A. K. Gopalan

A.K Gopalan
AKG Statue located at Kannur
Member of the Indian Parliament
for Cannanore
In office
1952–1957
Preceded by Position Created
Succeeded by C.K. Chandrappan
Member of the Indian Parliament
for Kasaragod
In office
1957–1971
Preceded by U. Srinivas Mallya, South Kanara (North)
Succeeded by Ramachandran Kadannappalli
Personal details
Born Ayillyath Kuttiari Gopalan Nambiar
(1904-10-01)1 October 1904
Kannur, Kerala, British India
Died 22 March 1977(1977-03-22) (aged 72)
Trivandrum Medical College, Kerala, India
Political party

Communist Party of India

Communist Party of India (Marxist)
Spouse(s)
Susheela Gopalan (m. 1952)
Parents Velluva Kannoth Rairu Nambiar, Ayillyath Kuttiyeri Madhavi Amma

Ayillyath Kuttiari Gopalan (1 October 1904 – 22 March 1977), popularly known as A. K. Gopalan or AKG, was an Indian communist leader. A.K.G was a Communist who showed how the avenues of parliamentary democracy could be utilized for advancing the cause of the people. He served as the leader of the second largest party (CPI) with 16 members out of 489 since the first Lok Sabha in 1952.

Early life and education

Ayillyath Kuttiari Gopalan was born on 1 October 1904 in Peralasseri, Kannur District of Northern Kerala and educated in Tellichery. By the time he became a teacher, India's independence movement was becoming energised by Mahatma Gandhi. Gopalan took part in the Khilafat Movement which prompted a marked change in his outlook, transforming him into a dedicated full-time social and political worker.


Indian National Congress

In 1927 he joined the Indian National Congress and began playing an active role in the Khadi Movement and the upliftment of Harijans. He was arrested for participating in the salt satyagraha in 1930.

While in prison he got acquainted with communism and became a member of the Congress Socialist Party and later the Communist Party of India when it finally took shape in Kerala in 1939. He led the hunger march from Malabar region to Madras in 1936 and the Malabar Jatha in support of the movement for responsible government in Travancore.

Further arrest

AKG with B.T. Ranadive

The outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 prompted an upsurge in activism against British domination, and Gopalan was again arrested. But in 1942 he escaped from prison and remained at large till the end of the war in 1945. He was arrested again shortly after the end of the war and was still behind bars when India became independent on 15 August 1947. He was released a few weeks later. Thereafter he was a member of Lok Sabha for 5 consecutive terms till his death on 22 March 1977 and became the one of the leaders of opposition parties in the parliament of India.

During the Sino-Indian war in 1962, AKG along with other Indian communists like E.M.S. took an impartial view and requested both nations to discuss and settle the matter peacefully. The official leadership of the party at that time denounced this and supported the India Government. Many leaders of the left group were arrested with the support of the leadership of the party. When the party leadership blocked the publication of an article written by then General Secretary EMS condemning government for attacking the left leaders in the party using the cover of the war, he himself quit the post and supported the left group. AKG was part of the left group and faced disciplinary action by the party leadership dominated by the right. During this time a newspaper published a letter allegedly written by rightist leaders S.A Dange to the British during the freedom struggle. In this letter he promised to keep away from the freedom struggle if granted bail. This was used by the left group to beat the right. When the demand of the left to set up a party-level inquiry about the alleged letter of S.A Dange was rejected in the National Council of CPI, the left group walked away and formed a new Party.

AKG joined the new break away faction, which later came to be known as Communist Party of India (Marxist). He also wrote extensively. His autobiography In the Cause of the People has been translated into many languages. His other works include For Land, Around the World, Work in Parliament, and Collected Speeches, all in Malayalam.

Marriage

AKG was married to Susheela Gopalan, who was a prominent Marxist and trade union activistSusheela Gopalan, hails from the Cheerappanchira family. Cheerappanchira is an Ezhava tharavad renowned for its Kalari in Muhamma, Alappuzha District. His daughter, Laila, is married to P. Karunakaran, the Member of Parliament for the Kasargod constituency.

Indian Coffee House

AKG played an important role in the formation of Indian Coffee House, a worker cooperative initiative by organising the thrown out employees of Coffee Houses of Coffee Board to establish ICHs in late 1950s. His contribution is documented in Coffee Housinte Katha, a Malayalam alternative history book by Nadakkal Parameswaran Pillai the founder of ICHs in Kerala with the Communist Leader of Thrissur Advocate T. K. Krishnan.

AKG memorial in Thiruvananthapuram

Shaji N. Karun, a prominent film director of Kerala, made a biopic on AKG titled AKG — Athijeevanathinte Kanalvazhikal. The film used a part-documentary, part-fiction format. It was released in theatres across Kerala on August 2008.[1]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "Film on AKG set for release tomorrow". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 8 August 2007.

References

  • Manini Chatterjee, People's Democracy. "A K Gopalan: From Satygrahi To Revolutionary".
  • B.T. Ranadive, People's Democracy. "IN MEMORY OF A K GOPALAN".
  • Ganashakti Newsmagazine. "Remembrance: A. K. Gopalan". Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
  • K.P. Pushparaj, The Hindu (2 May 2004). "Fresh faces make prediction impossible". Chennai, India.
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