1985 in spaceflight

1985 in spaceflight
National firsts
Space traveller  Mexico
 Saudi Arabia
Rockets
Maiden flights Space Shuttle Atlantis
M-3SII
Crewed flights
Orbital 11
Total travellers 63

The following is an outline of 1985 in spaceflight.

Launches

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Date and time (UTC) Rocket Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)		 Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks
24 January
19:50		 United StatesSpace Shuttle Discovery United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-51-C NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment27 January
21:23		Successful
United StatesUSA-8 (Magnum 1) NRO Geosynchronous ELINTIn orbitSuccessful
Manned orbital flight with five astronauts
8 February
06:10		 United StatesTitan 34B United StatesVandenberg SLC-4W United States
United StatesUSA-9 (SDS) US Air force Molniya CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
8 February
23:22		 European UnionAriane 3 FranceKourou ELA FranceArianespace
Saudi ArabiaArabsat-1A Arabsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
BrazilBrasilsat-A1 Embratel Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
Arabsat 1A failed in March 1992
13 March
02:00		 United StatesAtlas E/OIS United StatesVandenberg SLC-3W United States
United StatesGeosat US Navy Sun-synchronous Earth observationIn orbitSuccessful
Mission ended in January 1990
22 March
23:55		 United StatesAtlas G United StatesCape Canaveral LC-36B United States
United NationsIntelsat 510 Intelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
12 April
13:59		 United StatesSpace Shuttle Discovery United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-51-D NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment19 April
13:54		Successful
CanadaAnik C1 Telesat Canada Current: Graveyard
Operational: Geosynchronous		 CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
United StatesLeasat 3 US Navy Current: Graveyard
Operational: Geosynchronous		 CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
Manned orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first sitting member of the United States Congress to fly in space (Senator Jake Garn).
Anik C1 was retired on 5 May 2003.
Leasat 3 failed to maneuver to geosynchronous orbit and was re-captured by mission STS-51-I in August, repaired and subsequently maneuvered to geosynchronous orbit.
Discovery suffered extensive brake and tyre damage upon landing at Kennedy Space Center.
29 April
16:02		 United StatesSpace Shuttle Challenger United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-51-B NASA Low Earth Microgravity research6 May
16:11		Successful
United StatesEuropean UnionSpacelab Long Module 1 NASA/ESRO Low Earth (Challenger) Microgravity researchSuccessful
United StatesGLOMAR Intended: Low Earth Getaway SpecialDeployment failure
United StatesNUSAT Low Earth Getaway Special15 DecemberSuccessful
Manned orbital flight with seven astronauts; GLOMAR failed to deploy from its GAS canister
8 May
01:15		 European UnionAriane 3 FranceKourou ELA FranceArianespace
United StatesGStar 1 GTE Spacenet Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
FranceTelecom 1B France Télécom Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
6 June
06:39		 Soviet UnionSoyuz-U2 Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 1/5 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionSoyuz T-13 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Salyut 7 EO-426 September
09:51		Successful
Manned orbital flight with two cosmonauts
17 June
11:33		 United StatesSpace Shuttle Discovery United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-51-G NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment24 June
13:11		Successful
MexicoMorelos 1 Morelos Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
Saudi ArabiaArabsat-1B Arabsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
United StatesTelstar 303 AT&T Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
United StatesSpartan 101 NASA Low Earth Astronomy24 June
13:11		Successful
Manned orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first Saudi Arabian space traveller and member of royalty to fly in space (Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud)
Arabsat 1B retired in 1993.
21 June
00:39		 Soviet UnionSoyuz-U Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 1/5 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionProgress 24 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Logistics15 July
22:33		Successful
30 June
00:44		 United StatesAtlas G United StatesCape Canaveral LC-36B United States
United NationsIntelsat 511 Intelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
2 July
11:23		 European UnionAriane 1 FranceKourou ELA FranceArianespace
European UnionGiotto ESA Heliocentric Flyby of Halley's CometIn orbitSuccessful
Closest approach of Halley's Comet (596 kilometres (370 mi)) achieved on 13 March 1986
Closest approach of 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup (200 kilometres (120 mi)) achieved on 10 July 1992
19 July
13:05		 Soviet UnionSoyuz-U Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 1/5 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos 1669 (Progress) Low Earth (Salyut 7) Logistics30 August
01:20		Successful
29 July
21:00		 United StatesSpace Shuttle Challenger United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-51-F NASA Low Earth Astronomical experiments6 August
19:45		Successful
United StatesPDP NASA Low Earth Plasma researchSuccessful
United StatesEuropean UnionSpacelab 2 (three pallets) NASA/ESRO Low Earth (Challenger) AstronomySuccessful
Manned orbital flight with seven astronauts; A main engine shut-down during ascent caused an Abort to Orbit, the first abort of the Space Shuttle program.
27 August
10:58		 United StatesSpace Shuttle Discovery United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-51-I NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment and repair3 September
13:15		Successful
AustraliaAussat 1 Aussat Pty Ltd Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
United StatesASC-1 ASC Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
United StatesLeasat 4 US Navy Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSpacecraft failure
Manned orbital flight with five astronauts
Leasat 4 failed in orbit after becoming operational for a short period
Retrieved Leasat 3, deployed by STS-51-D in April and repaired the malfunctioning perigee motor to allow the satellite to reach geosynchronous orbit.
28 August
21:20		 United StatesTitan 34D United StatesVandenberg SLC-4E United States
United StatesKH-11-7 NRO Intended: Sun-synchronous Reconnaissance28 AugustLaunch Failure
First stage propellant feed malfunction
12 September
23:26		 European UnionAriane 3 FranceKourou ELA FranceArianespace
FranceEutelsat 1F3 Eutelsat Intended: Geosynchronous Communications12 SeptemberLaunch Failure
United StatesSpacenet F3 Spacenet Intended: Geosynchronous Communications
Third stage failed to ignite
13 September United StatesASM-135 ASAT United StatesCelestial Eagle, Vandenberg United StatesUS Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Anti-satellite weapon13 SeptemberSuccessful
Successful intercept and destruction of Solwind P78-1.
17 September
12:38		 Soviet UnionSoyuz-U2 Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 1/5 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionSoyuz T-14 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Salyut 7 EP-521 November
10:31		Successful
Manned orbital flight with three cosmonauts
27 September
08:41		 Soviet UnionProton-K Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 200/39 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos 1686 (TKS) Low Earth (Salyut 7) Logistics7 February 1991Successful
TKS-4; remained docked with Salyut 7 through that station's re-entry
28 September
23:17		 United StatesAtlas G United StatesCape Canaveral LC-36B United States
United NationsIntelsat 512 Intelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
3 October
15:15		 United StatesSpace Shuttle Atlantis United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-51-J NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment7 October
17:00		Successful
United StatesUSA-11 (DSCS-III) US Air Force Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
United StatesUSA-12 (DSCS-III) US Air Force Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
Manned orbital flight with five astronauts; Maiden flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis
9 October
02:53		 United StatesAtlas E/SGS-2 United StatesVandenberg SLC-3W United States
United StatesUSA-10 (GPS-11) US Air Force Medium Earth NavigationIn orbitSuccessful
30 October
17:00		 United StatesSpace Shuttle Challenger United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-61-A NASA Low Earth Microgravity research6 November
17:44		Successful
United StatesSpacelab Long Module 2 NASA Low Earth (Challenger) Spacelab D1Successful
GermanyGLOMAR DLR Low Earth Getaway Special26 December 1986Successful
Manned orbital flight with eight astronauts
Maiden flight of Spacelab Long Module #2
27 November
00:29		 United StatesSpace Shuttle Atlantis United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-61-B NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment2 December
21:33		Successful
MexicoMorelos 2 Morelos Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
AustraliaAussat A2 Aussat Pty Ltd Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
United StatesSatcom K2 RCA Americom Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
United StatesOEX Target NASA Low Earth 2 March 1987Successful
United StatesEASE/ACCESS NASA Low Earth (Atlantis) Structure assembly experiment2 December
21:33		Successful
Manned orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first Mexican space traveller.

