archived 18 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Alan Archives. 10 November 2003. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  17. ↑ "THE DEVIL IN MR RICKMAN". btinternet.com. Archived from the original on 22 April 2001.
  18. ↑ The RCA Journal: The Alan Rickman Issues. It's Nice That. 15 January 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  19. ↑ Child's Play: Alan Rickman's 1970 Account of Murderous Children In An Inner-London Play Park. Flashbak. 20 January 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  20. ↑ "Interview: Evil Elegance". Alan-rickman.com. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  21. ↑ Interview Alan Rickman, abouthp.free.fr. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
  22. 1 2 Staff (14 January 2016). "British actor Alan Rickman dies aged 69". Raidió Teilifís Éireann. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  23. 1 2 Shoard, Catherine (14 January 2016). "Alan Rickman, giant of British screen and stage, dies at 70". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  24. ↑ Rich, Frank (1 May 1987). "Stage: Carnal abandon in Les Liaisons Dangereuses". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  25. ↑ Brooks, Katherine (14 January 2016). "Alan Rickman Was A Great Film Actor, But He Was A Master of Theater First". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  26. ↑ "Alan Rickman". Television Academy.
  27. ↑ "Alan Rickman: A Life in Pictures Highlights". BAFTA Guru. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
  28. ↑ The Screening Room's Top 10 British Villains, CNN. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  29. ↑ Pop Culture News TOUGH ACTOR TO FOLLOW, Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  30. ↑ "Alan Rickman, Obituary". The Sydney Morning Herald. 16 January 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  31. ↑ Berman, Craig (16 July 2007). "Is Potter's foe, Severus Snape, good or evil?". TODAY. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  32. ↑ Coveney, Michael (14 January 2016). "Alan Rickman obituary". The Guardian. London, UK. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  33. ↑ "Film: Em and Phyllida keep it in the family". The Independent. 15 January 2015.
  34. ↑ Bernstein, Adam (14 January 2016). "Alan Rickman, actor who brought dynamic menace to Die Hard and Harry Potter, dies at 69". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  35. ↑ "Abbey Theatre – Amharclann na Mainistreach". Abbeytheatre.ie. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  36. ↑ Staff (17 October 2010). "Stars set stage alight in Ibsen's dark tale". The Irish Independent. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  37. ↑ Singh, Anita (7 July 2011). "Daniel Radcliffe: Alan Rickman deserves Oscar nomination for Severus Snape". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
  38. ↑ Turan, Kenneth (13 July 2011). "Movie review: 'Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows — Part 2'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
  39. ↑ Travers, Peter (13 July 2011). "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Part 2". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
  40. ↑ Schwartz, Terri (9 November 2011). "'Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows' For Your Consideration Oscars Ad Launched". MTV. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
       Lukac, Michael (15 July 2011). "Harry Potter: Alan Rickman Destined for Oscar Nomination?". International Business Times. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
  41. ↑ "Alliance of Women Film Journalists Awards 2011". Movie City News. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  42. ↑ Brantley, Ben (20 November 2011). "Shredding Egos, One Semicolon at a Time – 'Seminar' by Theresa Rebeck, a review". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
  43. ↑ Brantley, Ben (15 May 2012). "Alan Rickman's Broadway.com Audience Choice Award Win Brings Back Memories of a 'Very Good Time' in Seminar". Broadway.com. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
  44. ↑ Brantley, Ben (24 April 2012). "2012 Drama League Award Nominations Announced!". Broadwayworld.com. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
  45. ↑ "A Caper by the Coens, With a Fake Monet". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  46. ↑ Kit, Borys (12 September 2012). The New York Times, ed. "Alan Rickman to Play CBGB Founder in Biopic".
  47. ↑ Staff (14 January 2016). "Alan Rickman, 1946–2016". Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  48. ↑ Singer, Leigh (19 February 2009). "Oscars: the best actors never to have been nominated". The Guardian. London, UK.
  49. ↑ "Formula 'secret of perfect voice'". BBC News. 30 May 2008. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  50. ↑ "Leonardism (2007)". Themessagetapes.com (Adam Leonard's website). Retrieved 12 February 2011.
  51. ↑ "Tubular Bells II". Tubular.net. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
  52. ↑ "Biography of Alan Rickman". Dominic Wills/Talktalk.co.uk. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
  53. 1 2 3 4 Shoard, Catherine; Spencer, Liese; Wiegand, Chris; Groves, Nancy; Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (14 January 2016). "'We are all so devastated': acting world pays tribute to Alan Rickman". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  54. ↑ McGlone, Jackie (31 July 2006). "A man for all seasons". The Scotsman. Edinburgh. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  55. ↑ Chiu, Melody (23 April 2015). "Alan Rickman and Longtime Love Rima Horton Secretly Wed 3 Years Ago". People. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  56. ↑ Staff (14 January 2016). "Farewell to our wonderful patron, Alan Rickman". Saving Faces. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  57. ↑ Rickman, Alan. "A message from the President". IPAT. Archived from the original on 26 February 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  58. ↑ Amer, Matthew (26 July 2012). "My place: Tom Burke". Official London Theatre. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  59. ↑ “Councillor Michael Rickman”. harborough.gov.uk.
  60. ↑ Friedman, Roger (15 January 2016). "Source: Alan Rickman Had Pancreatic Cancer, And Not For Very Long – Came to NY in December". Showbiz411. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  61. ↑ Alan Rickman at Find a Grave
  62. ↑ Gettell, Oliver (14 January 2016). "Harry Potter fans honor Alan Rickman at Platform 9¾". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  63. ↑ Forrester, Katy (14 January 2016). "Alan Rickman died at the same age as Bowie at 69 also after battle with cancer". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
  64. ↑ Cavna, Michael (15 January 2016). "David Bowie and Alan Rickman shared this one profoundly simple gift". The Washington Post. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
  65. 1 2 3 Park, Andrea (14 January 2016). "Stars mourn Alan Rickman on social media". CBS News. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  66. ↑ Lynch, Evanna [@Evy_Lynch] (14 January 2016). "I'll also never forget how scary it was to accidentally bump into him as Snape ..." (Tweet). Retrieved 14 January 2016 – via Twitter.
       Lynch, Evanna [@Evy_Lynch] (14 January 2016). "Am not prepared for a world without Alan Rickman ..." (Tweet). Retrieved 14 January 2016 – via Twitter.
  67. ↑ Shahrestani, Vin (18 January 2016). "Kate Winslet tearfully remembers Alan Rickman at awards". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  68. ↑ Westbrook, Caroline (20 January 2016). "Colin Firth pays touching tribute to Alan Rickman, saying he was 'in awe' of the actor". Metro. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  69. ↑ McTiernan, John (19 January 2016). "Die Hard Director John McTiernan on Alan Rickman: 'He Had a Gift for Playing Terrifying People'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  70. ↑ Innes, Sheila (5 January 2016). "Thanks for the tributes". LinkedIn (Sheila Innes). Retrieved 28 July 2016.
       Owen, David W. (15 January 2016). "Brother is left 'broken' by Alan Rickman's death". Leicester Mercury. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  71. ↑ "The Song of Lunch – Alan Rickman". BBC. 16 September 2010. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  72. ↑ Loughrey, Clarisse (14 January 2016). "Alan Rickman movies: Late actor has two more films out this year". The Independent. Retrieved 15 January 2016.

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