Deep Space Rendezvous

Date (GMT) Spacecraft Event Remarks
11 JuneVega 1delivered lander and balloon on Venus
15 JuneVega 2delivered lander and balloon on Venus
11 SeptemberISEE-3/ICEFlyby of 21P/Giacobini-Zinner

EVAs

Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Remarks
16 April 3 hours
6 minutes		 STS-51-D
Discovery		 United StatesJeffrey A. Hoffman
United StatesS. David Griggs		 Installed an improvised switch-pulling tool, called the Flyswatter, on the RMS robotic arm. The Flyswatter was used in an effort to push the sequencer start lever on the Leasat-3 in the proper position for deployment.[1] This attempted repair was the first unplanned spacewalk in NASA history.[2]
2 August
07:15		 5 hours 12:15 Salyut 7 EO-4 Soviet UnionVladimir Dzhanibekov
Soviet UnionViktor Savinykh		 Installed a third pair of solar arrays on exterior of Salyut 7.
31 August 7 hours
20 minutes		 STS-51-I
Discovery		 United StatesWilliam Fisher
United StatesJames van Hoften		 Van Hoften rode the RMS to capture the Leasat 3 satellite and pulled it into payload bay. Fisher and Van Hoften secured and started repairs on the satellite in the payload bay. The retrieval was complicated by a malfunction of the RMS that made operation of the arm more complicated.[3]
1 September 4 hours
26 minutes		 STS-51-I
Discovery		 United StatesWilliam Fisher
United StatesJames van Hoften		 Completed repairs on the Leasat 3 satellite. Then Van Hoften, riding the RMS, heaved the satellite out of the payload bay, imparting the required spin needed to fire the perigee motor.[3]
29 November 5 hours
32 minutes		 STS-61-B
Atlantis		 United StatesJerry L. Ross
United StatesSherwood C. Spring		 Practiced construction techniques in the payload bay and assembled and disassembled the two experimental EASE/ACCESS structures.[4]
1 December 6 hours
41 minutes		 STS-61-B
Atlantis		 United StatesJerry L. Ross
United StatesSherwood C. Spring		 Conducted supplementary experiments on the EASE and ACCESS structures, including a test of the RMS to aid in the construction experiments.[4]

References

  • Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
  • Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
  • Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
  • Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
  • Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report".
  • McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report".
  • Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
  • Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
  • Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
  • Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
  • "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
  • "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
  • "Space Information Center". JAXA.
  • "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
Generic references:

Footnotes

  1. ↑ "Space Shuttle Mission Archives". NASA. 2007. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
  2. ↑ Becker, Joachim; Janssen, Heinz Hermann (2009). "Human Spaceflights - STS-51D". Space Facts. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
  3. 1 2 "Space Shuttle Flight 20 (STS-51A)". Space Shuttle Video Library. National Space Society. July 2008. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
  4. 1 2 Rumerman, Judith; Gamble, Chris; Okolski, Gabriel (2007). "Human Spaceflight" (PDF). NASA History Division. p. 45. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2009.


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